• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

In order to study wearable air cushion materials capable of responding to massive impact in high-altitude fall situation, high tenacity woven fabrics were bonded by heat only depending on various type of thermoplastic films and then mechanical properties were measured. Tensile strength, elongation, and 100% modulus measurement results for 4 types of films show that TPU-2 has higher impact resistance and easier expansion than PET-1. After thermal bonding, the combination with the highest tensile strength was a material with a TPU-2 film for nylon and a PET-2 film for PET, so there was a difference by type of fabric. The tear strength of the bonded materials were increased compared to the fabric alone, which shows that durability against damage such as tearing can be obtained through film adhesion. All of the peel strengths exceeded the values required by automobile airbags by about 5 times, and the TPU-2 bonded fabric showed the highest value. The air permeability was 0 L/dm2 /min. For both the film and the bonded material, which means tightness between the fabric and the film through thermal bonding. It is expected to be applied as a wearable air cushion material by achieving a level of mechanical properties similar to or superior to that of automobile airbags through the method of bonding film and fabric by thermal bonding.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis of lung disease. This Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Sochungyong-tang on gene expressions in Mouse Alveolar Macrophage. Fer this purpose, we observed the cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, $MIP-1{\alpha},\;MIP-1{\beta},\;MIP-1{\gamma},\;TGF-{\beta},\;TNF-{\alpha}$). We picked the alveolar macrophage out of mice and cultured it. We analyzed the cytokine gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR. The results obtained were as follows : 1 . Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on $IL-1{\beta}$ in time and concentration. 2. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on IL-6 in time and concentration. 3. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on IL-10 in concentration. 4. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on iNOS. 5. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ in time and concentration. 6. Sochungyong-tang showed on inhibitory effects on $MIP-1{\alpha},\;MIP-1{\beta},\;MIP-1{\gamma}$, $TCF-{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$. According to above results, it is supposed that Sochungyong-tang has the inhibitory effects on cytokine gene expression in mouse alveolar macrophage and can be usefully applied for curing inflammatory process of lung disease. Advanced studies are required to investigate the cure mechanism of Sochungyong-tang in the future.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.635-638
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• 2004

페로브스카이트 구조를 가지는 $CaZrO_3$ 유전체 세라믹스에 $CaTiO_3$를 부피 비율로 첨가하여 첨가량 변동에 따른 마이크로파 유전 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 저온 동시소성 기능성 LTCC 기판용 유전체 소재로서 활용하기 위하여 저융점의 borosilicate계 유리 프리트를 첨가하여 $CaZrO_3-CaTiO_3$ 복합 유전체 세라믹스의 저온 소결 거동과 마이크로파 유전 특성을 평가하였다. 알칼리가 첨가된 저융점의 borosilicate계 유리 프리트를 $10\sim30$ wt% 범위로 첨가함으로서 $CaZrO_3-CaTiO_3$ 복합 유전체 세라믹스의 소결온도를 $1450^{\circ}C$에서 $900^{\circ}C$이하로 낮출 수 있었으며, 유리 프리트의 첨가량으로 공진 주파수 온도계수 특성을 조절할 수 있었다. 유리 프리트의 첨가량이 15 wt% 첨가시 $875^{\circ}C$에서 충분한 소결이 이루어졌으며, 이 경우 $CaZrO_3-CaTiO_3$ 복합 유전체 세라믹스는 유전율(k) 23, 품질계수(Qxf) 2500, 공진 주파수 온도계수 ($\tau_{cf}$) -3 ppm/$^{\circ}C$의 매우 양호한 마이크로파 유전 특성을 나타내었다. 유리 프리트의 첨가에 의하여 소결 과정에서 주상인 $CaZrO_3$가 $CaZr_4O_9$ 상으로의 변화가 뚜렷이 나타났는데, 이러한 상전이 현상과 함께 미세구조의 변화에 대해서도 고찰하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

In this study, the dyeability of 0.06-denier-per-filament (dpf) ultrafine sea-island-type nylon knitted fabric was investigated and compared with that of 1.0-dpf general nylon with respect to four types of dyes. In particular, leveling, milling, half-milling, and metal-complex dyes were compared at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, and 8.0% on-weight-fabric (o.w.f). In each case, staining was performed at 100 ℃. The dyeabilities of the materials were compared in terms of the depth of color as defined by the ratio of the absorption coefficient (K) to the scattering coefficient (S). Results indicated generally low K/S values for both the 0.06-dpf ultrafine sea-island-type nylon and 1.0-dpf general nylon. In terms of the dye type, the milling and half-milling dyes exhibited K/S values of ≥20 for all colors of yellow, red, and blue for the 0.06-dpf ultrafine yarn sea-island-type nylon, which were superior to those of the other dye types. Hence, the milling and half-milling dyes are considered more suitable than the other dyes. Further, a comparison of dye fastness and compatibility revealed that the half-milling dye was the most suitable dye for the 0.06-dpf ultrafine sea-island-type nylon.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2023

