• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.526-537
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the changes in the clustering of metabolic syndrome, and examined the distribution of a combination of clustering. Methods: The study was performed with the data from the same 1,900 people who had a medical checkup at a health clinic twice from 2009 to 2013. The subjects were divided into two groups of metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome (normal group) and examined according to the periodic changes. The related factors were examined with a cohort study. Results: The order affecting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by the combination of metabolic syndrome constituent factors was two combinations (TG+HDL), three combinations (WC+TG+HDL), and four combination (WC+TG+HDL+BP). Conclusions: To manage these factors, public health programs will be needed and the methods to prevent metabolic syndrome should be promoted. In addition, more study on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome will be needed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cardiovascular disease risk factors AI and AIP, divided into three groups, among 300 individuals who underwent health checkups at the hospital. Various variables such as Age, Sex, BMI, WC, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were analyzed using statistical methods including frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The cross-analysis based on cardiovascular disease risk criteria revealed that men and individuals in their 50s had higher cardiovascular disease risk based on AI and AIP. Significant differences were observed in TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) according to AI criteria. For the AIP criteria, TG, TC, HDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were identified as cardiovascular disease risk factors. FBS and HbA1c showed the highest positive correlation In the correlation analysis, followed by TC and LDL-C. The lowest positive correlation was observed between LDL-C and DBP. In terms of negative correlation, HDL-C and AI had the highest negative correlation, while LDL-C and TG showed the lowest negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the AI and AIP risk criteria had explanatory powers of 73.6% and 72.5%, respectively. HDL-C had the greatest negative effect on the AI risk criterion, while TG had the most significant influence on the AIP risk criterion. In conclusion, while other serological variables are important, managing HDL-C and TG levels may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2019

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome causes diabetes and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined the correlation between metabolic syndrome, nutrition intake, and triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio. Methods: Using the data from the $7^{th}$ KNHANES (2016), this study was conducted on healthy adults aged 19 and older. The components and existence of metabolic syndrome and nutrition intake were independent variables and the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio was a dependent variable. A complex sample logistic progress test was used with age, sex, smoking, and drinking frequency corrected. Results: The TG/HDLcholesterol ratio of people with metabolic syndrome was as high as 1.314 on average, compared to people without metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001). Among each component of metabolic syndrome, the TG/HDL cholesterol ratio had a significant association with fasting blood glucose, TG, HDL cholesterol, and waist circumference (p < 0.05). Only energy and carbohydrate intake were significantly related to the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The TG/HDLcholesterol ratio is associated with each component of metabolic syndrome, but in particular, it is positively correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Lower energy intakehad a positive correlation with the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio. These results show that metabolic syndrome can be predicted using the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio, and a diet strategy through nutrition and health education is necessary to prevent metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4342-4348
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• 2013

The present study was intended to reveal the relationships between serum lipid levels and various factors of obesity and blood pressure. The study subjects were 1,838 adult women measured at a mass health screening during the period from January through December, 2011. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, degree of obesity, body fat rate were measured and the relation between these obesity and blood pressure measurements to serum lipid levels were studied. As a results, TC, TG, LDL-C, body fat rate and degree of obesity increased linearly with advancing age. TC, TG and LDL-C increased linearly with increasing blood pressure, and these values were higher in hypertension group than that of normal group. TC, TG and SBP increased linearly with increasing degree of obesity, and these values were higher in obesity group than that of normal group. HDL-C decreased linearly with increasing degree of obesity, and these values were lower in obesity group than that of normal group. TC, TG, HDL-C, degree of obesity, body fat rate was positive correlation with each others, but these values negatively correlated to HDL-C. Principal component analysis, showed that subjects could be divided into the group having the hypertensive group(1st principal component), the obesity group(2nd principal component), the hyperlipidemia group(3rd principal component), and HDL-C(4th principal component). In multiple regression analysis, age, TC, TG and body fat rate were affected to HDL-C. Above results suggest that higher the degree of obesity and blood pressure, the higher the serum lipid levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.881-888
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin B6(B6) deficiency affects fuel utilization and blood cholesterol profile with exercise-training. Twenty-four rats were fed a B6 deficient(-B6) diet or a control (+B6) diet for 5 weeks and either exercised(EX) or nonexercised (NE). EX rats were exercised on treadmill(10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 20 minutes everyday. Glucose(GLU), glycogen (GLY), protein(PRO), trglyceride(TG), free fatty acid(FFA), total cholesterl(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and LDL-choleterol(LDL-C) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. There was a vitamin effect on the level of P-GLU, P-TG, M-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO and an exercise effect on the level of P-PRO, P-FFA, M-PRO, L-GLY, L-TG, P-TC, P-HDL-C, P-LDL-C. Compared to +B6 rats were lower and there were no differences in P-GLU, P-FFA, P-TG. M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. In EX group, the level of P-TG was higher and M-PRO was lower in -B6 rats. There were no differences in M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. These results suggest that a lowered intake of vitamin B6 may impair the adaptation of animals to fuel metabolism related to a decrease of fatty acid oxidation and attenuates the exercise-traning effect on blood lipid profile.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2219-2231
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• 2012

