• Mycobiology
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2022

Paramyrothecium eichhorniae sp. nov. was observed and collected from Chiang Mai and Phetchaburi Provinces, Thailand. This new species is introduced based on morphological and molecular evidence. This fungus is characterized by its production of sporodochium conidiomata with a white setose fringe surrounding an olivaceous green to dark green slimy mass of conidia, penicillately branched conidiophores, and aseptate and cylindrical to ellipsoid conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU rDNA, ITS rDNA, tef1, rpb2, tub2 and cmdA sequence data using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches placed the fungus in a strongly supported clade with other Paramyrothecium species in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes). The descriptions of the species are accompanied by illustrations of morphological features, and a discussion of the related taxa is presented.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2023

Three fungal strains designated as KNUF-23-MG32, KNUF-23-YC8, and KNUF-23-MJ82 were isolated from the abnormal symptomatic apple trees during screening fungal pathogens collected in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. These fungal strains were found to have similar cultural and morphological characteristics close to the genus Botryosphaeria. Morphological characteristics were matched with B. kuwatsukai CBS 135219 but different with B. dothidea KACC 45481 and B. sinensis HMAS 246714^T. Pathogenicity tests of strain KNUF-23-MG32 showed that this strain causes rot in Fuji apples. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α), and partial β-tubulin (TUB2) showed that these strains are B. kuwatsukai. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an apple ring rot fungus Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai in Korea.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.300-312
• /
• 2023

Hydnum is a genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the Hydnaceae family. It is widely distributed across different regions of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia; however, some of them showed disjunct distributions. In recent years, with the integration of molecular techniques, the taxonomy and classification of Hydnum have undergone several revisions and advancements. However, these changes have not yet been applied in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis combining the morphological and molecular analyses of 30 specimens collected over a period of approximately 10 years in the Republic of Korea. For molecular analysis, the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), and a portion of translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1) were employed as molecular markers. Through this study, we identified eight species that had previously not been reported to occur in the Republic of Korea, including one new species, Hydnum paucispinum. A taxonomic key and detailed descriptions of the eight Hydnum species are provided in this study.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2024

A fungal strain, KNUF-4H-A belonging to the genus Phaeosphaeria was isolated from the citrus flower chafer (Gametis jucunda) in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This strain was further identified as Phaeosphaeria chengduensis through phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, as well as the small subunit rDNA (SSU), large subunit rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) genes. The isolate KNUF-4H-A exhibited typical cultural characteristics of P. chengduensis, producing colonies that were flattened, greenish-grey at the edges, grey-white at the center, and dark brown on the reverse side. Phaeosphaeria species have been reported in various ecosystems, including terrestrial and freshwater environments. The isolation of KNUF-4H-A from the citrus flower chafer provides valuable insights into the habitat diversity of Phaeosphaeria. This is the first record of Phaeosphaeria chengduensis in Korea.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.147-157
• /
• 2017

This study investigated quality characteristics and sensory properties of gluten-free bread using teff flour and various gums. The five samples used in this study were control (wheat flour), T (teff flour), TG (teff flour, guar gum), TX (teff flour, xanthan gum), and TGX (teff flour, guar gum, xanthan gum). Baking loss, moisture content, pH, salinity, brix, dough expansion, color value, texture property, and sensory property were measured for each sample. As a result, pH was the highest in TX at 6.11 and the lowest in the control at 5.77. Salinity was the highest in the control at 0.80% and lowest in TG at 0.04%. Brix was the lowest in TX at $1.10^{\circ}Bx$. While moisture content was the highest in the control at 43.58%, gluten-free breads using teff flour had no significant difference (p<0.05). Baking loss rate of bread was no significant difference among samples (p<0.05). Dough expansion rate by fermentation was the highest in the control at 108.89% and the lowest in T at 17.84%. L-value of crust had no significant difference (p<0.05). For L-value of crumb, the control was the highest at 64.34 and T was the lowest at 33.84. In texture properties analysis, hardness was the highest in TGX at 16.00 N and the lowest in the control at 2.87 N. There was no significant difference in springiness (p<0.05). Chewiness was the highest in TX and TGX. The result of sensory properties was that while there were no significant differences in color, salty taste, flavor, and overall acceptability, there was a significant difference in softness and sweetness (p<0.05). These results showed that use of teff flour and gums rather than using only teff flour for bread manufacturing can improve quality characteristics in dough expansion and texture properties. It is considered that xanthan gum or guar gum are appropriate on bread using teff for quality characteristics.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.430-440
• /
• 2019

Fungal contamination of built-in furniture is a frequent problem in Korea when new apartment is built. However, domestic information on the contaminating fungi is very limited. This study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the fungi of the problem in one of the apartment houses where the fungi were claimed in the built-in furniture before the house owner moves in. Fungi present in the furniture installed in a main room, dress room, and kitchen side were visually and microscopically confirmed and purely isolated on PDA. The isolated fungi were identified by analyzing the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of the ITS, calmodulin gene, and TEF-1α gene. Aspergillus creber, A. niger, A. pseudoglacus, A. ruber, Cladosporium perangustum and Penicillium commune were identified. Four out of the six fungal species were positive for at least one enzyme in six kinds of extracellular enzyme assays. When these four species (A. creber, A. niger, C. perangustum and P. commune) were inoculated onto four kinds of wood chips of furniture materials, they were able to colonize all of the wood chips. Their settlement was better at 95% humidity condition than at 30% humidity condition. Among the four species, C. perangustum caused the darkest discoloration and secreted the most number of extracellular enzymes. The four species were re-isolated from the colonized wood chips and confirmed as the problematic fungi in the built-in furniture.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2022

