• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.24_2
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• pp.165-196
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• 2015

This research starts based on the purpose to investigate the evolution and nature of 48 divinity depends on Gu-Cheon-EungWon-Nweh-Seong-Bo-Hwa-Cheon-Jon(九天應元雷聲普化天尊, Highest ruling Entity and Majesty of Heaven by lightning and thunder raising and ruling all the universe which response to the Supreme) as well as to look at the iconography of that. Ogchugyeong(玉樞經) still exercise enormous influence on Korean folk belief neither in the late Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese colonial period nor till now. The reason for authority of Ogchugyeong(玉樞經) is because Ogchugyeong(玉樞經) was the sutras of being used in the original royal families 48 divinity depends on Gu-Cheon-Eung-Won-Nweh-Seong-Bo-Hwa-Cheon-Jon which appears in Ogchugyeong(玉樞經) is created in Korea. 48 divinity is finally approved at 1888, after it started from 41 at the beginning of the deity general theory(神將論) through developing 47. The figure of 48 seems the result of the syncretism with 48 wishes of Buddhism. Okuchugyong was originally China Taoist scripture, but Okuchugyong entered Korea and reproduced a different look. In China Okuchugyong has two volumes and 44 stature of the deity general(神將) but in Korea Okuchugyong changed to have three volumes and 48 stature.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2281-2287
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• 2013

Network Coding(NC) is a new paradigm for network communication. In network coding, intermediate nodes create new packets by algebraically combining ingress packets and send it to its neighbor node by broadcast manner. Network Coding has rapidly emerged as a major research area in information theory due to its wide applicability to communication through real networks. Network coding is expected to improve throughput and channel efficiency in the wireless multi-hop network. Prior researches have been carried out to employ network coding to wireless ad-hoc network. In our study, intermediate nodes identify one-hop bidirectional flows for network coding decision. We expect that the proposed scheme shall improve decoding success rate of network coded packet. From the simulation, the proposed network coding scheme achieved better performance in terms of coding gain and packet delivery rate than traditional network coding scheme.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

The most important mission of RFID reader is identify EPC (Electronic Product Code) of RFID tag of products that located within distinguishable range of RFID reader. RFID reader transmits query message to RFID tags through wireless channel and RFID tags send unique EPC to response its query message simultaneously. therefore tag collision occurred frequently. RFID tags collision resolution algorithm required to apply RFID technology to various industries. In this paper, we propose enhanced M-ary algorithm that collision bits location is used by not only RFID reader but also tags. the main feature of the proposed algorithm is that integrate multiple query message of M-ary QT algorithm to the single query message by analyze multiple response messages from tags. the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm give better performance than M-ary QT algorithm in terms of the number of query-response, identification efficiency and communication overhead.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2018

In this paper, we can confirm the result of intuitive interface software implementation for operating a digital PA(Public Address) controller and the performance of audio mixer control part. Developed user interface software provides the maintaining management and control function of digital hybrid mixer. This SW loaded in the integrated control server controls an sound status of the audio mixer TAD-168M and checks the device status for Public Address integrated system. Also, this SW enables the integrated control and the continuous upgrade. Developed SW is connected to TAD-168M with Ethernet and linked to PC Lan port and the 4-port switch, located in the backside of TAD-168M, by LAN cable for communicating with operating PC. Integrated control including system management, audio control and uplink broadcasting control for broadcasting system will be made available with this novel developed system.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2009

The purpose of this study to analysis the response pattern of the constructive instruction model that reflect constructivism learning theory for change on 6 science concepts. Specially, this study analyzes the constructive instruction model's effect among 3, 4, 5 years old and explain to the 6 scientific concepts that change from false response to correct response. The subjects are 34 public institution children who located in the Jinju city and was need to explain the scientific concepts. For the response pattern analysis of the this study is using scientific conceptual task on the function of ear and blood, the reason of thunder, typhoon, evaporation and ship's flotage. Conclusions that appear through result of constructivism activities effect on change of six scientific concepts and the constructive instruction's effect is more 5 year old than 3, 4 years old age.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.131-138
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• 2008

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) refer to autonomous networks in which wireless data communications are established between multiple nodes in a given coverage area without a base station or centralized administration. Because of node mobility and limited battery life, the network topology may changes frequently. Selecting the most reliable path during route discovery process is important to improve performance in ad hoc networks. In this paper, an enhanced routing protocol based on AODV(Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing) by monitoring variation of receiving signal strength is proposed. New metric function that consists of node mobility and hops of path is used for routing decision. For preventing route failure by node movement during data transmission, a new route maintenance named as LRC (Local Route Change) is presented. If the node movement is detected, the routing agent switches path to its neighbor node in LRC. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed routing scheme is superior to previous AODY protocol.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2016

