• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.275-292
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI) 센서에 적용할 수 있는 고유의 Tasseled Cap Transformation(TCT) 계수를 제시하고 있다. TCT는 다중밴드 센서 자료로부터 지표의 특성을 분석하는 전통적인 영상변환 방법 중 하나로 새로운 다중밴드 광학센서가 관측을 시작하는 경우 센서의 특성 차이로 인하여 각각의 육상관측 위성센서에 적합한 TCT 계수들이 장기 분석을 통하여 수립되어야 한다. GOCI 센서는 해양관측이 주 목적으로 개발되었으나 영상의 상당 부분은 육지를 관측하고 있으며 밴드 구성은 육지관측에도 일반적으로 이용되는 Visible-Near InfraRed(VNIR) 영역의 정보를 포함하고 있다. 또한 GOCI 센서의 높은 시간 해상도는 지표의 일별 변화의 관측에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 이러한 장점을 이용하여 GOCI 센서에 대한 고유한 TCT가 제공된다면 GOCI 센서의 관측범위 내에서 준 실시간으로 지표변화에 대한 분석과 해석이 가능할 것이다. TCT는 일반적으로 "Brightness", "Greenness", "Wetness"의 세 가지 정보를 포함하지만, ShortWave InfraRed(SWIR) 파장대역이 없는 GOCI 센서의 경우에는 "Wetness"의 정보를 얻을 수 없다. GOCI 센서의 높은 시간 해상도의 활용을 극대화하기 위해서는 "Wetness"의 정보가 제공되어야 한다. "Wetness"의 정보를 얻기 위해 GOCI 주성분 분석(Principal Component Analysis: PCA) 공간을 MODIS TCT 공간에 선형 회귀하는 방법이 사용되었다. 이 연구에서 산출된 GOCI TCT 계수는 정지궤도의 특성에 의해 관측 시간대별로 다른 변환계수를 가질 수 있다. 이 차이를 알아보기 위하여 GOCI TCT 자료와 MODIS TCT 자료 사이의 상관관계가 비교되었다. 그 결과, "Brightness"와 "Greenness"는 4시 자료, "Wetness"는 2시 자료의 변환계수가 선택되었다. 최종적으로 산출된 변환계수의 적절성을 평가하기 위하여 GOCI TCT 자료는 MODIS TCT 영상 및 여러 육상 파라미터들과 비교되었다. GOCI TCT 영상은 MODIS TCT 영상보다 지표 피복의 분류가 더 세밀하게 표현되었으며, GOCI TCT 공간의 지표 피복 분포도 유의미한 결과를 보여줬다. 또한 GOCI TCT의 "Brightness", "Greenness", "Wetness" 자료는 Albedo($R^2$ = 0.75), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) ($R^2$ = 0.97), Normalized Difference Moisture Index(NDMI) ($R^2$ = 0.77)와 각각 비교적 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 적절한 TCT 계수의 산출이 이루어졌다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2011

The thermo-chemical treatment (TCT) process was applied to achieve surface hardening of CP titanium. The following three different surface modification conditions were tested so that the best surface hardening process could be selected:(a) PVD, (b) TCT+PVD, and (c) TCT+Aging+PVD. These specimens were tested and analyzed in terms of surface roughness, wear, friction coefficient, and the gradient of hardening from the surface of the matrix. The three test conditions were all beneficial to improve the surface hardness of CP titanium. Moreover, the TCT treated specimens, that is, (b) and (c), showed significantly improved surface hardness and low friction coefficients through the thickness up to $100{\mu}m$. This is due to the functionally gradient hardened surface improvement by the diffused interstitial elements. The hardened surface also showed improvement in bonding between the PVD and TCT surface, and this leads to improvement in wear resistance. However, TCT after aging treatment did not show much improvement in surface properties compared to TCT only. For the best surface hardening on CP titanium, TCT+PVD has advantages in surface durability and economics.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2010