In this study, TPU resin for coating was prepared by varying the mixing ratio of antistatic TPU and recycled TPU to manufacture permanent antistatic materials. The coated yarn was prepared by coating on the nylon yarn, and then the thermal, rheological, mechanical properties and antistatic properties were analyzed. In addition, antistatic properties and durability were confirmed after manufacturing UD fabrics using coated yarns. The mixing ratio of antistatic TPU and recycled TPU was most appropriate at 4:6, and the antistatic property had a surface resistance of 2.20 × 10⁹ Ω and a static charge of 398 V. In the coating process, the coating speed was most appropriate at 0.21 m/s, and the surface resistance of the UD fabric manufactured with the coated yarn manufactured under this condition was 6.80 × 10⁹ Ω and the static charge was 484 V. The UD fabric had a surface resistance of 7.21 × 10⁹ Ω and a static charge of 517 V after washing 10 times, and it was confirmed that the permanent antistatic property was excellent.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.82-96
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to enhance the usability of hanji fabrics by expanding the color space of hanji fabrics. For the expression of various colors of hanji fabrics, single and combination dyeing were carried out using natural indigo(Niram, Polygonum tinctorium), marigold extract colorant, and madder extract colorant for three types of hanji fabrics with different fiber compositions(hanji, hanji/cotton, hanji/silk). The light, medium, and deep colors obtained through individual single dyeing were shown to be PB Munsell colors in the case of indigo dyeing, Y color for marigold dyeing, and R color for madder dyeing. For combination dyeing, indigo dyeing was first carried out under the conditions for light, medium, and deep colors, respectively, and marigold or madder dyeing was performed thereafter. Indigo and marigold combination dyeing produced PB, B, BG, G, and GY Munsell colors and indigo and madder combination dyeing produced PB, P, RP, and R Munsell colors. Overall, the color change of hanji/silk fabric was more diverse than that of hanji fabric and hanji/cotton fabric. In the indigo, marigold, and madder combination dyeing into individual deep colors, blackish PB and P Munsell colors was obtained. Colorfastness to washing, dry cleaning, rubbing, and light were relatively good with above rating 4. Finally, 9 colors excluding YR color out of 10 Munsell color were obtained. We confirmed that the expansion of the color space of Hanji fabrics by the single and combination dyeing with indigo, marigold, and madder.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 2001년도 제8차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.28-46
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• 2001

천연가스는 탄화수소가스와 질소$(N_2)$, 황화수소$(H_2S)$ 및 이산화탄소$(CO_2)$ 등의 혼합체로서 연소 시 공해물질이 거의 발생하지 않는 무공해 청정연료이며(Beggs, 1984), 현재 환경 문제가 전 세계적으로 급격히 대두되는 시점에서 천연가스는 그 청정성으로 인하여 사용량이 급증하고 있는 실정이다. 과거 Hubbert의 연구(Hubbert, 1974)에 의하면 천연가스는 매우 급속히 고갈되는 자원으로 평가되었으며 이러한 평가는 1980년대에 가스 가격 인상과 사용량의 제한을 유도하였다. 그 후, 지질학적 기반을 바탕으로 한 천연가스 자원 연구에서 Hubbert의 평가에 포함되지 않았던 가스 자원이 규명되었는데 이러한 새로운 가스자원은 비재래 가스 (Unconventional Gas), 기존 저류층의 추가 매장량과 심부 지역에 존재하는 심부 천연가스 (Deep Natural Gas) 등이다. 이러한 새로운 매장량의 추가로 인하여 천연가스의 미래는 밝아졌으며, 저렴한 가격의 안정된 가스 공급을 보장받게 되었다. 심부 천연가스는 15,000 ft $(4,572{\cal}m)$ 이상의 지하에 존재하는 천연가스로서 미국 지질 조사소인 U.S. Geological Survey(USGS)의 1995년 연구 결과로 볼 때, 1,412조 입방피트의 기술적으로 회수 가능한 천연가스 가운데 114조 입방피트가 심부 퇴적 분지에 존재하는 천연가스인데 이러한 심부 가스는 광범위하게 분포되어 있고 다양한 지질학적 환경을 가짐을 알 수 있다 (Kuuskraa, 1998). 심부 가스는 1995년 미국의 전체 천연가스 공급량 가운데 $6.7\%를 차지하였으며 2015년까지 $18.7\%로 증가할 전망이다 (Cochener & Brandenburg, 1998). 그러나 심부가스 개발은 성공률이 낮은 사업인데 그 이유는 투자비가 비싸고 개발하더라도 높은 비율의 비 생산정 (dry hole)이 발생하기 때문이며 그 결과 이러한 심부가스를 경제적으로 개발하기 위하여는 많은 기술적 도전을 극복하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 낮은 성공률을 가지는 심부 가스의 개발 성공률을 증가시키기 위하여 심부 가스가 존재하는 지역의 지질학적 부존 환경 및 조성상의 특성과 생산시 소요되는 생산비용을 심도에 따라 분석하고 생산에 수반되는 기술적 문제점들을 정리하였으며 마지막으로 향후 요구되는 연구 분야들을 제시하였다. 또한 참고로 현재 심부 가스의 경우 미국이 연구 개발 측면에서 가장 활발한 활동을 전개하고 있으며 그 결과 다수의 신뢰성 있는 자료들을 확보하고 있으므로 본 논문은 USGS와 Gas Research Institute(GRI)에서 제시한 자료에 근거하였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the follicles size, hormone supplementation, semen types and capacitation methods on in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean Native cows. The follicular oocytes surrounded with cumulus cells were recovered by aspirating follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 3~5mm. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing hormones, FCS, ECS, BFF and MCC for 24~48hrs. in a incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 18~20hrs. with motile capacitated sperm in the TCF(Tyroide calcium-free) solution containing 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of heparin. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The oocytes classified as "A, B, C, D and Degenerative" depending morphological integrity and those were 61.4%, 12.1%, 19.2%, 4.2% and 3.0% of the total oocytes recovered, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the A, B, C class follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS were 89.1%, 78.0%, 52.6% and 78.1%, 66.1%, 33.3%, respectively. 2. The average number of the follicular oocytes recovered from follicles size, 1~2mm, 3~5mm and above 5mm in dimeter were 67, 98 and 63, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium were 56.7%, 82.5%, 46.0% and 44.8%, 71.4%, 28.6%, respectively. 3. The maturation and fertilization rate of follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% FCS and hCG, HCG, $\beta$-estradiol were 76.0%~82.3% and 26.2%~70.0%, and those values were higher the supplementation of the hormone than the non-supplementation. 4. The fertilization and cleavage rate of the follicular oocytes, inseminated with spermatozoas of epididymis cauda, neat and frozen semen were 63.3%, 73.3%, 70.0% and 32.7%, 37.8%, 38.3, respectively. 5. The fertilization and cleavage rate of follicular oocytes, fertilized with capacitated spermatozoas by heparin, BFF and HIS methods were 70.0%, 53.8%, 34.2% and 38.3%, 23.1%, 17.1%, respectively. And the fertilization and cleavage rate were higher method of heparin than other methods.r methods.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1990

