• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2086-2092
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• 2013

Two new high-nitrogen energetic compounds $ZTO{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $ZTO(phen){\cdot}H_2O$ have been synthesized (where ZTO = 4,4-azo-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The crystal structure, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy are presented. Compound 1 $ZTO{\cdot}2H_2O$ crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnna and compound 2 $ZTO(phen){\cdot}H_2O$ in the triclinic crystal system with space group P-1. In $ZTO(phen){\cdot}H_2O$, there is intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the -NH group of ZTO molecule (as donor) and N atom of phen molecule (as acceptor). Thermal decomposition process is studied by applying the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo thermogravimetric differential analysis (TG-DTG). The DSC curve shows that there is one exothermic peak in $ZTO{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $ZTO(phen){\cdot}H_2O$, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion ($T_b$) for $ZTO{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $ZTO(phen){\cdot}H_2O$ is $282.21^{\circ}C$ and $195.94^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to establish relationships between chemical and physical parameters of wheat with performance and digestibilities of feed components in broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets. Ninety-four wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolism cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were measured weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, dry matter retention, oil and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. At 28 d the birds were humanely killed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal dry matter, starch and protein digestibility. When wheat parameters were correlated with bird performance data, it was found that specific weight was not significantly (p>0.05) related to bird performance. Bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed were best correlated (p<0.05) with the rate of starch digestion, although the coefficients of correlation (r) were still low (0.246 to 0.523). A negative relationship (p<0.01) between AME and total (r = -0.432) and soluble (r = -0.304) non starch polysaccharide (NSP) was observed in this study. Thousand grain weight (TG) was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.299), LWG (r = 0.343) and gain:feed (r = 0.371). When establishing multiple regression relationships, correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 were achieved for DMI, LWG, gain:feed and ileal crude protein digestibility. However, the economics involved in determining the parameters involved in the regressions make the process impractical.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1998

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with Q-35 at the dose levels of 0, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day by oral gavage from gestation day 17 to lactation period. Effects of the test chemical on general findings, reproductive performance of dams and development of Fl generation were examined. There were no treatment related changes in physical signs, body weight, necropsy findings, organ weights, delivery and nursing behavior. In 100 and 300 mg/fg/day treated groups, the food consumption of dams was decreased significantly during gestational day 19~21. The gestation length of 300 mg/tg/day treated group was increased significantly compared to the control group (22.3 $\pm$0.48 vs 22.0$\pm$0.39). Although the gestational length of all groups were in normal range of the rat, potential effect of the drug could not be ruled out. External anomaly of Fl fetus induced by Q-35 was not detected in any groups. There were no treaoent related changes in physical development, reflex functions, sensory functions, locomotor activity and motor coordinating activity. Estrus cycle, fertility and reproductive performance of Fl were not changed in all treated groups. There was no external abnormality related to the drug administration on the examination of F2. These results suggest that Q-35 has no adverse effect on the peri- and postnatal period in rats except the reduction of food consumption at the beginning of drug administration and the potential effect on the elongation of gestation length.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.529-540
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• 2003

