• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.523-532
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• 2013

When the golf club hits the ground prior to making contact with the golf ball, we define it as 'fat shot'. The aim of this research was to investigate the difference between normal shot and fat shot in golf. Five candidates playing as recreational golfer participated in this research and they were all right-handed people. Time phase between each event, wrist cocking angle, elbow extension-flexion angle, backswing height, pelvis angle, thorax angle, L-GRF, R-GRF, pelvis linear velocity, pelvis angular velocity and COG path were calculated. For statistical analysis the paired T-test was used. An early un-cocking, an early right elbow extension and impact with leaving their weight behind foot were not reasons of fat shot. Backswing height, X-Factor, pelvis angle and thorax rotation angle were not different between normal shot and fat shot. But we could find a pattern of abrupt pelvic movement and weight shift to target direction just before impact in case of fat shot. In addition fat shot showed time-delayed and small value of pelvis linear velocity pattern to upward during downswing phase as against normal shot.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been studied as mechanisms of ocular dominance plasticity in the rat visual cortex. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits the induction of LTP and LTD during the critical period of the rat visual cortex (postnatal 3~5 weeks). However, in adult rats, the increase in 5-HT level in the brain by the administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine reinstates ocular dominance plasticity and LTP in the visual cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP in the visual cortex obtained from 3- to 10-week-old rats. Field potentials in layer 2/3, evoked by the stimulation of underlying layer 4, was potentiated by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in 3- and 5-weekold rats, then declined to the baseline level with aging to 10 weeks. Whereas 5-HT inhibited the induction of LTP in 5-week-old rats, it reinstated the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)-dependent LTP in 8- and 10-week-old rats. Moreover, the selective SSRI citalopram reinstated LTP. The potentiating effect of 5-HT at 8 weeks of age was mediated by the activation of 5-$HT_2$ receptors, but not by the activation of either 5-$HT_{1A}$ or 5-$HT_3$ receptors. These results suggested that the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP switches from inhibitory in young rats to facilitatory in adult rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2681-2684
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• 2014

Aim: To compare drainage alone or combined with anti-tumor therapy for treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by recurrence and metastasis after primary tumor resection. Materials and Methods: We collect 42 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by recurrence and metastasis after tumor resection from January 2008 - August 2012, for which percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage (pTCD)/percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (pTBS) were performed. In 25 patients drainage was combined with anti-tumor treatment, antineoplastic therapy including intra/postprodure local treatment and postoperative systemic chemotherapy, the other 17 undergoing drainage only. We assessed the two kinds of treatment with regard to patient prognosis. Results: Both treatments demonstrated good effects in reducing bilirubin levels in the short term and promoting liver function. The time to reobstruction was 125 days in the combined group and 89 days in the drainage only group; the mean survival times were 185 and 128 days, the differences being significant. Conclusions: Interventional drainage in the treatment of the obstructive jaundice caused by recurrence and metastasis after tumor resection can decrease bilirubin level quickly in a short term and promote the liver function recovery. Combined treatment prolongs the survival time and period before reobstruction as compared to drainage only.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.372-385
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 비외과적 치주치료시 부가적으로 사용하기 위해 실험적으로 개발한 젤 형태의 테트라사이클린 및 테트라사이클린-구연산 혼합젤의 치근면에 대한 시간에 따른 활성도를 측정하고, 이를 용액 형태의 테트라사이클린 제제 또는 클로르헥시딘 들과 비교하는 것이다. 6명의 환자로 부터 18개의 발치된 치아를 실험대상으로 하였으며, 치아는 발치한 즉시 치석제거술과 치근활택술을 시행한 후 각 각 4개씩 4군으로 나누어 다옴과 같은 처치롤 하였다 ; 1) O.1% 클로르핵시딘 용액에 5분간 침전; 2) 50mg/ml의 테트라사이클린 용액에 5분간 침전; 3) 5% 테트라사이클린 젤에 5 분간 처리 ; 4) 테트라사이클린-구연산 혼합첼로 5 분간 처치; 5) 그리고 2개의 치아는 대조군으로서 멸균된 생리식염수에 5분간 처리하였다. 침전후 치아는 1ml의 tris-buffered saline이 담긴 용기에 옮겨 24시간 간격으로 탈착된 TBS용액올 교체하면서 실온에서 22일간 보관하였다. Porphyromonas gingivalis를 indicator organism으로 하여 microtiter assay를 이용하여 홉광도를 측정 함으로써 제거 된 용액 의 항 미생물 활성올 측정하였다. 1. 50mg/ml 의 테트라사이클린 수용액에 침전되었던 군은 생리식염수로 처리한 군에 비하여 17 일간 클로르헥시딘으로 처리한 군에 비하여는 16일간 항미생물 활성에 있어서 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 2. 테트라사이클린 젤과 테트라사이클린-구연산 혼합첼로 처리한 군은 대조군에 비하여 각 각 4일과 3일 까지 활성올 보였다. 3. 0.1% 클로르핵시딘 용액으로 처리한 군은 생리식염수로 처치한 군에 비하여 24시간 밖에 활성을 나타내지 못했다. 4. 전반척으로 테트라사이클린-구연산 혼합첼로 처리한 군에 비하여 테트라사이클린 첼로 처리한 군의 활성이 높았으나 유의성 있는 차이롤 보이지는 않았다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.482-485
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• 2016

In this work, a transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) experiment on animals is performed to stimulate the brain cortex of the mouse using modulated signals. The proposed TMS system is composed of the inverter, transformer, capacitor, variable inductor, and stimulation coil to generate 1.5 mT magnetic field in the brain cortex of the mouse. The stimulation signal is modulated to square wave where the carrier frequency is swept from 85 to 91 kHz to investigate the stimulation effect. The experimental result shows that when the carrier frequency of the stimulation signal is lower than 89 kHz, the reaction of the mouse does not change while the stimulation signal which has the carrier frequency higher than 89 kHz results in decreasing the threshold of the stimulus for the pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 1993

