• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2000

In this paper a new controller is proposed to operate the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) by the control method of the maximum torque per ampere in constant torque region. The implementation method of the conventional torque controller is explained and analyzed exactly. The proposed controller does not use the torque and q-axis current of the speed controller but the amplitude of the stator current in order to utilize not only the magnetic alignment torque but also the reluctance in the constant region, gurantees the linearity of the torque, and is easily implemented. These attractive are verified through the experiment.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

The conventional hysterysis band DTC(Direct Torque Control) strategy have relatively high torque ripple at low speed and variable switching frequency according to motor speed even though it provides a fast torque response with very simple scheme consisted with only two hysteresis band comparators and a switching table for torque and flux control. In this paper, author proposed a new DTC scheme based on the torque slope and reference voltage control. The new scheme can maintain the minimized torque ripple and constant switching frequency. Experimental tests carried out with an 1.5kW induction motor drive system show improved dynamic characteristics and prove the feasibility of proposed strategy.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2019

Spin orbit torque would be applied as the next generation of MRAM, so many researchers are interested in related field. To make a more efficient device, electric current should convert into spin current with high efficiency. Moreover, it becomes important to measure efficiency of spin orbit torque accurately. We measured spin torque FMR of W/CoFeB hetero structure system with direct current. The efficiencies of the damping like torque and field like torque were measured by using the linewidth and on-resonance field proportional to direct current. In addition, we analyzed that a quadratic shift of the on-response field was caused by the Joule heating.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.723-735
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• 2019

The power-train is the most important component of an agricultural tractor. In this study, the strength of the driving gear transmission of an 82 kW-class tractor was analyzed using equivalent torque during plow tillage. The load measurement system consisted of an engine revolution speed sensor, torque-meters, revolution speed sensors for four axles, and pressure sensors for two hydraulic pumps. The load data were measured during plow tillage for four speed stages: F2 (2.78 km/h), F5 (5.35 km/h), F7 (7.98 km/h), and F8 (9.75 km/h). Aspects of the gear-strength such as bending stress, contact stress, and safety factors were analyzed under two torque conditions: the equivalent torque at the highest plow load for the F8 speed stage and the maximum engine torque. The simulation results using KISSsoft showed that the maximum engine torque conditions had a lower safety factor than did the highest equivalent torque condition. The bending safety factors were > 1 at all gear stages, indicating that gear breakage did not occur under actual measured operating conditions, nor under the maximum torque conditions. However, the equivalent torque condition in the contact stress safety factor was > 1, and the maximum torque condition was < 1 at the first gear pair. The method of analysis using the equivalent torque showed lower stress and higher safety factor than did the method using maximum torque. Therefore, when designing a tractor by applying actual working torque, equivalent torque method would support more reliable product development.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated use of an implant handpiece under an implant placement torque (35 Ncm) and overloading torque condition (50 Ncm) on an output torque. Materials and Methods. Two types of implant handpiece systems (Surgicpro/X-DSG20L [NSK, Kanuma, Japan] and SIP20/CRB46LN [SAESHIN, Daegu, South Korea]) were used. The output torque was measured using a digital torque gauge. The height and angle (x, y, and z axes) of the digital torque gauge and implant handpiece were adjusted through a jig for passive connection. The experiment was conducted under the setting torque value of 35 Ncm (implant placement torque) and 50 Ncm (overloading torque condition) and 30 times per set; a total of 5 sets were performed (N = 150). For statistical analysis, the difference between the groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Friedman test was used to confirm the change in output torque (α=.05). Results. NSK and SAESHIN implant handpieces showed significant differences in output torque results at the setting torques of 35 Ncm and 50 Ncm (P<.001). The type of implant handpiece and repeated use influenced the output torque (P<.001). Conclusion. There may be a difference between the setting torque and actual output torque due to repeated use, and the implant handpiece should be managed and repaired during long-term use. In addition, for successful implant results in dental clinics, the output torque of the implant handpiece system should be checked before implant placement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2004

The purpose of engine control TCS is to regulate engine torque to keep driven wheel slip in a desired range. In this paper, engine control TCS using sliding mode control law based on engine model and estimated load torque is proposed. This system includes a two-level controller. Slip controller calculates desired wheel torque, and engine torque controller determines throttle angle for engine torque corresponding to desired wheel torque. Another issue is to measure load torque for model based controller design. Luenberger observer with state variables of load torque and engine speed solves this problem as estimating load torque. The performance of controller and observer is certificated by simulation using 8-degree vehicle model, Pacejka tire model, and 2-state engine model. The simulation results in various maneuvers during slippery and split road conditions showed that acceleration performance and ability of the vehicle with TCS is improved. Also, the load torque observer could estimate real load torque very well, so its performance was proved.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2014