These studies were carried out ot investigate the effects of estrous cow serum(ECS), fetal calf serum(FCS), bovine follicular fluid(BFF) and matured cumulus cell(MCC) on in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean native cows. The follicular oocytes surrounded with cumulus cells were recovered by aspirating follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 3-5mm. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing hormones, FCS, ECS, BFF and MCC for 24~48 hrs. in a incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 18$^{\circ}C$20 hrs. with motile capacitated sperm in the TCF(Tyrode calcium-free) solution containing 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of heparin. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The oocytes classified as "A, B, C, D and Degenerative" depending morphological integrity and those were 61.4%, 12.1%, 19.2%, 4.2% and 3.0% of the total oocytes harvested, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the A, B, C class follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS were 89.1%, 78.0%, 52.6% and 78.1%, 33.3%, respectively. 2. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%~20% ECS and FCS were 74.0%~80.6, 26.2%~30.0% and 71.7%~76.9%, 51.9%~58.0%, and those values were higher the supplement of ECS than FCS. 3. The maturation rate(68.0%~64.6%) and fertilization rate(59.6%~60.4%) of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 20~30% BFF were higher than those of follicular oocytes cultured TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 10% and 50% BFF. 4. The maturation rate(76.5%) and fertilization rate(61.7%) of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 1$\times$106/ml cumulus cells were higher than those of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 1$\times$104~5/ml and 1$\times$108/ml cumulus cells.lus cells.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

In this study, the dyeing properties of supercritical fluid dyed cotton fabrics were investigated which use two types of dyes, such as C.I. Disperse orange and C.I. Disperse red 167. Dyeing temperature, pressure and leveling time were equally applied at 130 ℃, 250 bar, and 60 minutes with reference to the related literature, and experiments were performed at concentrations of 0.04, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.8 % o.w.f with different concentrations. Dyeability was confirmed through measurement of washing fastness and color coordinate, and a calibration curve of each dye was drawn up and the absorbance of the residual dye was measured to confirm the amount of residual dye and the dye exhaustion rate at the corresponding concentration. As a result of color difference measurement, as the concentration increased, the L^* value decreased and the K/S value increased. However, as the concentration increased, the increase in K/S value decreased compared to the input amount, and this tendency was more obvious in C.I. Disperse red 167 than in C.I. Disperse orange 155. The dye exhaustion rate which was calculated by using the amount of residual dye in the pot was also C.I. Disperse orange 155 was 96.16 % and C.I. Disperse red 167 was 94.57 %. However, as the dyeing concentration increased, the dye exhaustion rate decreased, that C.I. Disperse orange was 95.33 % and C.I. Disperse red 167 was 90.63 %. As a result of the washing fastness test for both dyes, dyed samples of which concentrations were 0.4 and 0.8 % o.w.f decreased by 0.5 ~ 1.0 grade. This is predicted because the dye did not completely adhere to the amorphous region of the cotton fiber and the dye simply adsorbed. The fastness to rubbing also maintained at least grade 3-4 up to the 0.1 % o.w.f concentration, but at the concentration of 0.4 % o.w.f or higher, it fell to grade 1 or lower, showing a very poor friction fastness.