Two fungal strains, designated KNUF-21-006 and KNUF-21-028, were isolated from soil samples collected from Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The strain KNUF-21-006 was similar to other Pestalotiopsis species in terms of morphological characteristics, including whitish to pale brown mycelium, conidial shape, and size. The isolate had aerial hyphae that produced black fruiting bodies on the mycelium. The conidia were fusoid to ellipsoid, four-septate, and appendage-bearing. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), and β-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences confirmed that the closest relationship of the isolate at the species level was with Pestalotiopsis clavata. The strain KNUF-21-028 exhibits similar morphological characteristics to other Botryotrichum species, including white aerial mycelium with sulcate and irregular margins, conidial shape, and size. The conidia were globose, single, and hyaline. Upon molecular analysis-using the ITS region, large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and TUB gene sequences-the fungus was identified as Botryotrichum iranicum. This is the first record of these fungal species in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.599-606
• /
• 2012

The characterization of the whole genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) from cervical cancer specimens with multiple infections in comparison with single infection samples as the oncogenic potential of the virus may differ. Cervical carcinoma specimens positive for HPV16 by PCR and INNO-LiPA were randomly selected for whole genome characterization. Two HPV16 single infection and six HPV16 multiple infection specimens were subjected to whole genome analysis by using conserved primers and subsequent sequencing. All HPV16 whole genomes from single infection samples clustered in the European (E) lineage while all multiple infection specimens belonged to the non-European lineage. The variations in nucleotide sequences in E6, E7, E2, L1 and Long control region (LCR) were evaluated. In the E6 region, amino acid changes at L83V were related to increased cancer progression. An amino acid variation N29S within the E7 oncoprotein significantly associated with severity of lesion was also discovered. In all three domains of the E2 gene non synonymous mutations were found. The L1 region showed various mutations which may be related to conformation changes of viral epitopes. Some transcription factor binding sites in the LCR region correlated to virulence were shown on GRE/1, TEF-1, YY14 and Oct-1. HPV16 European variant prone to single infection may harbor a major variation at L83V which significantly increases the risk for developing cervical carcinoma. HPV16 non-European variants prone to multiple infections may require many polymorphisms to enhance the risk of cervical cancer development.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2010

A green mold species that has not previously been reported in Korea was isolated from oak log beds used for shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivation that were infested by mushroom flies. In this study, we identify the mold species as Gliocladium viride (an anamorph of Hypocrea lutea) and describe its mycological properties. The fungus was cottony on both potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), but was colored white on PDA and became yellowish green and brown on CYA. Mycelial growth on PDA attained a diameter of 73 mm at $30^{\circ}C$ after 5 days. The fungus grew faster on malt extract agar (> 80 mm, 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$) compared to CYA and PDA (< 68 mm, 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$). Penicillate conidiophores of the fungus are hyaline, smooth walled, branching above typically in four stages, and $120\sim240\;{\mu}m$ in length. Club-shaped or slender phialides are formed on the metulae. Conidia of the fungus were ovate and elliptic, yellowish brown and green, and $2.5\sim3.0\;{\mu}m\times1.8\sim2.3\;{\mu}m$ in size. Typically, slimy conidia are formed in a mass and colored brown to dark green to almost black. The internal transcribed spacer rDNA and translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences of the fungus isolated here show 99% identity with previously identified G. viride strains.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.454-463
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 녹차 추출물이 저장중 소시지의 품질 특성 및 아질산염 함량에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 실시하였다. 육색의 경우, 아질산염 및 녹차 추출물 첨가구(T2, T3, T4)는 대조구 및 아질산염 첨가구에 비해 낮은 명도 값을 보이며, 녹차 추출물의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 낮은 명도 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 유화 안정성을 나타내는 총유출량(TEF, %)과 가열 감량의 경우, 대조구에 비해 모든 아질 산염 및 녹차추출물을 첨가한 처리구에서 낮게 나타나며, 녹차 추출물 첨가에 비해 오직 아질산염만을 첨가한 T1에서 유의적으로 낮은 TEF 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 그러나 앞의 유화 안전성 결과와는 달리 가열 감량의 경우, 아질산염 첨가구에 비해 0.2%녹차 추출물을 첨가한 T2에서 가장 낮은 값이 나타났다(p<0.05). 조직감 측정 결과 녹차 추출물을 첨가시 경도, 응집성 및 검성을 감소시키는 경향을 보여주며(p<0.05), 특히 TBARS 측정 결과 대조구에 비해 아질산염이 첨가된 처리구 1에서 낮은 TBARS 값을 보이며(p<0.05), 녹차 추출물이 첨가된 처리구 2, 3 및 4의 경우, 저장 4주차에 $0.76{\sim}0.89$로 저장 1주차에 대조구 및 처리구 1의 1.90 및 1.45보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 녹차 추출물의 첨가시 대장균수를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라,녹차 추출물의 첨가시 아질산염 함량을 감소를 가져오며, 녹차 추출물의 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 아질산염 함량은 유의적인 감소하였다(p<0.05) 이상의 결과로 보아 녹차 추출물은 유화형 소시지의 아질산염 소거제로서의 가능성과 항균제 및 항산화제로서 육제품 내 첨가가 가능할 것이라 판단된다.