• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.625-629
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• 2000

Six yearling Suffolk ewes were used to study the effect of different roughage proportion diets (30%=LR, and 70%=HR) and intake levels (0.7 M and 1.3 M) on heat production and thermoregulatory responses in sheep exposed to different ambient temperatures (20 and $30^{\circ}C$). Sheep fed HR had higher heat production (HP) and time spent eating (TSE) and lower time spent standing (TSS) than those fed LR. But effect of roughage proportion on vaginal temperature (Tv) was obvious only at high intake and at $30^{\circ}C$. Sheep fed high intake had higher Tv, HP, TSS, and TSE than those fed low intake. Roughage proportion and intake level did not have an effect on respiration rate (RR), but ambient temperature did. Ambient temperature did not have an effect on HP, TSS and TSE. At $30^{\circ}C$ sheep had higher Tv and RR than those at $20^{\circ}C$. There were interactions between intake level and ambient temperature in TSS, between intake level and roughage proportion in TSE, and between roughage proportion and ambient temperature in HP. Results indicate that high roughage diet imposes a greater potential heat load on animals than low roughage diet when given at high ambient temperature, but not at low ambient temperature. And the effects is more pronounced at high intake.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.475-490
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• 2023

Chemical water quality suitability for species (Ephemera strigata, Ephemera separigata, and Ephemera orientalis-sachalinensis group) of the mayfly genus Ephemera (Order Ephemeroptera) was analyzed with probability distribution models (Exponential, Normal, Lognormal, Logistic, Weibull, Gamma, Beta, Gumbel). Data was collected from 23,957 sampling units of 6,664 sites in Korea from 2010 to 2021. E. orientalis-sachalinensis occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.3~11.1 mg/L (the best-fit Lognormal model); T-P 0.007~0.769 mg/L (the Gumbel model); TSS 0.4~142.2 mg/L (the Lognormal model). E. strigata occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.4~7.4 mg/L (the Gumbel model); T-P 0.007~0.254 mg/L (the Lognormal model); TSS 0.4~17.1 mg/L (the Lognormal model). E. separigata occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.4~2.6 mg/L (the R-Weibull model); T-P 0.007~0.134 mg/L (the Lognormal model); TSS 0.7~10.0 mg/L (the Lognormal model). Habitat suitability range of E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be 0.4~1.9 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.024~0.086 mg/L (T-P), 2.5~22.4 mg/L (TSS); that of E. strigata was 0.4~0.7 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.007~0.018 mg/L (T-P), 0.0~1.7 mg/L (TSS); that of E. separigata was 0.0~0.4 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.000~0.015 mg/L (T-P), 0.5~3.1 mg/L (TSS). In a relative comparision, E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be eurysaprobic, and narrowly adapted in high levels of T-P and TSS, E. strigata was estimated to be oligosaprobic and adapted in low levels of T-P and TSS, and E. separigata was estimated to be stenooligosaprobic and widely adapted in low level of T-P and TSS.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

This paper proposed a multi-resolution algorithm. Its search point and complexity were compared with those of block match algorithm. Also the speed up comparison was made with the block match algorithm. The proposed multi-resolution NTSS-3 Level algorithm was compared again with its targets, TSS-3 Level algorithm and NTSS algorithm. The comparison results showed that the NTSS-3 Level algorithm was superior in search point and speed up. Accordingly, the proposed NTSS-3 Level algorithm was two to three times better in search point and two to four times better in complexity calculation than those of the compared object, the block match algorithm. In speed up, the proposed NTSS-3 Level algorithm was two times better. Accordingly, the proposed multi-resolution NTSS-3 Level algorithm showed PSNR ration portion excellency in search point and speed up.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

The current expanding mobile markets incessantly demands small form factor, low power consumption and high aggregate throughput for silicon-level integration such as memory to logic system. One of emerging solution for meeting this high market demand is 3D through silicon stacking (TSS) technology. Main challenges to bring 3D TSS technology to the volume production level are establishing a cost effective supply chain and building a reliable manufacturing processes. In addition, this technology inherently help increase number of IOs and shorten interconnect length. With those benefits, however, potential signal and power integrity risks are also elevated; increase in PDN inductance, channel loss on substrate, crosstalk and parasitic capacitance. This paper will report recent progress of wide IO memory to high count TSV logic device assembly development work. 28 nm node TSV test vehicles were fabricated by the foundry and assembled. Successful integration of memory wide IO chip with less than a millimeter package thickness form factor was achieved. For this successful integration, we discussed potential signal and power integrity challenges. This report demonstrated functional wide IO memory to 28 nm logic device assembly using 3D package architecture with such a thin form factor.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2023

In this study, the removal efficiency of road sweeping and sand filter facility for removing total suspended solid (TSS) as nonpoint source pollution from expressway was evaluated for the last 10 years (2012~2021) using ROADMOD. ROADMOD is a screening level model and was calibrated for runoff rate and TSS loading both at the inlet, which is the loading from the drainage area, and the outlet, from the sand filter facility. The drainage area is 715 m² and the dimensions of sand filter facility are 1.5 m (wide) × 3.8 m (length) × 1.5 m (depth). The monitoring period for model calibration was the rainfall event during Aug. 31~Sep. 1, 2021 and the amount of rainfall was 74.5 mm. As a result of calibration, the determination coefficients (R²) of the flow rate were 0.66 and 0.86, for the inlet and outlet, respectively, and those of TSS loading were 0.50 and 0.84, for the inlet and outlet, respectively. Considering that ROADMOD is a screening level model, the calibration results were reasonable to evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) on the expressway. Using ROADMOD simulation results for 2012~2021, the average yearly runoff rate from the expressway was 82% and removal efficiency was 9% for road sweeping, 35% for sand filter facility, and 39% for both road sweeping and sand filter facility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

