• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.427-431
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• 2002

Lateral roots of soybean sprout might reduce the quality. The study was done to measure the effect of light quality treated during 24 hour imbibition or 6 day culture on growth and development of soybean sprouts on the 6th day after culture. With the soybean seeds imbibed in 4 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution for last 6 hours of the imbibition, blue and red lights were treated during the imbibition, but during 6 day culture, blue and red or far-red light treatments were done for 50 minutes or 5 hours a day, respectively, the periods taking for their cotyledons to turn green color, On the 6th day after culture, the soybean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length;＞7cm, 4 to 7cm, ＜4cm and non-germination, and their lateral roots, hypocotyl diameters and fraction dry weights were measured. Blue and red lights treated during the imbibition completely blocked lateral root formation regardless of the lights treated during the culture, and showed nearly the same rate of hypocotyls of longer than 4cm. The period of each light treatment forced during the culture did not influence the growth of soybean sprouts. far-red light treated for 5 hours everyday, however, had the least rate of seed germination and hypocotyls of longer than 7cm of the light quality treatments. In addition, red and far-red lights almost equally having the commercial soybean sprouts of longer than 4cm hypocotyls move elongated and selenderized than blue light and dark treatment, meaning the growth and morphology of soybean sprouts was affected by light treatments during the culture.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2010

The evaporative desalination system with solar energy would be the efficient and attractive method to get fresh water. This study was described the development of Multi Effect Distillation(MED) with solar energy desalination system. The system was designed and manufactured Multi effect distillation on the capacity of $3m^3$/day. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of ejector pump, Hot water pump, flow meter, demister, cooler, evaporator and condenser. Evaporator and condenser were made Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger type with corrugated tube. The experimental variables were chosen $75^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature, 40, 60 and $80{\ell}$/min for hot water inlet volume flow rate, 6.0 and $8.0{\ell}$/min for evaporator feed seawater flow rate, $18^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to cover the average sea water temperature and the salinity of sea water is measured about 33,000 PPM (parts per million). for a year in Korea. This study was analyzed the results of thermal performance of Multi Effect Distillation. The results are as follows, The experimental Multi effect distillation is required about 40 kW heat source for production of $3m^3$/day fresh water. Various operating flow rate was confirm in the experiments to get the optimum design data and the results showed that the optimum total flow was $8.0{\ell}$/min. Comparison of Single Effect Distillation with Multi Effect Distillation showed MED is at least more than double of SED.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 1994

The experiments were canied out to investigate the toxicological characteristics of Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) such as chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide against the various stages of instars of fall webwom (Hyphantrio cuneo Dmy) and nce stem borer (Chiio suppressaiis Walker). In fall webwom, the tolerance ratio m) with the 2nd-6th instars, as cornpared with LCso of the 1st instar, ranged 107-358, 1.13-6.06, 1.02-3.23 and 1.05- 6.64, respectively. In the rice stern borer, the TR of the 3rd instar, as compared with LCso of the 1st instar, to chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen and tebufenoz~de were 2.86, 260, 19.80 and 15.30, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-163
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• 2000

The mineralogy and chemical composition of reddish to brownish yellow residual soils, so called "Hwangto" have been examined according to representative host rocks. The result of the study indicates that Hwangto consists of 40-80% clay minerals and various minerals such as quartz, feldspar, hornblende, goethite, and gibbsite. Clay minerals include kaolinite, halloysite, illite, hydroxy interlayered vermiculite (HIV), mica/vermiculite interstratifield mineral and chlorite. The mineralogical constituents and contents of Hwangto were different depending on the types of host rocks. Moreover, the Jurassic granitic rocks contain relatively more kaolin minerals, whereas the Cretaceous granitic rocks contain more HIV and illite. In addition, reddish Hwangto contains relatively more kaolinite and HIV, and yellowish Hwangto contains more illite and halloysite. It is suggested that feldspars and micas of host rocks were chemically weathered into illite, halloysite, illite/vermiculite interstratified minerals, and HIV, and finally into kaolinite. Compared with their host rocks, the major chemical compositions of Hwangto tend to contain more $Al_2O_3,\;Fe_2O_3,\;H_2O$ in amount and less Ca, Mg, and Na. Hwangto contains relatively high amount of trace elements, P, S, Zr, Sr, Ba, Rb, and Ce including considerable amount of Li, V, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Nb, La, Nd, Pb, Th in excess of 10 ppm. Relatively high amount of most trace elements were detected in the Hwangto. The major and minor chemical compositions of the Hwangto were different depending on the types of host rocks. However, their difference was in the similar range compared with the compositions of host rocks.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2001