A closed chamber system was used for measuring $N_2$0 fluxes from an agriculturally managed upland soil in Kunsan during the growing season from May to July 2002. It is known that soil is one dominant source of atmospheric $N_2$O, contributing to about 57% (9 Tg y $^{-1}$ ) of the total annual global emission. Hence, its increasing emissions and concentrations are largely associated with agricultural activities. In order to elucidate characteristics of soil nitrogen emissions from intensively managed agricultural soils and to understand the roles of soil parameters (soil moisture, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil nitrogen) in the gas emission, $N_2$O soil emissions were measured at every hour during the experimental period (21 days). Soil $N_2$O fluxes were calculated based on changes of $N_2$O concentrations measured inside a closed chamber at every hour. The analysis of $N_2$O was made by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with Electron Capture Detector). Soil parameters at sampling plots were also analyzed. Monthly averaged $N_2$O fluxes during May, June, and July were 0.14, 0.05, and 0.13 mg-$N_2$O m$^{-2}$ h$^{-1}$ , respectively. Soil temperature and soil pH did not significantly vary over the experimental period; soil temperatures ranged from 12∼$25^{\circ}C$, and soil pH ranged 4.56∼4.75. However, soil moisture varied significantly from 32% to 56% in WFPS. Relationships between soil parameters and $N_2$O fluxes exhibited positive linear relationships. Strong positive correlation ($R^2$ = 0.57, P< 0.0001) was found between $N_2$O flux and sil moisture. It suggests that soil moisture has affected strongly soil $N_2$O emissions during the experimental periods, while other parameters have remained relatively at constant levels. $N_2$O flux from agricultural soils was significant and should be taken account for the national emission inventory.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a butanol fraction of fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche (Ac), and of selenium (Se), on plasma gllucose and lipid levee in streptozotocin (STD-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, fed the AIN-93 recommended diet, were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic control group (no STZ treatment), and four 572-induced diabetic groups which consisted of a diabetic-control group, an Ac-treated group, an Ac-Se treated group, and a Se-treated group. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of Ac was orally administered at a rate of 400 mg/kg body weight for 21 days to both the Ac and Ac-Se groups. The supplementation of selenium in the Se and Ac-Se groups was achieved by adding (freshly, every day) 2 mg of Se as Na$_2$SeO$_3$ per kg of feed. The rats'body weights and hematocrit (Hct) levels were measured, along with plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA). Aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The non-diabetic rats gained weight, while the diabetic rats lost weight - except in the Ac-Se group, which maintained their initial weight. The blood glucose levels of the Ac group and the Se group were significantly lower than for the diabetic-control group. The plasma triglyceride levels were lowered when both Ac and Se were administered to diabetic rats. The concentrations of plasma FFA in the Ac-Se group were significantly lower compared with the diabetic-control group. Plasma cholesterol levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in the Ac, Ac-Se, and Se groups were significantly lower when compared with the diabetic-control group. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the Se group compared to the other diabetic groups. These data show that treatment with a butanol fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. Plasma glucose levels tended to be low when Se was administered to diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels or result in hypolipemic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.331-348
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for nutrition education of the children in a health promoting elementry school. The data was collected by a questionaire of food habits, and anthropometric measurement and biochemical test in comparison with obesity index. The study subjects were boys and girls aged 10 to 12 years who participated in the “99 Children Nutrition Camp”. The average obesity index was 1.7$\pm$21.6% in boys and -11.4$\pm$12.6% in girls. After school, major leisure items were significnatly different by gender but both boys and girls played mainly computer game. In concern for body image and eating habits, girls had more concern and girls had attempted weight control more than boys. 80.2% of subjects had prejudice for special food, especially, all subjects in the severely underweight group had prejudice. But this tendency was significantly decreased with the increasing obesity index. The lowest preferency was for vegetables(64.4%). The tendency of prejudice of subjects was higher whose mother are thirties than those of subjects whose mother are in fourties. The serum GOT and GPT values were significantly higher in overweight and obese group than the other groups. The only serum T-chol was significantly higher in boys than in girls. The number of risk factors related to coronary heart disease(CHD) based on coresponding criteria of TG, T-chol, HDL-chol, and LDL-chol was not increased significantly with the degree of obesity index. The results indicated the need of nutritional management for the children. At a point of view, to educate children early who are able to change food habits and life-styles means to help heathy growth and to deliver up heathy adults. Active nutrition education for both children and mothers will be recommended with joint participation of nutritionists in community public health center and elementary school.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group walking exercise on body composition, blood lipid profiles and psychological factors. Also this study was to examine the satisfaction of walking exercise and characteristics of the exercise behavior among participants. Method: The subjects, aged 30 to 77 years, were 138 participants in a 24-week, group walking exercise. A walking exercise protocol and education was given to the participants, which was to do walking over three times a week and over thirty minutes each time. We compared the participants' body composition (BMI, PBF, BFM, FFM, WHR and VFA), blood lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride), exercise self-efficacy and quality of life before and after group walking excercise. Collected data were analyzed through paired t-test using the SAS program. Results: Mean walking frequency was 11.4 times per month and mean walking time was 71.5 min. BMI, PBF, BFM, WHR, and VFA were significantly decreased. FFM increased significantly (p=.0002). There were significant decreased in TC, LDL-C and TG.. Exercise self-efficacy did not increase significantly, but quality of life increased significantly(p=.0088). Conclusion: Community-Based 24 weeks group walking exercise program had positive effects on body composition, blood lipids and quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was attempted to examine the relationship between hand grip strength and dyslipidemia. and it was analyze the effect of hand grip strength on dyslipidemia and discuss the problems that may occur. Methods: The study focused on 'the National Health and Nutrition Survey's 7th Year 1, 2, and 3 (2016-2018)' as their primary data. Among people who measured dyslipidemia and relative hand grip strength, 12,636 people were selected as the final study after excluding missing values. Frequency analysis, mean analysis, and regression analysis was used to determine dyslipidemia and hand grip strength indices according to the subjects' characteristics study and verify the research hypothesis. Results: Outcomes show that 4,542 (35.9%) of the subjects were dyslipidemia, and when the hand grip strength of the subjects increased by 1kg, Dyslipidemia decreased by 0.217 less. The result of subdivided and analyzed dependent variables presented that every time the hand grip strength increased by 1kg, the L-HDL -C decreased by 0.325 less, but it did not affect H-LDL-C and H-TG. Conclusion: In order to reduce dyslipidemia, it is essential to recognize the necessity of muscular exercise and fulfill it. Focus on health care, such as health conditions, health behavior, and make efforts to participate in health education. If so, it is expected to help reduce the economic burden, such as the treatment of dyslipidemia and improve the quality of life free from mechanical circulatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 6-week vegetable juice supplementation (360 ml/day) on serum lipid profiles and antioxidant activity in college women. Twenty women (mean age: 21) with normal life style and dietary pattern and who are free of any specific diseases were recruited among the student in S women's university. The subjects consumed vegetable juice to take part in an uncontrolled clinical trial for a 6-week intervention period. While there was no difference in the concentration of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, serum concentrations of TG and HDL/LDL ratio were significantly reduced by $22\%$ (p = 0.013) and $6\%$ (p =0.007) respectively. Significant decrease in manlondialdehyde (p = 0.000) was accompanied by an increase in the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes, such as GSHPx (p = 0.000), SOD (p=0.007). It was also found that total antioxidant status was improved by $5.4\%$ (p=0.009). Serum parameters were all changed without affecting body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, or nutrient intakes after six week of supplementation. This study demonstrated that the supplementation regular meals with vegetable juice can favorably affect serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence could contribute to reduce the risks of chronic diseases in college women.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.