• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.894-896
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• 2003

This paper present the design algorithm using torque and rotor volume(TRV). And, this paper introduce that how to applying the 3-Dimensional Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Network(3D EMCN) and brushless motor circuit simulator. This algorithm is applied the design program, the design shape is compared with existed brushless motor.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.915-916
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• 2007

There are many equipments for the Short Circuit Test, for example Short Circuit Generator, Induction Motor, Sequence Timer, Exciter, CLR, Back Up Breaker, Making Switch and TRV etc. Especially Back up Breaker and Making Switch are very important equipments to test the short circuit test. A role of a Back up Breaker is to break high-voltage and high-current for short circuit test and a Making Switch should be operated always same speed/time and kept electrical-mechanical characteristics to make the voltage and current of short circuit test. This study introduces to the short circuit test also to kinds, principal movements and compare them of Back up Breaker and Making Switch.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

TRPV2 is a non-specific cation channel expressed in sensory neurons, and activated by noxious heat. Particularly, TRPV2 has six transmembrane domains and three ankyrin repeats. TRPV2 has been cloned from various species such as human, rat, and mouse. Oocytes of Xenopus laevis - an African clawed frog ­have been widely used for decades in characterization of various receptors and ion channels. The functional property of rat TRPV2 was also identified by this oocyte expression system. However, no TRPV2 orthologue of Xenopus laevis has been reported so far. Hence, we have focused to clone a TRPV2 orthologue of Xenopus laevis with the aid of bioinformatic tools. Because the genome sequence of Xenopus laevis is not available until now, a genome sequence of Xenopus tropicalis - a close relative species of Xenopus laevis - was used. After a number of bioinformatic searches in silico, a predicted full-length sequence of TRPV2 orthologue of Xenopus tropicalis was found. Based on this predicted sequence, various approaches such as RT-PCR and 5' -RACE technique were applied to clone a full length of Xenopus laevis TRV2. Consequently, a full-length Xenopus laevis TRPV2 was cloned from heart cDNA.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.9
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2018

Vacuum circuit breakers(VCB) are widely used for current interruption of high-voltage inductive loads such as induction motors. This VCB can be chopped off before the current zero due to its high arc-extinguishing capability. One of the outstanding features of VCB is that it can cut off high frequency re-ignition current more than other circuit breakers. If the transient recovery voltage generated in the arc extinguishing is higher than the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker, a re-ignition phenomenon occurs. The surge voltage of the re-ignition is very high in magnitude and the steepness of the waveform is so severe that it can act as a high electrical stress on the winding. If the high frequency current of one phase affects the other two phases when the re-ignition occurs, it may cause a high surge voltage due to the virtual current chopping. If the magnitude of the voltage allowed in the motor winding is high or the waveform level is too severe, it may lead to insulation breakdown. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the voltage to within a certain range. In this study, we briefly explain the various phenomena at the time of interruption, analyzed the magnitude of the dielectric strength and the transient recovery voltage at the simultaneous three-phase interruption that can give the greatest influence to the inductive load, proposed a method to reduce the impact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.77.1-77
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• 2003

We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone, CaCDPK4 encoding a typical calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) from hot pepper cDNA library. Genomic southern blot analysis showed that it belongs to a multigene family, but represents a single copy gone in hot pepper genome. RNA expression pattern of this gene revealed that it is induced by infiltration of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Bra into hot pepper leaves but not by water deficit stress. However, high salt treatment of NaCl (0.4 M) solution to hot pepper plants strongly induced CaCDPK4 gene. In addition, this gene is weakly responsive to the exogenous application of salicylic acid or ethephon. Biochemical study of the GST-CaCDPK4 recominant protein showed that it autophosphorylates in vitro and the presence of EGTA, a calcium chelater, eliminates the kinase activity of the recombinant protein. As a way to identify the in vivo function of CaCDPK4 in plants, VIGS (Virus-Induced Gene Silencing) was employed. Agrobacterium-mediated TRV silencing construct containing the kinase and calmodulin domain of CaCDPK4 resulted in cell death of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. A highly homologous H benthamiana CDPK gene, NbCDPK5, to CaCDPK4 was cloned from N. benthamiana cDNA library. VIGS of NbCDPK5 also resulted in cell death. The molecular characterization of this cell death phenotype is being under investigation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

