• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.14
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus epidemic, which was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. The World Health Organization has recorded around 43.3 billion cases and 59.4 million casualties to date, posing a severe threat to global health. Severe COVID-19 indicates viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can induce fatal consequences, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this research is to better understand the COVID-19 and ARDS pathways, as well as to find targeted single nucleotide polymorphism. To accomplish this, we retrieved over 100 patients' samples from the Sequence Read Archive, National Center for Biotechnology Information. These sequences were processed through the Galaxy server next generation sequencing pipeline for variant analysis and then visualized in the Integrative Genomics Viewer, and performed statistical analysis using t-tests and Bonferroni correction, where six major genes were identified as DNAH7, CLUAP1, PPA2, PAPSS1, TLR4, and IFITM3. Furthermore, a complete understanding of the genomes of COVID-19-related ARDS will aid in the early identification and treatment of target proteins. Finally, the discovery of novel therapeutics based on discovered proteins can assist to slow the progression of ARDS and lower fatality rates.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) are highly conserved structural motifs that are recognized by Pathogen Recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate immune responses. Infection by these pathogens and the immune response to PAMPS such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Peptidoglycan (PGN), bacterial oligodeoxynucleotides [CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 2006 (CpG ODN2006) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 2216 (CpG ODN2216)], and viral RNA Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid (Poly I:C), are associated with infectious and metabolic diseases in animals impacting health and production. It is established that PAMPs mediate the production of cytokines by binding to PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) on immune cells. Galectins (Gal) are carbohydrate-binding proteins that when expressed play essential roles in the resolution of infectious and metabolic diseases. Thus it is important to determine if the expression of galectin gene (LGALS) and Gal secretion in blood are affected by exposure to LPS and PGN, PolyI:C and bacterial CpG ODNs. LPS increased transcription of LGALS4 and 12 (2.5 and 2.02 folds respectively) and decreased secretion of Gal 4 (p < 0.05). PGN increased transcription of LGALS-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -12 (3.0, 2.3, 2.0, 4.1, 3.3, and 2.4 folds respectively) and secretion of Gal-8 and Gal-9 (p < 0.05). Poly I:C tended to increase the transcription of LGALS1, LGALS4, and LGALS8 (1.78, 1.88, and 1.73 folds respectively). Secretion of Gal-1, -3, -8 and nine were significantly increased in treated samples compared to control (p < 0.05). CpG ODN2006 did not cause any significant fold changes in LGALS transcription (FC < 2) but increased secretion of Gal-1, and-3 (p < 0.05) in plasma compared to control. Gal-4 was however reduced in plasma (p < 0.05). CpG ODN2216 increased transcription of LGALS1 and LGALS3 (3.8 and 1.6 folds respectively), but reduced LGALS2, LGALS4, LGALS7, and LGALS12 (-1.9, -2.0, -2.0 and; -2.7 folds respectively). Secretion of Gal-2 and -3 in plasma was increased compared to control (p < 0.05). Gal-4 secretion was reduced in plasma (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that PAMPs differentially modulate galectin transcription and translation of galectins in cow blood.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 1998

대표적인 기호성 음료인 차의 발효정도에 따른 분류인 무발효차, 반발효차 및 발효차중 녹차, 우롱차 및 홍차, 그리고 녹차의 채엽 시기별에 따른 분류인 녹차 1번차, 녹차 2번차 및 녹차 3번차 등을 에탄올, 메탄올, 에틸아세테이트를 추출용매로 사용하여 얻은 각 추출물의 용매별 추출수율과 카테킨류 함량 분석 및 용매별 추출물의 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 용매별 추출수율은 MeOH이 EtOH 및 EtAc 에 비하여 녹차류는 3~5배, 우롱차는 4~5배, 홍차는 5~7배 씩 각각 놓았다. 추출용매의 종류에 따른 총카테킨류 % 함량은 조카테킨이 EtOH 및 MeOH 추출물에 비해 홍차는 3배 , 녹차 및 우롱차는 2배정도 높은 것으로 EtOH이나 MeOH로 추출하는 것보다는 물추출물을 다시 에틸아세테이트로 추출·분리정제하여 얻은 조카테킨의 경우가 순도가 매우 높은 EC, EGC, ECG 및 EGCG를 얻을수 있었다. 용매별추출물을 200, 500, 1000ppm씩 기질대두유에첨가하여 항산화효과를 측정시 EtOH 추출물, MeOH 추출물, EtAc 추출물 모두가 기존의 항산화제인 BHT, dl-α-tocopherol보다 좋은 항산화효과를 보였으며, 첨가량이 많을 수혹 항산화효과가 증가하였다. 또한 EtOH 추출물을 200 및 5000ppm, MeOH 추출물을 200 및 500ppm , EtAc ncnfanf을 200ppmTlr 각각 첨가시의 항산화효과는 녹차I >녹차II>녹차 III> 우롱차>홍차의 순이었으며, 이때 항산화효과는 네가지 카테킨류 성분인 EGC 함량이 많을수록 비례하여 컸다. 그러나 , MeOH 추출물을 1000ppm, EtAc 추출물을 500 및 1,000 ppm씩 각각 첨가시의 항산화 효과는 카테킨류 성분인 EGC 및 EGCG 함량의 영향을 받지 않았다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2011

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are currently being evaluated as a novel strategy for tumor vaccination and immunotherapy. However, inducing long-term regression in established tumor-implanted mice is difficult. Here, we show that deoxypohophyllotoxin (DPT) induces maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived DCs via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation of MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$. Methods: The phenotypic and functional maturation of DPT-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. DPT-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity and for tumor regression against melanoma. Results: DPT promoted the activation of $CD8^+$ T cells and the Th1 immune response by inducing IL-12 production in DCs. In a B16F10 melanoma-implanted mouse model, we demonstrated that DPT-treated DCs (DPT-DCs) enhance immune priming and regression of an established tumor in vivo. Furthermore, migration of DPT-DCs to the draining lymph nodes was induced via CCR7 upregulation. Mice that received DPT-DCs displayed enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which was associated with increased IFN-${\gamma}$ production and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that the adjuvant effect of DPT in DC vaccination is associated with the polarization of T effector cells toward a Th1 phenotype and provides a potential therapeutic antitumor immunity.