• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to verify and reconstruct the record information for big old trees of Jeju on the basis of the precise map of Jeju island in 1918 which was produced 100 years ago. For the analysis of high altitude, coordinate system and georeferencing were performed by selecting representative points using ArcGIS. We extracted digitized information by using point extraction method and extracted attribute information based on legend type and relative size in map. Based on the map of the past 100 years ago, the present situation of the big old tree in Jeju was analyzed and their characteristics were analyzed. In addition, based on the information of the protected big old trees in present, we discussed the characteristics of past tree (1918), present tree (2019), and contribution of big old tree in Jeju landscape and vegetation. As a result, 1,013 individuals were distributed in Jeju Island 100 years ago. Even when it was intensive in the use of timber, the big old trees were protected, and contributed as a representative component of Jeju's unique landscape. The remaining distribution of Jeju's big old tree is 159 trees. As in the past, distribution has been confirmed around the lowlands, but declines in numbers are found throughout the island. The major factors for the decline of individuals are large-scale development projects such as reaching the limit of life, natural disturbance (typhoon, disease, pest, drought, etc.). However, it is presumed that a large number of individuals have played a leading role in shaping the current forests as contributing to important species sources in the restoration process of Jeju vegetation. However, it is presumed that a large number of individuals (405) have played a leading role in forming the present forest by contributing to the species pool in the restoration process of Jeju vegetation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2007

The effect of nutrient availability and forest type on the nutrient turnover of fine roots is important in terrestrial nutrient cycling, but it is poorly understood. I measured nutrient turnover of hardwoods and softwoods at three well studied sites in the northeastern US: Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond, NH. Significant differences in nutrient turnover by fine roots were observed among sites, but not between forest types. The magnitude of differences for each element ranged from 3 times for P and N to 8 times for Ca and Mg between sites. Smaller differences of 0.2 to 0.8 times were observed between forest types. In hardwoods, the Sleepers River 'new' site had $23kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Ca, $7kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Mg, and $16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ K turnover, owing to high root nutrient contents and turnover. Cone Pond had the highest turnover for Mn ($0.8kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$) and Al ($16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), owing to high nutrient contents. The Hubbard Brook hardwood site exhibited the lowest turnover of these elements. In softwoods, the variation in turnover of Ca, Mg, and K was lower than in hardwoods. The Hubbard Brook had the highest turnover for P ($1.6kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), N ($31kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Mn ($0.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Al ($10kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Fe ($6.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Zn ($0.3kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Cu ($34g\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), and C ($1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$). Root Ca turnover exponentially increased as soil percentage Ca saturation increased because of greater root nutrient contents and more rapid turnover at the higher Ca sites. These results imply that nutrient inputs by root turnover significantly increase as soil Ca availability improves in temperate forest ecosystems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.594-602
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• 2022

The study aim was to analyze the effects of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) liquid fertilization on the early growth of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Control, chemical fertilizer (CF), low liquid fertilizer (LLF), and high liquid fertilizer (HLF) sites with five trees per site were established, and each treatment was repeated three times. The growth analysis showed that HLF-200 (treated with HLF 200%) had the highest growth. To assess the fertilization effect, root-collar diameter and height growth models were developed for the HLF-200 and control groups. We found that the Schumacher anamorphic and Schumacher polymorphic equations were best suited for the root-collar diameter growth models in the control and HLF-200 groups, respectively. For the height growth models, the Gompertz polymorphic equation was the most appropriate. From the growth curve generated by the chosen model, the effect of fertilization on the amount and rate of the root-collar diameter and height growth were higher in the HLF-200 group than in the control group. Treatment with SCB liquid fertilization was judged to be suitable for the early growth stage of Chamaecyparis obtusa.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-333
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• 2020