Pulmonary toxicity of talc containing tremolite asbestos (TCT) has been studied in term sequential in Sprague-Dawely rats. UICC chrysotile(average diameter 0.03${\mu}m$, average length 2.93${\mu}m$) was applied as the positive control. TCT was analyzed for its physicochemical properties by transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(TEM-EDS). The effects of 2mg TCT(talc average diameter 9.7${\pm}$8.4${\mu}m$; tremolite average diameter 1.6${\pm}$1.6${\mu}m$, average length 10.8${\pm}$7.0${\mu}m$) on pathological changes were evaluated after 1, 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. 2mg Chrysotile continuously affected lung pathological changes. Inflammation and granuloma response broke out from 1 week after instilled with chrysotile and the pathological examination further showed increased legions of lung after 8 weeks. But TCT did not showed lung pathological changes. The biopersistence of TCT and chrysotile was evaluated by TEM- EDS. Whereas chrysotile continuously have retained to 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs, talc of TCT showed statistically significant decrease of diameter from 1 weeks and statistically significant change in Si atomic % compositions at 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. Physicochemical properties of tremolite of TCT were not affected until 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. This study showed that the durability of TCT in the lungs is much weaker than chrysotile.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Background : In oriental medicine, the status of the tongue is an important indicator to diagnose the condition of one's health, such as physiological and the clinicopathological changes of internal organs. A tongue diagnosis is not only convenient but also non-invasive, and therefore widely used in Oriental medicine. However, the tongue diagnosis is greatly affected by examination circumstances, patient's posture, and doctor's diagnosis criteria. Objectives : This study was designed to assure the necessity for standardization of tongue diagnosis based on diagnostic criteria of tongue coating thickness (TCT). Methods : Thirty tongue photographs were acquired and analyzed by digital tongue diagnosis system (DTDS) which measured the percentage of TCT on the tongue surface. Fifteen oriental medical doctors evaluated TCT in 30 photographs. Afterward, the 15 assessors were trained for diagnostic criteria of TCT and evaluated the photographs again. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to obtain the agreement rate among the 15 assessors and the agreement rate between assessors' TCT scores and DTDS values. Results : The agreement rate among the 15 assessors after training was higher than before training. The agreement rate between assessors' TCT scores and DTDS values after training was also higher than before training. Furthermore, the difference of the agreement rate between before and after training was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : The standardization of diagnostic criteria of TCT increased the agreement rate among the assessors and the agreement rate between assessors' TCT scores and DTDS values. Therefore, the standardization of diagnostic criteria is expected to contribute to the objectification and quantification of the tongue diagnosis system.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the Trunk Control Test (TCT), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS-TC), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and to compare the TCT, PASS-TC, TIS and its subscales in relation to balance, gait and functional performance ability after stroke. Sixty-two stroke patients attending a rehabilitation program participated in the study. Trunk control was measured with the use of TCT, PASS-TC, TIS balance (Berg Balance scale; BSS), gait ability (10 m walk test), functional performance ability (Tuned Up and Go Test TUG) and the mobility part of the Modified Barthel index (MBI), Fugl Meyer-Upper/Lower Extremity ($FM-U{\cdot}L/E$), The scatter-plot (correlation coefficient) was composed for the total scores of the TCT, PASS-TC, and TIS. The multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of trunk control on balance, gait, and functional performance ability. Twenty eight participants (45.2%) and twenty participants (32.3%) obtained the maximum score on the TCT and PASS-TC respectively; no subject reached the maximum score on the Trunk Impairment Scale. There were significant correlations between the TIS and TCT (r=.38, p<.01), PASS-TC (r=.30, p<.05), TCT and PASS-TC (r=.59, p<.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the BBS score (${\beta}=.420{\sim}.832$) had slightly more power in predicting trunk control than the $FM-U{\cdot}L/E$. TIS-dynamic sitting balance, TUG and the MBI-mobility part. This study 치early indicates that trunk control is still impaired in stroke patients. Measures of trunk control were significantly related with values of balance, gait and functional performance ability. The results imply that management of trunk rehabilitation after stroke should be emphasized.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

