• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.626-635
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• 2015

Recently, the number of trail users in Korea has risen tremendously. Consequently, the cost of safety measures related to hiking is sharply increasing. Despite the safety cost input, the number of heart-related adverse events has been not decreasing. Therefore, this research aims to suggest the use of objective and quantitative trail use information in terms of course difficulty. The study site is Jirisan Dullegil (Jirisan Forest Trail). The currently available trail difficulty information either provides the difficulty rating in terms of 3 to 5 levels according to several empirical difficulty factors reported by staff who maintain the forest or simply states the distance of each trail. Thus, many trail visitors feel a great gap between the given information and actual difficulties they experience. In this study, we tried to assess the degree of difficulty by actual energy consumption. Calculating the volumetric oxygen consumption (VOC) by the distance and gradient not only makes possible an absolute rating but a comparison among the trails as well. Also, it is highly effective to simply describe the exercise intensity of a certain trail. Further, it is easy to check the VOCs' changes by switching the start-end points of the same trail. Providing the trail information of VOCs by sections and directions, we expect to prevent heart-related accidents.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

Mountain trails play an important role in the daily life and health of the citizens, and also are major areas for recreation operators strive to balance the needs of pedestrian with the needs of wildlife and health improvement. In this view point, this research aims at analyzing the slope of mountain trails using mobile GPS and suggesting the suitable path to citizens for improving health. The result shows that the trail slope analysis by using mobile GPS could be effectively evaluated the degree of walk difficulty.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of simultaneous dual-task training to assess executive function in older adults. Methods : We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and RISS databases of publicated studies in the past decade. Seven studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative assessment and meta-analysis were performed for the seven studies. Results : A randomized controlled trial design was used in the selected studies, and PEDro Scores above seven were obtained. The Trial Making Test (TMT) evaluated the effects of dual-task training on executive function in four studies. The Color Trail Test (CTT) was used in two studies, and Stroop test was used in three studies. The effect size for total executive function was 0.38, which was small. The effect sizes for TMT and CTT were 0.37. Stroop Test was 0.34, demonstrating that their effect sizes were also small. Only significant effects in total executive function, TMT, and CTT showed significant effects (all p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-task training was effective in improving executive function in older adults. To improve the effectiveness of dual-task training, the difficulty of the dual-task training should be considered. It is also necessary to implement assessments that can evaluate performance under dual-task conditions as well as conventional test tools for executive function. In the future, dual-task training could be used as an appropriate intervention for executive function in older adults to delay the onset of dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

This study aimed to evaluate preferences of Bukhansan dulegil using sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, to derive preferred and non-preferred factors. Therefore, we collected blog articles written in 2019 and produced sentimental scores by the derivation of positive and negative words in the texts for 21 dulegil courses. Then, content analysis was conducted to determine which factors led visitors to prefer or dislike each course. In blogs written about Bukhansan dulegil, positive words appeared in approximately 73% of the content, and the percentage of positive documents was significantly higher than that of negative documents for each course. Through this, it can be seen that visitors generally had positive sentiments toward Bukhansan dulegil. Nevertheless, according to the sentiment score analysis, all 21 dulegil courses belonged to both the preferred and non-preferred courses. Among courses, visitors preferred less difficult courses, in which they could walk without a burden, and in which various landscape elements (visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.) were harmonious yet distinct. Furthermore, they preferred courses with various landscapes and landscape sequences. Additionally, visitors appreciated the presence of viewpoints, such as observation decks, as a significant factor and preferred courses with excellent accessibility and information provisions, such as information boards. Conversely, the dissatisfaction with the dulegil courses was due to noise caused by adjacent roads, excessive urban areas, and the inequality or difficulty of the course which was primarily attributed to insufficient information on the landscape or section of the course. The results of this study can serve not only serve as a guide in national parks but also in the management of nearby forest green areas to formulate a plan to repair and improve dulegil. Further, the sentiment analysis used in this study is meaningful in that it can continuously monitor actual users' responses towards natural areas. However, since it was evaluated based on a predefined sentiment dictionary, continuous updates are needed. Additionally, since there is a tendency to share positive content rather than negative views due to the nature of social media, it is necessary to compare and review the results of analysis, such as with on-site surveys.