• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2002

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of molasses in ensiling cassava and Gliricidia tops, common crop residues in the farming systems of Vietnam. Four levels of sugarcane molasses: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg per tonne of fresh material, and two storage periods (2 and 4 months) for each of the two plant species: Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium, Jacq.) were allocated in a 4${\times}$2 factorial completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. A total of 48 plastic bags, each one containing 10 kg herbage were used. Based on the colour, smell and mold appearance, all the silages were considered to be acceptable but with more spoiled silages with higher levels of additives. DM of herbages (25.8% and 22.4% in cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively) were not changed during ensiling and the molasses additive had no significant effect on the silage DM. Contents of CP and NDF in the cassava tops silage decreased significantly with increased level of molasses and storage period, respectively. The mean pH values of non-molasses silages were 4.39 in cassava tops and 4.60 in Gliricidia tops. Increased additive levels significantly reduced silage pH in Gliricidia (p<0.01) but not in cassava tops silage (p=0.10). Longer storage period significantly reduced pH in both silages. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of cassava tops and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 90 and 80%, respectively, after ensiling. Molasses addition increased significantly the silage WSC concentrations. HCN contents in the fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 68 and 43%, respectively, after 2 months ensiling, and were continuously reduced during storage. A reduction of 25% and 42% in the tannin content of fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively was found after ensiling. Storage time and molasses additive had little affect on the tannin content. Silage lactic acid concentrations were around 1,0% of DM in cassava and 1.7% of DM in Gliricidia top silages, and no effect of molasses additive and storage time was found. It is concluded that cassava and Gliricidia tops residues can be preserved successfully by ensiling, and only low levels of molasses additive are needed to improve silage fermentation.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2014

전통적인 스캔모드는 과거 Envisat이나 Radarsat 위성 등에서 사용되면서 환경 감시 및 관측 분야에 높은 효율성을 지닌 영상 획득을 수행하였으나 해상도의 저하 및 안테나 패턴의 왜곡으로 인해 영상 품질 저하 문제가 지적되어왔다. 최근 이러한 스캔 모드 영상의 단점을 극복하기 위한 새로운 운용 모드로서 TOPS SAR 기법이 제안되어 운용단계에 접어들었다. TOPS 모드는 단일 위성에서 높은 품질의 광역 관측 레이더 영상을 제공하지만 이를 실제로 구현하기 위해서는 매우 복잡한 시스템 설계 능력이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 TOPS 모드의 원리에 대해 소개하고, 모의 실험을 통하여 TOPS 모드의 동작을 구현한다. SAR 원시데이터를 가상으로 생성한 후 방위방향 안테나 패턴을 스캔 모드와 비교하여 TOPS 모드에서 스캔모드의 단점인 영상 품질 왜곡이 억제됨을 보인다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 광역 관측을 위하여 새롭게 제안되고 있는 TOPS SAR 운용기법에 대한 모드 설계 및 성능 분석을 수행하였다. TOPS 모드는 기존 ScanSAR 모드의 단점인 scalloping을 개선하기 위하여 새롭게 제안된 모드로서, SAR 진행방향으로 안테나 빔을 조향하면서 영상 데이터를 획득하는 새로운 SAR 영상 획득 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 TOPS 모드에 대한 기술적 운용 개념을 소개하고, SAR 운용 변수를 추출하기 위한 모드 설계 결과를 제시한다. 또한 설계된 모드 변수를 이용하여 SAR 주요 성능인 IRF, NESZ, 및 DTAR을 분석하여 제시한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Four male crossbred beef steers about 2 years old were used in a 4$\{times}$4 Latin square design to investigate the effect of pelleted sugarcane tops on voluntary feed intake, rumen fermentation and digestibility of nutrients. Experimental treatments were; Control (dried-chopped sugarcane tops (DCST)); PS1 (Pelleted sugarcane tops at 1 cm of diameter); PS2 (Pelleted sugarcane tops at 2 cm of diameter) and PS3 (Pelleted sugarcane tops at 3 cm of diameter). Roughage intake and total dry matter intake were 1.59, 1.62, 1.61, 1.63% BW and 2.09, 2.12, 2.11 and 2.13% BW in control, PS1, PS2 and PS3 treatments, respectively (p<0.05). Digestibility of DM, OM and CP were similar in control and PS3 treatment but there was significant difference (p<0.05) between control and PS1, PS2 treatments. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 52.89, 50.01, 50.05 and 50.56% and 41.91, 39.96, 39.91 and 39.69% in control, PS1, PS2 and PS3, respectively (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids concentrations in rumen contents was 67.68, 65.93, 66.15 and 66.67 mM in control, PS1, PS2 and PS3, respectively (p<0.05). Even though, concentrations of acetate and butyrate (%) were significant different (p<0.05) but concentration of propionate (%) was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and plasma urea nitrogen were significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments. From this experiment, it was found that dried-chopped sugarcane tops increased digestibility of nutrients whereas pelleted sugarcane tops increased feed intake in beef cattle. However, pelleted sugarcane tops at 3 cm of diameter did similar result in digestibility and rumen parameters with DCST. Therefore, it could be concluded that pelleting sugarcane top is an alternative way to improve the quality of sugarcane tops for use as ruminant roughage source.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2004