The Nakdong-Jeongmaek extends north and south from Taebaek-si of Gangwon-do to Busan metropolitan city and includes a wide range of forest zone from temperate to the warm-temperature forest. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation structural characteristics of the Quercus mongolica-dominant community, which was distributed in the largest area in Baekdudaegan and Jeongmaek, by region and communities in the Nakdong-Jeongmaek. For the study, a representative 6 sites were selected: Baekbyeongsan, Chilbosan, Baegamsan, Unjusan, Goheonsan, and Gudeoksan. The survey of the 6 sites showed that the canopy had over 85% the importance percentage of Quercus mongolica. In the understory, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were located and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Tripterygium regelii and so on were found in the shrub. The importance percentage of 4 communities of Quercus mongolica, which were separated by TWINSPAN, in the canopy was more than 80%, and the dominant species in the understory and shrub were the same. Currently, Quercus mongolica has been identified as the understory following the canopy, and the Quercus mongolica-dominant community is expected to continue unless there are external factors. In the temperate forest regions in Korea, Quercus spp.and Carpinus laxiflora form the major forest physiognomy in the natural forest state. Based on these characteristics, the Quercus mongolica-dominant community on the ridge of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek is considered to have characteristics of temperate forests in Korea. The Quercus mongolica community is a representative cool-temperate deciduous forest and known as a climatic climax in the upper section of the mountains in the Korean Peninsula. Trees of the same species should be distributed at each layer to maintain the dominant species' status in the canopy's climax forest. Therefore, the Quercus mongolica community is considered the climax forest in the ridge of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.760-762
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• 2003

This study confirmed the usefulness of short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) in the discrimination and classification of evergreen forest types. A forested area near Hisayama and Sasaguri in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, served as the study area. Warm-temperate forest vegetation dominates the study site vegetation. Coniferous plantation forest, natural broad-leaved forest, and bamboo forest were analyzed using LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR remote sensing data. Samples were extracted for the three forest types, and reflectance factors were compared for each band. Kappa coefficients of various band combinations were also compared by classification accuracy. For the LANDSAT5/TM data observed in April, October, and November, Bands 5 and 7 showed significant differences between bamboo, broad-leaved, and coniferous forests. The same significant difference was not recognized in the visible or near-infrared regions. Classification accuracy, determined by supervised classification, indicated distinct improvements in band combinations with SWIR, as compared to those without SWIR. Similar results were found for both LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR data. This study identified obvious advantages in using SWIR data in forest-type discrimination and classification.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare efficient and systematic measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Islet, and to provide for basic data to investigate the process of vegetation change in the future. The vegetation of Beomseom Islet was classified to six vegetation type; i.e., Miscanthus sinensis community, Pinus thunbergii community, Iythophyte vegetation, evergreen broad leaf community, shrub community, and Pseudosasa japonica community. The size of each vegetation type was 40,230 $m^2$ ($23.3\%$) for shrub community, 39,366 $m^2$($22.8\%$) for Iythophyte vegetation, 30,012 $m^2$ ($17.4\%$) fur Pinus thunbergii community, 29,853 $m^2$ ($17.3\%$) for Miscanthus sinensis community, 5,564 $m^2$ ($3.2\%$) for evergreen broad leaf community, and 3,325 $m^2$ ($1.9\%$) for Pseudosasa japonica community. The area of non-vegetated sea cliff Bone that composed of bare rocks is 24,246 $m^2$($14.1\%$). We estimated that these distribution patterns of vegetation were the result of various environmental factors such as the steepness of slope and shallowness of soil as well as the cultivation of exotic plants causing disruption of native vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1983

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of southern slope of Daecheong-bong, Mt. Seolag, Located at the northern part of Taebaek mountain chain in the Central Korea. The altitudinal zonation of the vegetation was analyzed by distribution pattern of dominant species along thermal gradient, In additiion to these procedure th plant sociological studies by Braun-Blanquet(1964) were carried out. It was recognized that the vegetation is consist of 16 associations including Quercus mongolica-Lindera obtusiloba. association and the forest zone is classified into southern, central and northern part of cool temperate forest and subarctic forest.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2001

In many temperate forest ecosystems, large quantities of pine pollen are deposited over a short period in early summer (Doskey and Ugoagwu 1989). Because pollen grains decompose rapidly and have macronutrient concentrations, the pollen rain may be an important component of nutrient dynamics in natural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Stark 1972).(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.104.2-104
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text