Long-term variations of $PM_{10}$ and the characteristics of local meteorology related to its concentration changes were analyzed at 4 air quality sites (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, Donghong-dong, and Gosan) in Jeju during two different periods, such as PI (2001-2006) and PII (2007-2013), over a 13-year period. Overall, the long-term trend of $PM_{10}$ was very slightly downward during the whole study period, while the high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in PII were observed more frequently than those in PI. The concentration variations of $PM_{10}$ during the study period was clarified in correlation between $PM_{10}$ and meteorological variables, e.g. the low (high) $PM_{10}$ concentration with large (small) precipitation or high (low) radiation and in part high $PM_{10}$ concentrations (especially, Donghong-dong and Gosan) with strong wind speed and the westerly/northwesterly winds. This was likely to be caused by the transport effect (from the polluted regions of China) rather than the contribution of local emission sources. The $PM_{10}$ concentrations in "Asian dust" and "Haze" weather types were higher, whereas those in "Precipitation", "Fog", and "Thunder and Lighting" weather types were lower. The contribution of long-range transport to the observed $PM_{10}$ levels in the urban center (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, and Donghong-dong), if estimated by comparison to the data of the background site (Gosan), was found to explain about 80% (on average) of its input.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.2 s.245
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• pp.120-127
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• 2006

The fatigue behavior of LIPCA was so sensitive to the manufacturing condition, the environmental factors and the change of the test apparatus. Therefore, we could be considering not only the relationship between the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ and actuating frequency but also the relationship between the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ and the total effective moment $(M^E)$. Thus, this study proposed the calculation method of the applying $M^E$ when the $({\Delta}h)$ of LIPCA was increased from 1.mm to 20mm. To estimate the relationship between the total effective moment $(M^E)$ and the Bernoulli-Euler bending moment (M) was reviewed. And the residual stress distribution of LIPCA and THUNDER using the CLT was evaluated. In conclusions, converting the $({\Delta}h)$ of LIPCA to the radius of curvature (p) and calculating the $(M^E)$, it was found that the p by the $M^E$ changed similarly as the $({\Delta}h)$. It was found that the $M^E$ was 2.2 times as the M. While CFRP and PZT of LIPCA, which had the superior compressive characteristic, had the compressive residual stress, GFRP was subject to the tensile residual stress. Since this reversed configuration between the compressive residuals stress and the tensile one was made, the requirement of the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ increase was satisfied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1514-1519
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• 2001

This paper is concerned with design, manufacturing and performance test of LIPCA ( Lightweight Piezo- composite Curved Actuator) using a top carbon fiber composite layer with near -zero CTE(coefficient of thermal expansion), a middle PZT ceramic wafer and a bottom glass/epoxy layer with high CTE. The main point of this design is to replace the heavy metal layers of THUNDER by thigh tweight fiber reinforced plastic layers without losing capabilities to generate high force and large displacement. It is possible to save weight up to about 30% if we replace the metallic backing material by the light fiber composite layer. We can also have design flexibility by selecting the fiber direction and the size of prepreg layers. In addition to the lightweight advantage and design flexibility, the proposed device can be manufactured without adhesive layers when we use epoxy resin prepreg system. Glass/epoxy prepregs, a ceramic wafer with electrode surfaces, and a graphite/epoxy prepreg were simply stacked and cured at an elevated temperature (177 $^{circ}C$ after following an autoclave bagging process. It was found that the manufactured composite laminate device had a sufficient curvature after detached from a flat mold. The analysis method of the cure curvature of LIPCA using the classical lamination theory is presented. The predicted curvatures are fairly in agreement with the experimental ones. In order to investigate the merits of LIPCA, a performance test of both LIPCA and THUNDE$^{TM}$ were conducted under the same boundary conditions. From the experimental actuation tests, it was observed that the developed actuator could generate larger actuation displacement than THUNDERT$^{TM}$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1887-1894
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• 2016

In the RFID system, the reader transmits a query message to tags in order to identify a unique ID of tags within its detection range. The procedures for arbitrating a collision is essential because the multiple tags can response simultaneously in the same to the query of the Reader. This procedure is known as conflict resolution algorithm and it is a key technology in the RFID system. In this paper, we proposed a variable bits M-ary QT algorithm based on Manchester coding techniques. The proposed algorithm use the location information of the collision bits in the reader and tags. The proposed algorithm can reduce the number of the query-response cycle because it is capable of recognizing discontinuous bits and a variable number of bits. From computer simulation, the proposed method give better performance than the conventional M-ary QT techniques in terms of response, recognition efficiency, communication overhead.