This paper reports the effects of bleaching of alpaca tops and dyeing of bleached alpaca tops/yarns on the quality of tops and yarns. A dark brown alpaca top was bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Two bleaching methods were tried for effectiveness of color removal. A portion of each bleached top was dyed after bleaching. Color parameters were examined for unbleached, bleached and bleached/dyed tops, these tops were then converted into yarns of different twist levels and counts using a worsted spinning system. Some of the bleached yarn from each bleaching method was dyed in a package dye vat to compare the difference of top dyeing versus yarn package dyeing on yarn quality. Fiber diameter, yarn strength, yarn evenness, yarn hairiness and fiber degradation were tested to examine the effects of bleaching and dyeing on these properties at top and yarn stages. A processing route for bleaching and dyeing alpaca fiber was recommended.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_1호
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• pp.1143-1153
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• 2018

TOPS InSAR 처리를 위해서는 고정밀도의 영상정합이 요구된다. Sentinel-1 TOPS 모드영상에 교차상관 영상정합, 기하정합, Spectral Diversity 정합에 기반 한 Enhanced Spectral Diversity 정합 알고리즘 성능 비교분석을 통해 TOPS모드에 적합한 영상정합 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 25개의 Sentinel-1 TOPS 영상으로부터 생성된 23개의 간섭쌍을 이용하여, 교차상관정합(CC), 기하보정(GC1), 기하보정 후 교차상관정합(GC2, GC3, GC4) 그리고 ESD를 이용한 정합(ESD_GC, ESD_1, ESD_2) 총 8가지 방법을 적용하였다. 교차상관정합과 기하정합에 따른 azimuth 방향 정합오차를 평균한 결과는 각각 0.0041 화소, 0.0016 화소이다. 비록 ESD 방법은 azimuth 정합오차가 0.0005 화소 이하로 가장 정확한 결과를 보이지만, 기하정합 결과는 추가적인 교차상관정합을 통한 반복 과정을 통해 0.001 화소 정도로 오차가 감소하였다. ESD 방법은 burst 중첩지역의 긴밀도가 낮은 경우 적용이 불가능하다. 따라서 반복 적용을 통한 기하정합 방법은 다수의 SAR 자료를 이용한 시계열 분석 또는 긴 시간간격을 갖는 간섭도 생성을 위해서 적합한 대안이 된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to provide compression wear manufacture brands with information needed for product development. 8 tops and 7 bottoms from widely recognized compression wear manufacture brands were selected, and their product structural elements were analyzed, too. The results showed that most compression wear designs were applications of cutting lines designed considering muscle movements of the human body. The average number of cutting lines for patterns and designs were 14 for tops and 15 for bottoms. Different colored material was mainly used on the top for areas that require ventilation or high movement during sports for tops, and for areas that require muscle and joint support during sports for bottoms. The functionality of top materials were found to be stretch, muscle support, moisture absorption and high speed drying, warmth and ventilation for tops, in order of frequency, and stretch, muscle support, moisture absorption and high speed drying, and pressure for bottoms, in order of frequency. Tops were cut in the direction of the lengthwise grain, and bottoms were not only cut in the direction of the lengthwise grain, but also in the direction of the crosswise grain and bias for many products. Tops consisted of an average of 13 organically connected panels, and bottoms consisted of an average of 18 organically connected panels, which was analyzed to improve functionality. The average clothing surface area stretch rate was 85.7% for tops and 70.0% for bottoms, indicating that bottoms were designed to have higher strain rates compared to tops.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2001