This study conducted to investigate incidence rate and association of serum lipid profiles with incidence of ischemic heart disease. Study subjects consisted of 417,642 adults aged 30 years and over, who underwent physical examination and responded to questionnaire from health examination center of 19 university general hospitals. Hazard ratio of risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard regression model adjusted for ages, BMI and lifestyle (drinking, smoking and exercising). For TC/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.21 times to 1.84 times increase with TC/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.86 times. For TG/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.17 times to 1.49 times increase with TG/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.42 times to 1.97 times. For LDL/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.26 times to 1.82 times increase with LDL/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.68 times. In conclusion serum lipid indexes are the significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The higher the concentration of TC, LDL and TG is, the lower the concentration of HDL is, hazard ratio for IHD increased. Ratio of TC/HDL, TG/HDL and LDL/HDL were also verified to be significant risk factors for IHD.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

This study was performed to find and compare the characteristics of dietary factors and obesity indices on serum lipid profiles using 407 healthy adult males that had physical examinations conducted at the general hospital located in Suwon. The subjects were divided 56.3% for the normal group, 16.7% for TG, 14.5% for TC and 12.5% for TC TG group, respectively. When comparing the blood lipid profiles to normal group, TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol, TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and low in HDL-cholesterol. In comparison of blood lipid profiles with normal group, among anthropometric factors, body weigh, BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) showed significant differences. TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol. TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and was low in HDL-cholesterol. Body weigh of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p<0.05). BMI and WHR of TG group and TC TG group were significantly higher than those of normal group (p<0.05). Total cholesterol was mainly related to the intake of animal lipids and alcoholic beverage. Serum triglyceride levels were closely related with lipid intake and high BMI in this group. In TC TG group, BMI and WHR were high. As well, serum LDL-cholesterol was high and HDL-cholesterol was low which indicates TC TG group had the most undesirable blood lipid profiles. Therefore, it may be necessary to manage BMI and WHR to prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity for adult males in Suwon.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2004

Objectives: In order to determine the effect of CPs, experimental studies were performed in hyperlipidemia humans. The contents of serum total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine were measured. Methods: We made a comparative study of total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine during one month off and on for twenty patients with hyperlipidemia who visited Gunpo Oriental Medical Center of Wonkwang University from December 2002 to July 2003. Results: The following result were obtained: 1. The serum TG and total cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significant (p<0.01) decrease. 2. The serum HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significantly increase in HDL, and decrease in LDL (p<0.05). 3. The serum AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine of patients who took CPs for one month showed no significant effects. Conclusions: According to the results mentioned above, the effects of CPs on serum triglyceride and total cholesterol of hyperlipidemia patients were significantly confirmed for decreasing effects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.807-813
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• 2011

For obesity management requires accurate measurement of abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between abdominal fat and lipid measured with BIA and CT. Secondly, This study investigate for usefulness of abdominal fat measured by BIA and CT as an obesity index. As a result, TG showed higher value in the overweight obese group than normal group but HDL showed lower value in the overweight obese group than normal group. TG and HDL appeared significantly relationship with by BIA and CT in the normal group. However, in the overweight obese group TG showed significantly relationship with the BIA. According to multiple regression analysis on BMF and TAF was affected by HDL in the normal group. And BMF, %BF was affected by TG in overweight obese group. In conclusion, abdominal fat showed significant correlation with lipid. Abdominal fat measured by BIA and CT to assess obesity index is considered as a useful way to evaluate.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2000

Obesity is the risk factor of atherosclerosis and not only increases triglyceride concentration in blood but also decreases relatively the ratio of TG to HDL-Cholesterol in blood. In case of obesity, systolic blood pressure is also increased in responding the increase of TG in blood. Index of obesity in red ginseng-taking group (ginseng group) was lower as compared with non-red ginseng-taking group (control group). The TG concentration, the ratio of triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol in blood and systolic blood pressure were decreased in the subjects of ginseng group compared with that in control group. It is inferred that long-term intake of ginseng products may help to prevent the risk of atherosclerosis and obesity.