• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a practical TCP friendly rate control scheme that considers the minimum channel bandwidth of the network when transporting SVC (scalable video coding) video over IP netowrks such as Internet. RTP and RTCP is mainly designed for use with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for real-time video transport over the Internet. TCP-friendly rate control was proposed to satisfy the demands of multimedia applications while being reasonably fair when competing for bandwidth with conventional TCP applications. However the rate control model of the conventional TCP-friendly rate control scheme does not consider the minimum channel bandwidth of the network. Thus the estimated channel bandwidth by the conventional rate control model might be quite different from the real channel bandwidth when the packet loss ratio of the network is very large. In this paper, we propose a modified TCP-friendly rate control scheme that considers the minimum channel bandwidth of the network. Based on the modified TCP-friendly rate control, we assign the minimum channel bandwidth to the base layer bitstream of SVC video, and remaining available bandwidth is allocated to the enhancement layer of SVC video for the TCP friendly scalable video transmission. It is shown by simulations that the modified TCP-friendly rate control scheme can be effectively used for a wider range of controlled bit rates depending on the packet loss ratio than the conventional TCP-friendly control scheme. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of objective video quality is proved by comparing PSNR performance with the conventional scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.433-435
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• 2001

인터넷상에서 화상전화를 구현할 경우, 대용량의 멀티미디어 데이터의 전송은 네트웍 congestion의 원인이 될 수 있다. 이러한 congestion이 일어날 경우, congestion avoidance 알고리즘을 적용하는 TCP 데이터는 스스로 전송률을 줄이게 되므로, congestion 정책을 사용하지 않는 UDP 패킷과 같은 데이터와 함께 전송될 경우, TCP 데이터에 불리하게 된다. 이때, UDP 패킷 데이터에 TCP와 유사한 방법의 congestion avoidance 알고리즘을 적용하여 이를 해결할 수 있는데, 이것은 TCP-friendly Adaptation 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 화상전화의 구현에 대해 기술하고 인터넷 환경에서 화성전화를 사용할 때에 congestion을 control 하기 위해서, 그 출력 대역폭을 네트웍 상태에 따라 TCP와 유사한 방식으로 조절하는 TCP-friendly Adaptation 알고리즘을 적용한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2005

The multimedia traffic of continuous video and audio data via streaming service accounts for a significant and expanding portion of the Internet traffic. This streaming data delivery is mostly based on RTP with UDP. However, UDP does not support congestion control. For this reason, UDP causes the starvation of congestion controlled TCP traffic which reduces its bandwidth share during overload situation. In this paper, we propose a new TCP-friendly rate control scheme called 'TF-RTP(TCP-Friendly RTP)'. In the congested network state, the TF-RTP exactly estimates the competing TCP's throughput by using the modified parameters. Then, it controls the sending rate of the video streams. Therefore, the TF-RTP adjusts its sending rate to TCP-friendly and fair share with competing TCP traffics. Through the simulation, we prove that the TF-RTP correctly estimates the TCP's throughput and improves the TCP-friendliness and fairness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2003

최근 TCP와 유사하게 멀티미디어 데이터를 전송하기 위한 rate control 프로토콜에 관한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 전송 방식에 있어서 TCP와 공정성을 유지하며 TCP와 유사하게 동작하도록 하는 TRCP 프로토콜을 제안한다. TRCP는 TCP vegas 이론을 응용하였으며 RTT와 패킷손실율에 의해 네트워크 혼잡 상태를 미리 예측하고 TCP의 AIMD 방식을 사용하여 TCP와 유사하게 전송율을.조절하는 프로토콜이다. 이 프로토콜에 대한 TCP와 공정성을 검증하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하고 그 결과를 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.304-309
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• 2004

Recently, the needs for multimedia stream such as digital audio and video in the Internet has increased tremendously. Unlike TCP, the UDP protocol, which has been used to transmit streaming traffic thorough the Internet, does not apply any congestion control mechanism to regulate the data flow thorough the shared network And it leads to congestion collapse of the Internet and results in long-term transmission delay. To avoid any adverse effect on the current Internet functionality, a now protocol of modification or addition of some functionality to perform congestion control and to reduce huge transmission delay in transmitting of multimedia stream are in study. TCP-friendly congestion control mechanism is classified into two : one is window-based congestion control scheme using general window management functionalities, the other is rate-based congestion control scheme using TCP modeling equation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for improving the transmitting rate on a hybrid TCP-friendly congestion control scheme combined with widow-based and late-based congestion control for multimedia stream. And we also simulate the performance of improved TEAR implementation using NS. With He simulation results, we show that the improved TEAR can provide better fairness and lower rate fluctuations than TCP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.424-426
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• 2001

