• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000

It is really hard for the material factors to basically improve quality of life, since it is the only partial means of the survival and activity of life. Development of Eigen Shin-Tou-Jil(Proper Body·Earth materials), therefore, must be concentrated on providing man with essential meaning of life, not with simply economic advantage. Eigen Shin-Tou-Jil(Proper Body·Earth materials) which is formed through long passage of time in the original environments that include the climate and nature features of a special region, the representative examples are like Korea Bong-sam(a kind of genseng) of Yellow Earth etc. Unfolding the Eigen Shin-Tou-Jil(Proper Body·Earth materials) by the Algorithm of Human-ware means the development for manifesting individual eigen motives and traits as subject of behavior(Gene-ware). It is because all plants, animals, inanimate objects, including Human, have evolved with their own values in the ecosystem. It was reported that a Baeksong(white pine tree), grown well up in TongEeDong, Seoul, Korea had rarely grown up during the period suppressed by Japan. By the developments of Bio-Engineering, we also found that 40% of gene base sequence of C. Elegance(a kind of worm) is identical to that of characteristic Human. In this reason, through considering common characteristics between Human and Nature, the developments of Eigen Shin-Tou-Jil(Proper Body·Earth materials) must begin with epoch for manifesting and understanding individual's Eigen motives and traits as subject of behavior(Gene-ware)

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2011

Currently, the concern about the environment is the issue all over the world, and in particular, carbon emissions of the power plants will not be able to disregard from the respect of generation cost. This paper proposes DR (demand response) as a method of reducing carbon emissions and therefore, carbon emissions cost. There are a number of studies considering DR, and in this paper, the effect of DR is focused on the side of carbon emission reduction effect considering Time-Of-Use (TOU) program, which is one of the most important economic methods in DSM. Demand-price elasticity matrix is used in this paper to model and analyze DR effect. Carbon emissions is calculated by using the carbon emission coefficient provided by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), and generator's input-output characteristic coefficients are also used to estimate carbon emission cost as well as the amount of carbon emissions. Case study is conducted on the RBTS IEEE with six buses. For the TOU program, it is assumed that parameters of time period partition consist of three time periods (peak, flat, off-peak time period).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1992

The effects of various kind and amount of nitrogen fertilizers on the plant grorth. physiological , yield and extracts. ligustilide, butylidene phthalide contents of curdsdrug "Tou-ki" (AnTelica acutiloba Kitagawa) were investigated in 1989. Five plots variouskind of nitrogen fertilizers. Namely, no nitrogen, urea. ammonium nitrate, ammoniumchloride and control plot of ammonium sulfate. The other, by providing five plotsdifferent composed ratio of nitrogenous fertilizers. containing no nitrogen (No. o) .0.5-fold nitrogen (No s), control plot of 1.0-fold nitrogen(Nl.o). 1.5-fold nitrogen(Nl s)and 2.0-fold nitrogen Na. o), but nitogen was used the ammonium sulfate. The results showedthat the crude drug "Tou-ki" can ammonium chloride be produced in good yield, displayingboth good plant growth and remarkable physiologically-active conditions, and it can beproduced such that the extracts is maximized. Additionally, using methods of gaschromatography (GC) , it was established that ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, majorcomponents in the crude drug was recovered in a good yield from the fully grown plants.The other, the plant growth, the physiologically-active, the weight of whole plant, theyield of extracts and ligustilide, butylidene phthalide were seen to be best at the plotof 2.0-fold nitrogen and according to the increase or decrease of nitrogen decreasedgradually. Therefore. about 2 fold of standard quantity seems to be the most suitablequantity of nitrogen for "Tou-ki" cultivation .uot;Tou-ki" cultivation .ion .

