• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.687-695
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• 2006

This paper presents a network-based traction control system(TCS), where several electric control units(ECUs) are connected by a controller area network(CAN) communication system. The control system consists of four ECUs: the electric throttle controller, the transmission controller, the engine controller and the traction controller. In order to validate the traction control algorithm of the network-based TCS and evaluate its performance, a Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation(HILS) environment was developed. Herein we propose a new concept of the HILS environment called the network-based HILS(Net-HILS) for the development and validation of network-based control systems which include smart sensors or actuators. In this study, we report that we have designed a network-based TCS, validated its algorithm and evaluated its performance using Net-HILS.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The Toll Collection System (TCS) operated by the Korea Expressway Corporation provides accurate traffic counts between tollgates within the expressway network under the closed-type toll collection system. However, although origin-destination (OD) matrices for a travel demand model can be constructed using these traffic counts, these matrices cannot be directly applied because it is technically difficult to determine appropriate passenger car equivalent (PCE) values for the vehicle types used in TCS. Therefore, this study was initiated to systematically determine the appropriate PCE values of TCS vehicle types for the travel demand model. METHODS : To search for the appropriate PCE values of TCS vehicle types, a traffic demand model based on TCS-based OD matrices and the expressway network was developed. Using the traffic demand model and a genetic algorithm, the appropriate PCE values were optimized through an approach that minimizes errors between actual link counts and estimated link volumes. RESULTS : As a result of the optimization, the optimal PCE values of TCS vehicle types 1 and 5 were determined to be 1 and 3.7, respectively. Those of TCS vehicle types 2 through 4 are found in the manual for the preliminary feasibility study. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the given vehicle delay functions and network properties (i.e., speeds and capacities), the travel demand model with the optimized PCE values produced a MAPE value of 37.7%, RMSE value of 17124.14, and correlation coefficient of 0.9506. Conclusively, the optimized PCE values were revealed to produce estimates of expressway link volumes sufficiently close to actual link counts.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

본 연구는 교통수요 추정에 관련된 사회경제적 통계자료와 여러 기관에서 발표된 Data를 바탕으로 TCS OD의 통행특성을 반영한 전국 교통수요를 추정하였다. 추정된 교통수요의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 전국을 8개권역으로 구분하여 권역별로 통행량을 비교하였으며, 통계적인 오차분석 기법을 이용하여 관측교통량과 배정교통량의 차이를 비교하였다. 그리고 추정된 교통수요의 통행시간분포(TLFD)와 주요도시간 통행소요시간을 분석하여 2-D와 3-D기법으로 추정된 교통수요의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 신뢰성분석 및 검증결과 본 연구에서의 상황하에서는 3-D기법이 2-D기법보다는 TCS OD의 통행특성 및 패턴을 잘 반영하는 것으로 분석되었지만, 3-D기법이 전적으로 우수하다라고 단언할 수는 없을 것 같다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

인산 결핍기에 직면한 Bacillus subtilis는 PhoP-PhoR twocomponent system (TCS)를 통해 이러한 상황을 인식하고 생존을 유지하기 위해 Pho regulon으로 불리는 일련의 유전자들의 발현을 조절한다. 이때 histidine kinase인 PhoR은 자동 인산화되어, 인산을 response regulator인 PhoP에 전달한다. 인산화된 PhoP (PhoP~P)는 Pho regulon 유전자의 프로모터(promoter) 부위에 존재하는 반복되는 6 bp의 잘 보존된 PhoP 결합서열에 결합하여 해당 유전자의 발현을 활성화시키거나 억제한다. 이러한 Pho regulon 신호전달 시스템은 최소한 세 개의 TCS (PhoP-PhoR, ResD-ResE TCS, SpoOA phosphorelay), 광범위한 탄소대사 조절자(CcpA), 전위기 조절자(AbrB, ScoC) 등을 포함하는 신호전달 시스템과 밀접하게 상호 연결되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 생육에 필수적인 YycF-YycG TCS와 상호조절을 통한 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있다. Pho regulon에 의한 인산결핍 스트레스 반응을 이해하는데 많은 진척이 있었으나, 많은 의문들은 여전히 남아있다. 이러한 의문들을 푸는 일은 B.subtilis의 응용연구에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3162-3164
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• 1999

In this paper, a temperature compensating system(TCS) for LPG dispenser has been developed. A TCS includes a processor(80C196) with an AID converter. I/O port(82C55) and 6-digit vacuum fluorescent display. Based on encoding signals from the gas flow meter, different calibration values from each apparatus and temperature compensating values from the temperature sensor, the TCS controls the LPG dispensing quantity with switching on or off the solenoid valves. The temperature compensation is performed with analog-to-digital conversion of the temperature sensor. The resolution of temperature compensation is nearly $0.5^{\circ}C$ using 10-bit ADC. The field test of the TCS shows the exact temperature compensation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1998