Two experiments on the effects of molasses additive on cassava tops silage quality to its feed intake and digestibility by growing Holstein$\times$local crossbred heifers were carried out. Sixteen plastic bags of one meter diameter and two meters length were allocated in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with four replicates in the ensiling study, with and without the molasses additive and with two storage times (2 and 3 months). The silage produced in the first experiment was used in the feed intake and digestibility study. Six crossbred Holstein heifers, 160-180 kg live weight, were randomly allocated in a $3{\times}2$ change-over design to three treatments: Guinea grass ad libitum, 70% of grass ad libitum with a supplement of non-molasses cassava silage ad libitum, and 70% of grass ad libitum with a supplement of molasses cassava silage ad libitum. Ensiling was shown to be a satisfactory method for preservation of cassava tops. The HCN content was significantly reduced from $840mg\;kg^{-1}$ to 300 or $130mg\;kg^{-1}$, depending on storage period. The tannin content was not significantly changed. Molasses additive resulted in lower pH, Crude Protein (CP), NDF and higher DM content but did not otherwise affect chemical composition. The voluntary feed intake per 100 kg live weight of the heifers was 2.59, 2.65 and 2.91 kg DM of Guinea grass, non-molasses cassava tops silage and molasses cassava tops silage diet, respectively. Crude protein intake was significantly improved in the cassava tops silage diets. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF decreased with the silage supplement diets. No significant difference in digestibility was found between the non-molasses and molasses silage diets. The digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF in non-molasses cassava tops silage and molasses cassava tops silage was 49.4, 52.1, 45.81, 36.6, 27.7 and 49.7, 51.9, 47.55, 28.1, 19.5, respectively. It is concluded that cassava tops can be preserved successfully by ensiling and that cassava tops silage is a good feed resource for cattle.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.567-580
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• 1995

전이중심 객체 지향 프로그래밍 시스템(Transition-based Object-oriented Programming System,(TOPS)은 다양한 병행 시스템의 신속한 개발에 적합한 상태 전이에 입각한 객체지향 시스템이다.TOPS는 상호 작용하는 구조적 능동 객체 (Structural Active Object,SAO)들로 구성되며 그들의 능동적인 동작은 클래스 정의에서 전이문장에 의해 정의도니다.또한 SAO들은 하드웨어 소자들과 같이 그들의 구성SAO들을 구조적이고 계층적으로 구성함으로써 정의 될수 있다.이러한 SAO들느 회로 시뮬레이션을 위한 능동 하드웨어 소자들을 기존의 객체지행 프로그래밍의 수동 객체들에 비해 자연스럽게 모델링 할 수 있다.또한,상속 기능을 통해 새로운 소자들을 쉽게 만들수도 있다.전이 문장들의 수행은 사건 또는 시간 중심 방식을 취할수 있기 때문에 디지탈 ,아날로그 및 혼합모드 시뮬레이션을 적합하다.그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 지원하는 디지탈,아날로그 그리고 혼합모드 시뮬레이션 프로그램들을 TOPS방식으로 작성하여 그 적합성을 보였다.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-190
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 스포츠수행전략(TOPS) 척도를 지체장애 엘리트선수에게 적용이 가능토록, Rasch 평정척도모형을 적용하여 문항의 적합성을 검증하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 지체장애 엘리트선수 215명을 대상으로 5요인 24문항으로 구성되어있는 TOPS 척도에 응답토록 하였고, 일차원성 가정은 PCAR 검증을 통해서, 문항의 적합성은 WINSTEPS 3.65 프로그램을 통하여 검증하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 문항의 응답범주는 문제가 있는 것으로 나타나, 기존 5점 범주 대신 3점 범주로 수정이 필요하다. 둘째, 문항적합성을 분석한 결과 21문항은 적합한 것으로 나타났지만, 3문항은 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, TOPS 척도의 문항 신뢰도는 수용이 가능했지만, 응답자 신뢰도는 낮게 나타나, 문항 곤란도를 고려한 문항 순서의 조정이 필요하였다. 넷째, 개인 속성점수와 곤란도를 Item-Person Map을 통해 비교한 결과, 혼잣말 요인을 제외한 나머지 요인들에서 개인 속성점수 분포에 비해 문항 곤란도 분포가 편향되어 있는 것으로 나타내었다. 따라서 후속 연구에서 지체장애 엘리트선수의 TOPS를 적용하기 위해서는 문항의 배열을 곤란도가 낮은 문항에서 높은 문항 순으로 조정하고, 응답범주는 3점 범주로 설정, 아울러 곤란도를 고려한 추가문항을 개발하는 것이 타당한 결과를 산출할 수 있을 것이다.