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4902-4909
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• 2012

In this paper, the TOU tariff's based building indoor temperature control algorithm in cooling systems is proposed using control horizon method. A control horizon switching method and linear programming algorithm is used for optimal control, and both TOU and peak tariffs are included to calculate the energy costs. Simulation results show that the reductions of energy cost and peak power can be obtained using proposed algorithms.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

We estimated the price range of electricity transactions under the prosumer system, considering the spread of renewable energy and the prospect of introducing a surplus power trading system between power consumers in Korea. The range (min/max) of power transaction prices was estimated by prosumers and consumers who could purchase electricity from utilities if needed. It is assumed that utilities purchased electricity from prosumers and consumers under a Time-of-Use (TOU) rate, trading at a monthly price. The range of available transaction prices according to the amount of power purchased from utilities and the amount of transaction power was also estimated. The price range that can be traded is expected to vary depending on variables such as the TOU rate, purchased and surplus power, levelized cost of electricity, etc.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.205-232
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• 2022

This study analyzes the effect of the 2^nd pilot test of Tiime of Use (TOU) pricing for Korean households using a two-level electricity demand model. The test, implemented from May to September 2021, was conducted to compare the effects of two TOU pricing rates and the standard rates for households living in apartment and detached house in 7 provinces of Korea. Based on the data on electricity consumption during the test period and during the same period last year of the 1,292 participants and their socio-economic characteristics, this study analyzes (1) whether the relative demand across periods has changed in response to hourly price changes and (2) whether the price responsiveness of daily consumption has changed after the introduction of TOU pricing. The results show that both types of TOU pricing affect neither the relative demand across periods nor the price responsiveness of daily consumption. The reason behind the results could be related to the level of TOU pricing rates and the periodical classification, which were not sufficient to induce changes in the participants' electricity demand patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2414-2419
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• 2012

This paper presents an optimal operation control method for energy saving in the water reuse pumping system. A predictive horizon switching strategy is proposed to implement an optimal operation control and a linear programming (LP) algorithm is used to solve optimal problems in each time step. Energy costs are calculated for electricity on both TOU in the light, heavy, and maximum load time period and peak charges. The optimal operation in water reuse pumping systems is determined to reduce the TOU and peak costs. The simulation results show a power energy saving for water reuse pumping systems and power stability improvement.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2013

Economic properties of an integrated wind power plant (WPP) and the demand response (DR) programs in the sample electricity market are studied. Time of use (TOU) and direct load control (DLC) are two of the DR programs that are applied in the system. The influences of these methods and the incentive payments by market operator's (MOs) with variable elasticity are studied. It is observed that DR with TOU and DLC programs together yields better revenue and energy saving for MOs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.529-530
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• 2015

스마트그리드 환경에서 증가하는 에너지 수요에 대응하기 위하여 수요 반응(Demand response, DR) 프로그램에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 특히, 전력 분야에서는 공급측 자원과 수요측 자원을 효율적으로 운영하기 위하여 수요 반응에 기반한 마이크로그리드 운영 기술이 요구되며, 추후 마이크로그리드의 실 시스템에 많은 도입이 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 TOU(Time-of-use)와 DLC(Direct load control)에 기반한 마이크로그리드의 최적 운영계획을 수립하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 수리적 모델의 타당성을 검토하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2020

Current residential electricity rates, which are charged regardless of consumption patterns, have a problem of restricting consumer choice. In order to improve the problem, the Korea government started a demonstration project based on Time-Of-Use(TOU) pricing from September 2019. However, the analysis of its effect is still limited. This study analyzed the changes and limitations of TOU pricing compared to the current progressive pricing. The result showed that the high rate payer's bill decreased by up to 33.8 % while the low rate payer's bill increased by up to 117.7 %. This can lead to the problem of accepting electricity rates from a social point of view. In this study, TOU pricing based on progressive pricing was proposed to overcome the problem. The results presented the rate changes depending on the power consumption patterns while decreasing the average rate change from 32 % to -1.9 %. It means that the proposed pricing can support the TOU effect while maintaining the framework of the existing progressive pricing.