The recently proposed Bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytology has made a standardization related to "atypia". In cellular changes due to inflammation or repair, the word "benign cellular change" has been suggested as a substitute for atypia. Terminology related to atypical cells may become standardized, but the cytologic criteria has not been well defined yet. We evaluated 160 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) by the Bethesda Sys4em(TBS). Among 30,428 cases screened, a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS was made in 498 cases(1.6%) and 160 cases were histologically verified ASCUS was diagnosed based on nuclear enlargement and nonclassical signs of condyloma. The results are as follows: One hundred and twenty three cases(76.9%) revealed chronic cervicitis. Thirty seven cases(23.1%) demonstrated squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among intraepithelial lesions, condyloma and mild dysplasia were 28 cases(75.7%). Moderate and severe dysplasia were 5 cases(13.5%) and 4 cases(10.8%), respectively. it is concluded that patients with ASCUS should be colposcopically examined.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2011

This study investigates the characteristics of satellite brightness temperature (TB) and rainfall intensity over the life cycle of convective cells. The convective cells in the three event cases are detected and tracked from the growth stage to the dissipation stage using the half-hourly infrared (IR) images. For each IR images the values of minimum, mean, and variance for the convective cell's TBs and the sizes of convective cells are calculated and also the relationship between TB and rainfall intensity are investigated, which is obtained using the pixel values of satellite TB and the ground rainfall intensity measured by AWS (Automatic Weather Station). At the growth stage of the convective cells, the TB's variance and cloud size consistently increased, whereas TB's minimum and mean consistently decreased. At this stage the empirical relationships between TB and rainfall intensity are statistically significant and their slopes (intercepts) in absolute values are relatively large (small) compared to those at the dissipation stage. At the dissipation stage of the convective cells, the variability of TB distributions shows the opposite trend. The statistical significance of the empirical relationships are relatively weak, but their slopes (intercepts) vary over life cycle. These results indicate that satellite IR images can provide valuable information in identifying the convective cell's maturity stage and in the growth stage, they may be used in providing considerably accurate rainfall estimates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

The hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies on deep groundwater in the Munkyeong area, Kyeongbuk province were carried out. $CO_2$-rich groundwater (Ca-HC $O_3$ type) is characterized by low pH (5.8~6.5) and high TDS (up to 2,682 mg/L), while alkali groundwater (Na-HC $O_3$ type) shows a high pH (9.I~10.4) and relatively low TBS (72~116 mg/L). $CO_2$-rich water may have evolved by $CO_2$ added at depth during groundwater circulation. This process leads to the dissolution of surrounding rocks and Ca, Na, Mg, K and HC $O_3$ concentrations are enriched. The low Pc $o_2$ (10$^{-6.4}$atm) of alkali groundwaters seems to result from the dissolution of silicate minerals without a supply of $CO_2$. The $\delta$$^{18}$ O and $\delta$D values and tritium data indicate that two types of deep groundwater were both derived from pre-thermonuclear meteoric water. The carbon Isotope data show that dissolved carbon in the $CO_2$-rich water was possibly derived from deep-seated $CO_2$ gas. The $\delta$$^{18}$ S values of dissolved sulfate show that sulfate reduction occurred at great depths. The application of various chemical geothermometers on $CO_2$-rich groundwater shows that the calculated deep reservoir temperature is about 130~175$^{\circ}C$. Based on the geological setting, water chemistry and environmental isotope data, each of the two types of deep groundwater represent distinct hydrologic and hydrogeochemical evolution at depth and their movement is controlled by the local fracture system.m.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2016

This purpose of this study was to determine the best enrichment medium for rejuvenating and recovering Salmonella placed in cold temperature prior to the employment of the gold biosensor combined with a light microscopic imaging system. A mixture of nalidixic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis were inoculated onto chicken (1,000 CFU/chicken). After cold injury at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, Salmonella on chicken was enriched for 6 hr with six non-selective media including buffered peptone water broth, lactose broth, brain heart infusion broth (BHI), universal pre-enrichment broth, nutrient broth, and tryptic soy broth, and five selective media including brilliant green broth (BG), rappaport-vassiliadis R10 broth, selenite cystine broth, selenite broth, and tetrathionate brilliant green broth (TBG) for the comparison of Salmonella growth. Various concentrations of Salmonella (10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 CFU/chicken) were then enriched for 6 hr in both BHI and BG media to select the best media. BHI was selected as the most effective non-selective enrichment medium, while BG was selected as the most effective selective enrichment medium. Finally, BHI medium was selected as the most efficient enrichment medium for Salmonella growth injured from cold temperature during processing or storage.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

The major positive sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies not only occur in the region with the most moisture increase, but also in the flank of the area with sinking motion in the Subtropics. As the large amount of water vapor has been increased by the SST anomaly, the increased of the SST is expected to destabilize the air and leads under moist adiabatic unstable conditions, to an enhanced development of moisture cluster. The 4.0 K change of SST causes the positive difference of Brightness Temperature(TB) of about 10.0k for water vapor channels of TOVS over the north eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, but the negative difference of TB of about 7.5 K is shifted southward and southeastward to Southern Pacific Ocean along the equator correspondingly. The difference of the TBs for IR water vapor channel $11(7.3{\mu}m)$ and $12(6.7{\mu}m)$ of TOVS indicative of the moisture distribution during two time periods(January 1983 and 1984), leads us to infer significant changes in the entire tropospheric circulations and the dynamic processes over the Pacific Ocean.