The Cretaceous granite, andesite and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the northern Pusan area. The present study investigates mineralogical and geochemical charateristics of residual and cultivated soils derived from these rocks. The soils of granite area contain a large amount of quartz relative to clay minerals, whereas the soils of the andesite area contain more clay minerals than quartz. Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals illite hydroxy interlayered vermiculite interstratified mica/vermiculite and chlorite. Kaolin minerals are abundant in paddy soils while illite is abundant in less weathered soils. Si and K are major elements in the soils of granite area while Fe and Al in the soils of andesite area. In all the soils Ca, Mg and Na were generally depleted in comparison to those in parent rocks. Analysis data of trace element show that the enrichment pattern in soils depends on parent rock type with high oncentration of some elements over 100 ppm: Ba and Rb in granite area Zn, Bn, and V in andesite area, and Ba and V in sedimentary rock. In granite area, Rb and Th were greatly enriched in soil than in parent rocks. However, Cr, Ni and Sr commonly decrease, whereas Pb increases in all the soils. Exchangeable cation capacity(CEC) is relatively high in the soils of andesite are including abundant clay minerals. Collective evidences prove that the mineralogical and chemical compositions of soils are strongly dependent on the parent rock type. The mineralogy and chemistry of long cultivated soils are not significantly different from those of residual soils.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

To determine the effect of air pollutants in Taejon City, we used medical insurance claim data for asthma and the data monitored from telemetry system of Ministry of Environment for air pollutants and meteorological factors. From November 1st, 1997 to October 31th, 1998, 95,629 asthma patients were covered by medical insurance at Taejon City. Subjects were composed of 49,563 males (51.8%) and 46.336 females(48.2%), and among the subjects, the proportion under 15 years old was 62.8% of the total. During the study period, daily mean concentrations of each air pollutants-So2, No2, CO, O3 and TSP-were 9.8 ppb, 17.6 ppm, 1.414 pp, 17.3 ppb and 60.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively, which were lower than each of the environmental recommended exposure levels, Through the simple correlation analysis between each air pollutants and meteorological factors, O3 was positively correlated with temperature, but negatively with relative humidity. TSP, SO2, NO2, CO were negatively correlated with meteorological factors, and these air pollutants except O3 were positively correlated with each other, O3 was correlated with TSP positively but the others negatively. Estimating relative risks of each air pollutant with the baseline general additive model, daily mean concentrations of TSP(Lag 0, 1, 4, 5day) were significantly associated with the increase of the asthma admission. Two age subgroups, under 15 and 15~54 have shown various association of all air pollutants concentration with the asthma admission. However, in case of over 54 age subgroup, only TSP(Lag 0 day) among all air pollutants was associated with the asthma admission. Each of ambient outdoor pollutant concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations were much lower than the environmental recommended exposure levels. Therefore, continuous effort lowering air pollutant concentration and introducing an active environmental conservation policy should be implanted for preventing hazardous health effects. Considering major proportion of asthma admissions, high susceptibility and less confounding factors among the age subgroup under 15 will be a useful target population for assessing such health effect monitoring.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

These studies were carried out to investigate the toxicities of 38 registered insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Insecticide activities were evaluated by testing systemic action and residual effect in the laboratory, and control efficacy in the greenhouse. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration(ppm) of each insecticides. Insect growth regulators (IGRs), only pyriproxyfen showed over 90% of ovicidal effect. The insecticides that showed over 90% of larvicidal activity oil 3rd nymphal instars were abamectin, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos-methyl, imidacloprid, pyripoxyfen, and acetamiprid+ethofenprox. Insecticides with 100% adulticidal activity were abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, benfurcarb, bifenthrin, furathiocarb, endosulfan, fenitrothion, imidacloprid, phenthoate, pymetrozine, acetamiprid + ethofenprox, ethofenprox + diazinon, furathiocarb + difluberlzuron, and triazamate+${\alpha}$-cypermethrin. Abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, and acetamiprid + ethofenpox showed both residual effect and systemic activity. In tile control efficacy test on B. tabaci, 90% control values were obtained at 11th day after treatment of the insecticides including abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyripoxyfen and acetamiprid + ethofenprox. These results indicate that abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid + ethofenprox can be used for tile control of B. tabaci in field.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