The multifunctional triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of the Potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) has been reported to have silencing suppressor, cell-to-cell movement, and helicase functions. Yeast two hybrid screening using an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library with TGB1 as bait, and co-purification with TGB1 inclusion bodies identified several host proteins which interact with AltMV TGB1. Host protein interactions with TGB1 were confirmed by biomolecular fluorescence complementation, which showed positive TGB1 interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase delta' chain subunit (ATP synthase delta'), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex I subunit A4 (LHCA4), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (LHB1B2), chloroplast-localized IscA-like protein (ATCPISCA), and chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase. However, chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase interacts only with $TGB1_{L88}$, and not with weak silencing suppressor $TGB1_{L88}$. This selective interaction indicates that chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase is not required for AltMV movement and replication; however, TRV silencing of chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase in Nicotiana benthamiana induced severe tissue necrosis when plants were infected by AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$ but not AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$, suggesting that ${\beta}$-ATPase selectively responded to $TGB1_{L88}$ to induce defense responses.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2012

$Potato$ $virus$ $X$ (PVX) replication is precisely regulated by regulatory viral sequences and by viral and/or host proteins. In a previous study, we identified a 54-kDa cellular tobacco protein that bound to a region within the first 46 nucleotides (nt) of the 5' non-translated region (NTR) of the viral genome. Optimal binding was dependent upon the presence of an ACCA sequence at nt 10-13. To identify host factors that bind to 5' NTR elements including AC-rich sequences as well as stemloop 1 (SL1), we used northwestern blotting and matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for peptide mass fingerprinting. We screened several host factors that might affect PVX replication and selected a candidate protein, $Nicotiana$ $tabacum$ WRKY transcription factor 1 (NtWRKY1). We used a $Tobacco$ $rattle$ $virus$ (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system to investigate the role of NtWRKY1 in PVX replication. Silencing of $WRKY1$ in $Nicotiana$ $benthamiana$ caused lethal apical necrosis and allowed an increase in PVX RNA accumulation. This result could reflect the balancing of PVX accumulation in a systemic $N.$ $benthamiana$ host to maintain PVX survival and still produce a suitable appearance of mosaic and mottle symptoms. Our results suggest that PVX may recruit the WRKY transcription factor, which binds to the 5' NTR of viral genomic RNA and acts as a key regulator of viral infection.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine tne incidences of virus diseases in lily plants cultivated in highland areas, and to develop an effective detection method. Viral symptoms on lilies in the highland areas were differentiated into mosaic, crinkle, mottle, stripe and line pattern. The distribution of symptoms on infected plants was 43.8% of mosaic, 29.2% of crinkle, and 10.9% of mottle symptoms. Six viruses such as Lily symptomless vires(LSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV), Lily virus X (LVX, Potexvirus), Tabacco mosaic virus (TMV,Tobamovirus), and Tabacco rattle virus (TRV,Tobravirus) were detected from the infected lilies. Infection rate of Lilium oriental (cvs. Casablanca and Marcopolo) was 2~4 times higher than that of L. asiatic (cvs. Solemio and Prato). Virus detection on lilies by one-step RT-PCR (by using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction simultaneously) was more rapid rapid and reliable than by the conventional RT-PCR method.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an attractive reverse-genetics tool for studying gene function in plants. We showed that silencing of a phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene is maintained throughout TRV-PDS-inoculated tomato plants as well as in their flowers and fruit and is enhanced by low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and low humidity (30%). RT-PCR analysis of the PDS gene revealed a dramatic reduction in the level of PDS mRNA in leaves, flowers and fruits. Silencing of PDS results in the accumulation of phytoene, the desaturase substrate. In addition, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in the leaves of PDS-silenced plants was reduced by more than 90%. We also silenced the LeEIN2 gene by infecting seedlings, and this suppressed fruit ripenning. We conclude that this VIGS approach should facilitate large-scale functional analysis of genes involved in the development and ripening of tomato.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.393-397
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• 2020

Shunt reactor, a facility for reactive power compensation, is switched several times a day depending on the load pattern. When the circuitbreaker opens the shunt reactor over-voltage is generated by several factors which degrade the insulating performance of internal parts of the circuit-breaker and cause severe voltage stress on the equipment in the power system. Transient phenomenon occurring during the switching of shunt reactor are available in laboratories that verify the performance of the circuit-breaker by simulating the power system. However, it is difficult to measure the transient phenomenon that occurs during actual operation in actual power system due to many limitations. Therefore, this paper deals with the modeling using EMTP to analyze the reignition and current chopping which causes more severe transient recovery voltage in the small inductive current breaking in actual power systems. In addition, this paper analyzes the main phenomenon that cause circuit-breaker failure in opening shunt reactor using EMTP model.