Total suspended solids (TSS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorous (T-P) concentrations around and under a floating island were examined from October 2002 to September 2003. The island was installed in July 2002 on the surface of an agricultural irrigation reservoir located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It was composed of six polyethylene panels. Each panel was 2 m (length) ${\times}$ 1 m (width) ${\times}$ 0.02 m (thick) and had about thirty-two holes each with a diameter of eight centimeters, through which plant roots grew down into the water. Coconut fibers of nine-centimeters in height were placed on the panel, which sustained plants rhizomes and roots. Both the fibers and the panel were raped with polyethylene wire mashes. About thirty irises (Iris pseudoacorus) were planted into the fibers of each panel. The concentrations of TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P below the island during the iris-growing season averaged 9.70, 2.59, 3.61 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively and those around it averaged 9.99, 2.83, 4.07 and 0.16 mg/L, respectively. The average concentrations of TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P below it during the iris non-growing season were 8.68, 2.37, 3.25 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively and those near it were 8.76, 2.43, 3.34 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively. At a significance level of ${\alpha}$=0.05, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P concentrations under the island during the iris-growing season were significantly low when compared with those around it except TSS. No differences in TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P concentrations between around and near it were found at a significance level of ${\alpha}$=0.05 during the iris non-growing season. The removal of $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P during the growing season were significantly high when compared with those during the non-growing season. TSS abatement of the floating island was very low during both the growing and non-growing seasons. The island's reductions of $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P were good during the growing season, especially T-N and T-P, which have been considered as primary pollutant sources causing the water quality degradation of reservoirs. The removal of T-N and T-P was primarily attributed to the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorous by the irises during the growing season.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.6
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• pp.633-644
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• 2004

In this paper, we notice that the original NTSS algorithm can be proposed as the NTSS-3 Level algorithm by the multi-resolution technique. The fast block matching algorithm affects the speed by the patten combination and this paper proposes the block matching algorithm in different levels by multi-resolution technique, quite different from the original NTSS Patten. The block matching algorithm requires the multi-candidate to reduce the occurrence of low-image quality by the local minima problem. The simulation result compared to FS shows search speed 16 times quicker, and the PSNR 0.11-0.12［dB］ gets improved Image quality compared to the original fast block matching algorithm NTSS, and the speed is improved up to 0.1 times for improved image by the search point portion.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.497-502
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• 2000

For the analysis of geothermal energy utilization in agriculture the relations between soil temperature and geographical variables such as latitude longitude and sea level in Korea were analyzed and the regression equations were suggested among them. The measured soil temperature data for four years in eighteen cities were used to get the soil temperature fitting equation depending on the soil depth and the time of year in each city. The mean correlation coefficient for those data fitting was 0.980. the correlation coefficient of regression analysis for the mean soil temperature($T_{m}$) on the geographical variables such as latitude longitude and height above sea level was 0.958 and those for soil surface temperature amplitude(Tss) and phase constant(tp) were 0.889, 0.835, respectively. The relation between the apparent thermal diffusivity of the soil and the three geographical variables was not significant. The regression equations for the mean soil temperature($T_{m}$) soil surface temperature amplitude(Tss) and phase constant(tp) adopting latitude($X_{1}$) longitude($X_2$) height above sea level($X_3$) were as follows : $T_{m}$=50.049 - $0.849X_1$-$0.03131X_2$-$0.00622X_3$Tss=-6.970 +$0.584X_1$+$0.00530X_2$-$0.00214X_3$tp=70.353 - $1.404X_1$+ $0.02098X_2$+ $0.00312X_3$

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.290-295
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• 2004

In this study, ozone was adopted for the reduction and stabilization of waste sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant. The waste sludge used in the experiments was primary sludge, excess sludge and a mixture of the two. The sludge cells and flocs were disrupted by ozonation resulting in the reduction of TSS and VSS concentrations. In the case of the primary sludge with a concentration of 20 gTS/L, the TSS and VSS concentrations were reduced 28%, 33% and the TCOD concentration was reduced 20% respectively. The consumption of ozone was $0.18gO_3/gSS$. In the case of the excess sludge with a concentration of 7.5 gTS/L, the TSS and VSS concentrations were reduced 37%, 41%, and the TCOD concentration was reduced 19% respectively. The consumption of ozone was $0.33gO_3/gSS$. In the case of the mixed sludge of 9.3 gTS/L, the TSS and VSS concentrations were reduced by 45%, 53%, and the TCOD was reduced 26% respectively. The desirable consumption of ozone was $0.27gO_3/gSS$. As ozonation proceeded, the level of SCOD increased due to the release of intracellular materials. However TCOD was reduced due to mineralization resulting from the transformation of organic materials to inorganic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.88-98
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• 2007

The control of nonpoint source pollution from the urban paved areas with high imperviousness in is required to improve the water quality of aquatic resources. This research investigated the characteristics of urban runoffs and evaluate the effectiveness of the continuous deflective separation systems for stormwater best management practice. The systems were installed in the vicinity of a high-level road, an apartment complex, and the Cheonggye stream. Stormwater runoff was sampled in these sites. Biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) were analyzed. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$, TSS, and T-P for the road was 10.9-81.0%, 11.7-93.4%, 0-37.5%, respectively. That of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the complex was 12.5-65.8%, 26.5-77.6%, 1.8-28.7%, and 20.0-37.5%, respectively. The abatement efficiency $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the stream was 7.2-85.2%, 41.7-98.2%, 11.3-65.6%, and 2.0-71.5%, respectively. This study shows that the systems can be used to remove $BOD_5$ and TSS from urban runoffs efficiently.