The RapidEye satellite sensor has various spectral wavelength bands, and it can capture large areas with high temporal resolution. Therefore, it affords advantages in generating various types of thematic maps, including land cover maps. In this study, we applied a supervised classification scheme to generate high-resolution land cover maps using RapidEye images. To improve the classification accuracy, object-based classification was performed by adding brightness, yellowness, and greenness bands by Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) bands. It was experimentally confirmed that the classification results obtained by adding TCT and NDWI bands as input data showed high classification accuracy compared with the land cover map generated using the original RapidEye images.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1280-1282
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• 2008

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2979-2982
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is a commonly-encountered malignant tumor in women. Cervical screening is particularly important due to early symptoms being deficient in specificity. The main purpose of the study is to assess the application value of cervical thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. In the study, cervical TCT and HPV detection were simultaneously performed on 12,500 patients selected in a gynecological clinic. Three hundred patients with positive results demonstrated by cervical TCT and/or HPV detection underwent cervical tissue biopsy under colposcopy, and pathological results were considered as the gold standard. The results revealed that 200 out of 12,500 patients were abnormal by TCT, in which 30 cases pertained to equivocal atypical squamous cells (ASCUS), 80 cases to low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 70 cases to high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 20 cases to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). With increasing pathological grade of cervical biopsy, however, TCT positive rates did not rise. Two hundred and eighty out of 12,500 patients were detected as positive for HPV infection, in which 50 cases were chronic cervicitis and squamous metaplasia, 70 cases cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 60 cases CIN II, 70 cases CIN III and 30 cases invasive cervical carcinoma. Two hundred and thirty patients with high-risk HPV infection were detected. With increase in pathological grade, the positive rate of high-risk HPV also rose. The detection rates of HPV detection to CIN III and invasive cervical carcinoma as well as the total detection rate of lesions were significantly higher than that of TCT. Hence, HPV detection is a better method for screening of cervical cancer at present.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1651-1655
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• 2012

Background: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of the Pap test in combination with the ThinPrep cytological test (TCT) in screening for cervical cancer in China. Design: From March 2006 to October 2008, 988 women with the mean age $46.4{\pm}10.5$ years (range, 23-80 years) were recruited to receive cervical cancer screening. Pap test results ${\geq}$ grade III and TCT findings ${\geq}$ ASCUS/AGUS were considered abnormal. Subjects with a Pap test result ${\geq}$ grade IIb received TCT. Colposcopy and biopsies were performed in all participants, and final diagnosis was based on pathological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden index for predicting CIN I or above were determined. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Youden index of the Pap test were 43.1%, 97.2%, 70.0%, 91.9%, and 40.3%, respectively. The same values for TCT in predicting CIN were 80.0%, 63.2%, 16.0%, 97.3%, and 43.2%, respectively. The two tests in combination gave values for predicting CIN of 64.8%, 87.6%, 43.6%, 94.4%, and 53.5%, respectively. Combined testing exhibited the highest Youden index (53.4%). Conclusion: The Pap test with a reduced threshold in combination with the TCT has high sensitivity and high specificity in screening for cervical cancer.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 경주시 내남면을 대상으로 KOMPSAT-2 MSC(Multi Spectral Camera) 영상(2007.06.12)을 기반으로 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)와 TCT(Tasseled-Cap Transformation) 영상 알고리즘을 적용하여 DN 분포도를 작성 하였다. NDVI 및 TCT DN 분포도와 산림 현장 조사 결과와의 비교 분석을 통하여 임상 분류 정확도 향상을 위한 영상 알고리즘 변별력 분석을 수행하고 마지막으로 현장조사 자료와의 중첩 분석을 통하여 임상분류 정확성을 검증 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 KOMPSAT-2 MSC 영상을 이용하여 임상 분류 자동화 실용성에 대한 검토와 정밀 산림 임상도 제작과정에서 저비용 고효율성을 기대할 수 있으리라 사료된다.