Traction control systems(TCS) improve vehicle acceleration performance and stability, particularly on slippery roads through engine torque and/or brake torque control. This research mainly deals with the engine control algorithm based on adjustment of the engine throttle valve opening. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation(HWILS) is carried out where the actual hardware is used for the engine/automatic transmission and TCS controller, while various vehicle dynamics are simulated on real-time basis. Also, use of the dynamometer is made in order to implement the tractive force that a road applies to the tire. Although some restrictions are imposed mainly due to the capability of the synamometer, simplified HWILS results show that the slip control algorithm can improve the vehicle acceleration performance for low-friction roads.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2006

In this paper we present a safety plan to be applied to the development of the TCS(Train Control System). The safety plan that can be applied to the life cycle of a system, from the conceptual design to the dismantlement, shows the whole process of the paper work in detail through the establishment of a goal, analysis and assessment, the verification. In this paper we study about the making a plan, the preliminary hazard analysis, the hazard identification and analysis to guarantee the safety of the TCS. The process far the verification of the system safety is divided into several steps based on the target system and the approaching method. The guarantee of the system safety and the improvement of the system reliability is fellowed by the recommendation of the international standards.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2018

Triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with the hormone or endocrine system and may cause cancer. Kaempferol (Kaem) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are phytoestrogens that play chemopreventive roles in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, the influence of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on proliferation and apoptotic abilities of VM7Luc4E2 breast cancer cells were examined. MTT assay revealed that TCS ($0.1-10{\mu}M$), BPA ($0.1-10{\mu}M$) and E2 ($0.01-0.0001{\mu}M$) induced significant cell proliferation of VM7Luc4E2 cells, which was restored to the control (0.1% DMSO) by co-treatment with Kaem ($30{\mu}M$) or DIM ($15{\mu}M$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays showed that TCS and BPA inhibited ROS production of VM7Luc4E2 cells similar to E2, but that co-treatment with Kaem or DIM on VM7Luc4E2 cells induced increased ROS production. Based on these results, the effects of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on protein expression of apoptosis and ROS production-related markers such as Bax and Bcl-xl, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as $eIF2{\alpha}$ and CHOP were investigated by Western blot assay. The results revealed that TCS, and BPA induced anti-apoptosis by reducing ROS production and ER stress. However, Kaem and DIM effectively inhibited TCS and BPA-induced anti-apoptotic processes in VM7Luc4E2 cells. Overall, TCS and BPA were revealed to be distinct xenoestrogens that enhanced proliferation and anti-apoptosis, while Kaem and DIM were identified as natural chemopreventive compounds that effectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and increased anti-apoptosis induced by TCS and BPA.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.428-436
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• 1998

A TCS slip control system improves acceleration capability and steerability on slippery roads through engine torgue and/or brake torque control. This research mainly deals with the engine control algorithm via the adjustment of the engine throttle angle. The following new control strategy is proposed and investigated ; the TCS slip controller whose input is the difference between the desired driving wheel speed corresponding to the optimum slip ratio and the actual speed yields the target engine torque and then estimates the throttle angle based on the engine performance curve. Various simulation and hardware-in-the-loop simulation have been carried out. The results show the proposed strategy may compensate for the inherent nonlinearity between variation of the throttle angle and variation of the engine torque and produce better performance than the previous strategies without the engine map, especially in the high speed region.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2009

운전자가 원하는 통행시간 예측 정보를 제공하기 위해서는 이미 알고 있는 교통상황 하에서의 통행시간 추정이 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 현재 고속도로에 적용되고 있는 지점검지기에 의한 통행시간 추정 방법은 신뢰성 있는 통행시간을 산출하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신뢰성 있는 예측정보를 제공하기 위한 기반 결과로서 고속도로 경로의 기 종점 영업소 간에서 실제 소요된 통행시간의 추정에 주안점을 두었다. 통행시간 추정시 교통정보의 활용도 측면에서 매우 유용하면서도 풍부한 고속도로 통행료 수납시스템 (Toll Collection System, TCS) 자료를 이용하였다. 경로통행시간 추정모형에서는 경로 내의 링크통행시간을 조합하여 고속도로의 경로통행시간을 추정하였다. TCS 자료가 결측 된 경우에는 통행시간의 증가패턴을 분석하여 선형보간법을 통해 이전주기의 TCS 통행시간을 참조하였다. 결측이 장기간 지속되거나 통행시간의 변동이 심한 전이시간대에는 VDS 시공도에 의한 동적인 통행시간을 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 모형을 통해 추정된 경로의 통행시간은 경로를 직접 통행한 차량들의 통행시간과 통계적으로 차이가 없음이 검증되었다. 제안모형은 동일 출발 시간대에서는 통행시간의 편차가 심하고 전 후 시간대에서는 통행시간 대푯값의 변화 패턴이 불규칙한 장거리 구간에 대해 신뢰성 있는 통행시간을 추정할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 추정된 통행시간은 교통 상황의 성능 지표 및 실시간 통행시간 예측 분야에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.