현재의 인터넷 응용들을 살펴보면 종 단간 혼잡 제어 방법을 지원하는 TCP를 대표적인 전송 프로토콜로 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 최근 폭발적으로 증가하는 멀티미디어 서비스들은 UDP 혹은 보다 적절한 RTP(Real-time Transport Protoco) 와 같은 미디어의 실시간 특성에 맞는 전송 프로토콜을 주로 사용하고 있다. 그런대 TCP-friendly 하지 않는 UDP나 RTP 같은 트래픽의 무분별한 증가는 같은 링크를 점유하며 공정하게 경쟁하는 TCP 연결들의 전송 효율을 억제 하는 특성을 나타낸다. 그러므로 이러한 현상은 네트워크 활용에 불균형 현상을 초래 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결 하기위해서 TCP-Friendly 멀티미디어 전송 프로토콜인 SRTP(Smart RTP)를 제안하였다. 또한 구현 및 성능평가를 통해서 이 프로토콜이 스트리밍 전송률을 동적으로 순화하면서 혼잡 상황에 적절히 적응 할 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.4B
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• pp.202-209
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• 2005

In this paper, a dynamic TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) is proposed to adjust the coding rates according to the channel characteristics of the wireless-to-wired network consisting of wireless first-hop channel. To avoid the throughput degradation of multimedia flows traveling through wireless lint the proposed rate control system employs a new wireless loss differentiation algorithm (LDA) using packet loss statistics. This method can produce the TCP-friendly rates while sharing the backbone bandwidth with TCP flows over the wireless-to-wired network. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control system can eliminate the effect of wireless losses in flow control of TFRC and substantially reduce the abrupt quality degradation of the video streaming caused by the unreliable wireless link status.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.355-357
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• 2001

TFRC(TCF-friendly Rate Control) 혼잡제어는 연속적인 재생을 필요로 하는 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한 TCP-friendly 알고리즘이다. 이러한 TCP-friendly 알고리즘의 성능을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인으로 기존 TCP 혼잡제어 알고리즘을 이용하는 트래픽과의 전송대역폭에 대한 공정성(fairness)이다. TFRC 혼잡제어 알고리즘에서는 이러한 공정성을 만족시키기 위하여 TCP를 모델링한 식에 의하여 전송률을 결정한다. 그러나 TFRC 혼잡제어는 혼잡이 심한 네트워크 상황에서는 공정성이 급격히 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 TFRC 혼잡제어알고리즘의 전송률 결정방법의 개선을 통하여, 높은 손실률을 보이는 혼잡한 네트워크상황에서 공정성이 떨어지는 문제를 해결한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.105-107
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• 2006

As internet streaming data increase, transport protocol such as TCP, TGP-Friendly is important to study control transmission rate and share of Internet bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a TCP-Friendly protocol using Neural Network for media delivery over wired Internet which has various traffic size(PTFRC). PTFRC can effectively send streaming data when occur congestion and predict one-step ahead round trip time and packet loss rate. A multi-layer perceptron structure is used as the prediction model, and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used as a traning algorithm. The performance of the PTFRC was evaluated by the share of Bandwidth and packet loss rate with various protocols.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Streaming video has become a popular form of transferring media over the wired/wireless network. TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) is used as a streaming media transport protocol. Using the TCP congestion response function and current network conditions, TFRC adjusts its sending rate to yield the maximum TCP-friendly throughput. Since TFRC was designed for applications that would prefer to maintain a slowly-changing sending rate, it is less responsive to changes in handover between wireless heterogeneous networks such as 3G network, WLAN, and so on. This paper shows a new TFRC method for vertical handover over wireless heterogeneous network. The proposed TFRC method has features of low quality interruption and fast rate adaptation to a new target network. The simulation results show that the proposed one provides better QoS and throughput support than the traditional TFRC scheme during vertical handover.