The torque ripple of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is the main disadvantage that limits the industrial application of these motors. Although several methods for smooth-toque operation (STO) have been proposed, STO works well only within a certain torque and speed range because of the constraints of the supply voltage and peak current. Based on previous work that sought to expand the STO range, a scheme is developed in this study to determine the maximum smooth torque range at each speed. The relationship between the maximum smooth torque and speed is defined as the smooth torque speed characteristics (STSC), a concept similar to torque speed characteristics (TSC). STSC can be utilized to evaluate torque utilization by comparing it with TSC. Thus, the concept benefits the special design of SRMs, especially for the generation of smooth torque. Furthermore, the torque sharing function (TSF) derived from the proposed method can be applied to STO, which produces a higher smooth torque over a wider speed range in contrast to four typical TSFs. TSimulation and experimental results verify the proposed method.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Since a demand for an extensive range of earthmoving equipment like a hydraulic excavator with a capacity of 85tons has been asked in construction fields, a performance of its track drive unit has to be verified experimentally. Among the verification of the performances, a torque measurement is at issue, in which a torque meter is utilized widely. However, the very large scaled torque meter is necessary when a discharged torque from the track drive unit is increased significantly. In addition, the price for experimental set-up of a torque meter is too high due to its limitation of the geometry such as long length, and a break down in operation occurs frequently. In this study, to measure a high torque up to 200,000Nm, a new technique was proposed as an alternative of conventional measurement by using a torque meter. The new technique enables to measure the high torque stably in a compact space via a torque arm and two load cells. The experimental results showed a propriety of the proposed torque measuring technique for a track drive unit with very large capacity.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2205-2212
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• 2005

In this paper, the cutting torque of a CNC machine tool during machining is monitored through the internet. To estimate the cutting torque precisely, the spindle driving system is divided into two parts: electrical induction motor part and mechanical part. A magnetized current is calculated from the measured three-phase stator currents and used for the total torque estimation generated by a spindle motor. Slip angular velocity is calculated from the magnetized current directly, which gets rid of the necessity of a spindle speed sensor. Since the frictional torque changes according to the cutting torque and the spindle rotational speed, an experiment is adopted to obtain the frictional torque as a function of the cutting torque and the spindle rotation speed. Then the cutting torque can be calculated by solving a $2^{nd}$ order difference equation at a given cutting condition. A graphical programming method is used to implement the torque monitoring system developed in this study to the computer and at the same time monitor the torque of the spindle motor in real time through the internet. The cutting torque of the CNC lathe is estimated well within an about $3\%$ error range in average in various cutting conditions.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.419-432
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• 2010

현재 임상적으로 여러 형태의 토크 조절기가 사용되고 있고, 토크 조절기에 따라 오차율이 다양하게 보고되고 있는데 제조회사에서 권장하는 적절한 조임력으로 나사가 조여지지 않을 경우 나사 풀림과 이에 따른 파절이 발생하여 결과적으로 보철물과 임플란트 매식체에 합병증이 야기될 수 있으므로 토크 조절기의 정확성이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 일정 토크 수준이 넘으면 핸들의 앞 부위가 꺾여지도록 만들어진 토크 최대값 제한 장치(TLD, torque limiting device), 눈금자가 표시되어 있는 활 형태로 조임력의 크기를 조절할 수 있는 토크 표시 장치(TID, torque indicating device), 콘트라앵글 핸드피스 형태에 조임력의 크기를 조절하거나 이미 정해진 조절기를 끼워서 사용하는 콘트라앵글 토크 조절장치(CA, contraangle torque device), 기계적인 토크 발생장치를 이용하여 적정 회전력을 가하는 전자 토크 조절기(ETC, electronic torque controller)등 네 종류의 토크 조절기를 이용하여 제조회사의 지시대로 나사를 조인 후 풀림 토크값을 측정하고 각각의 차이값을 구하여 토크 조절기의 정확도를 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. 콘트라앵글 토크 조절장치(CA)가 가장 측정값에 근접한 결과를 보였으며 토크 최대값 제한 장치(TLD)를 제외한 나머지 세 종류의 토크 조절기의 정확도는 서로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않지만, 토크 최대값 제한 장치(TLD) 의 경우 유의하게 낮은 정밀성을 보였으므로 이는 토크 부여 시 회전 속도에 따른 오차발생 가능성을 보여준다. 토크 표시 장치 (TID), 콘트라앵글 토크 조절장치 (CA) 와 같은 수동 토크 조절기는는 전자식 토크 조절기와 오차 범위 내에서의 유사한 정밀성을 보여주고 있으며 이는 임상에서 보다 주의 깊게 장치를 사용한다면 효과적인 전하중 부여가 가능함을 의미한다.