Background: The most hazardous wastewater sources in the northern part of the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt; receiving a massive amount of agricultural, industrial, and sewage drainage are Kitchener drain which is one of the tallest drainage systems, and Burullus Lake which represents the 2nd largest Egyptian coastal lake. Results: The current work is to determine the abundance and frequency of cyanophytes, chlorophytes, and bacillariophytes and the correlation between them and environmental abiotic components. Among sixty nine microalgal species, 19 species are belong Cyanophyta, 26 belong Chlorophyta and 24 belong Bacillariophyta. Genus Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta) was the most abundant in the study area (13 species), followed by Genus Oscillatoria (9 species) and Genus Navicula (7 species). Nostoc muscorum and Chlorella vulgaris were the most common and recorded in all sites (100% of the locations) under study. The application of the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis revealed agglomerating of 4 groups (communities) at 4th level of classification and reasonable segregation between these groups. Zinc, cadmium and lead were showed the highest levels (0.26±0.03, 0.26±0.06, and 0.17±0.01 ppm, respectively). Conclusions: The correlation analysis between water and community variables indicated a high negative correlation of total algae richness with nickel (r = -0.936, p < 0.01). Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta were correlated negatively (r = -0.842, p < 0.01). However, Chlorophyta showed a negative richness with each of Ni and Pb (r = -0.965, -0.873, respectively) on one hand and a high positive correlation was revealed (r = 0.964) with all environmental variables on the other hand.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting rural experience by applying the unified push-pull-mooring model. The theoretical model is an unified PPM model that introduces new variables based on PPM. The pull factor of the newly introduced variables were reconstructed based on the Schmitt's Experience model and ServQual model. The hypothesis is set as follows. The push factor will have a negative effect on experience satisfaction and the pull factor(experience attributes, service quality)will have a positive effect on experience satisfaction. Also, mooring factors will have a negative effect on experience satisfaction. The research model of this study was tested by structural equation model based on 314 effective questionnaire data. Service quality had a positive effect on experience satisfaction. Mooring factors have a negative effect on experience satisfaction. Push factor and experience attributes factor were analyzed to have a no significance effect on experience satisfaction. These results theoretically test that the mooring factors also have an important effect on the experience satisfaction in the rural experience. Based on the Schmitt's Experience model and ServQual model introduced as a pull factor, the proposed unified PPM model proved to be a useful analysis framework. In practice, it was able to provide implications on what factors should be strategically and marketingly focused to activate the 6th industry experience.This study examined the impact of start-up education and mentoring on the intentions of business start-up, and verified through empirical analysis whether self-efficacy and resilience were mediated between them. The study surveyed 178 people in their 20s to 50s. The result analysis used the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 Statistical Package Program. The analysis performed a regression analysis for factor analysis, correlation analysis, and hypothesis verification. Empirical Research Results. First, it was confirmed that start-up education and mentoring affect on the intentions of business start-up. Second, study shows self-efficacy and resilience has an affect on the intentions of business start-up. Third, start-up education and mentoring affect on self-efficacy and resilience. Fourth, self-efficacy and resilience have been proven to be mediated when entrepreneurship education and mentoring affect on the intentions of business start-up. The results of the research proved that start-up education and mentoring provides and acts as a major role in improving the entrepreneurs' willingness when preparing a start-up. Furthermore, the study also shows the importance of start-up education and mentoring as a proactive variable to promote their will to start-up business. In addition, it was confirmed that the self-efficacy investigated in the preceding study translated into the will to start a business. It was particularly meaningful in that it tested the role of resilience, which was mainly studied in new variables, education and psychology.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Fluoride released from dental restorative materials effectively declines the incidence and activity of dental caries and inhibits tooth demineralization. This study investigated the fluoride release and uptake characteristics of one composite resin $(Z-250^{TM})$ three glass ionomer-based restorative material ($Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$, Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$) Forty discs(6mm diameter and 1mm height) were prepared for each material. Each disc was immersed in 5ml of distilled water within polyethylene vial and stored at $37^{\circ}C$. The distilled water was changed every 24 hours and the release of fluoride was measured for 31 days. At the end of this period, each specimen was subjected to one of four treatments : (A) no fluoride treatment (control), (B) application of a fluoride dentifrice (500ppm) for three minutes three times; (C) application of the 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) foam for one minute once, (D) the same regimen as (B), plus application of the APF foam for one minute once. Then, all samples were reassessed for an additional 7 days. For all samples, the greatest fluoride release was observed after the first day of the study but diminished with time. On the 7th day of the study, fluoride release level was stabilized. Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ released higher amount of fluoride than other materials ; however, no statistically significant difference was found from Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$. The amount of fluoride of $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ was increased after fluoride treatment, and diminished with time.