• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

The tied braced frame (TBF) system was developed to achieve uniform seismic inelastic demand along the height of multi-storey eccentrically braced steel frames. A modular tied braced frame (M-TBF) configuration has been recently proposed to reach the same objective while reducing the large axial force demand imposed on the vertical tie members connecting the link beams together in TBFs. M-TBFs may however experience variations in storey drifts at levels where the ties have been removed to form the modules. In this paper, the possibility of reducing the discontinuity in displacement response of a 16-storey M-TBF structure by introducing energy dissipating (ED) devices between the modules is examined. Two M-TBF configurations are investigated: an M-TBF with two 8-storey modules and an M-TBF with four 4-storey modules. Three types of ED devices are studied: friction dampers (FD), buckling restrained bracing (BRB) members and self-centering energy dissipative (SCED) members. The ED devices were sized such that no additional force demand was imposed on the discontinuous tie members. Nonlinear response history analysis showed that all three ED systems can be used to reduce discontinuities in storey drifts of M-TBFs. The BRB members experienced the smallest peak deformations whereas minimum residual deformations were obtained with the SCED devices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1344-1356
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• 2009

The DDS (Data Distribution Service) is a data-centric communication technology that provides an efficient communication service that supports a dynamic plug & play through an automatic setting of participants' location information for each data (Topic) by using DDS discovery technique. This paper proposes the hierarchical-structured DDS discovery technique (SPDP-TBF) suitable for the large-scale distributed systems by comparing and analyzing the existing DDS discovery techniques in terms of performance and problem areas. The proposed SPDP-TBF performs the periodic discovery of the involved participants only by having separate hierarchical managers which take charge of the registration and search (of participants) so that a participant sends its information to the related participants only, and it enhances the effectiveness of the message transfer. Moreover, the proposed SPDP-TBF provides the improved scalability by performing the hierarchical discovery through hierarchical manager nodes so that it can be applied to the large-scale distributed system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of high viscosity bulk-fill resin composites, $Filtek^{TM}$ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (FBF) and $Tetric^{(R)}$ N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF), with conventional composite ($Filtek^{TM}$ Z-350 XT, Z-350). The Vickers hardness test which indicates the degree of conversion was performed and the dye penetration test was performed to measure the microleakage which indicates polymerization shrinkage amount. To minimize experimental error, the standardized 3D-printed molds and the bovine teeth were used. Obtained data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test with the confidence interval of 95%. In the microhardness test within 1 hour of polymerization, lower surface of FBF and TBF showed significantly lower value than that of Z-350 (p < 0.05). But after 24 hours, the microhardness of FBF had increased and showed no significant difference with Z-350 (p > 0.05). In top and 2 mm depth surface, mean microhardness values were in the following order: Z-350 > FBF > TBF (p < 0.05). The mean microleakage value of TBF was significantly lower than others (p < 0.05). For clinical application of bulk-fill resin composites, caution for applying masticatory forces during 24 hours after polymerization is advised and further studies to decrease microleakage should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 1997

This paper examines the relation between multidimensional linear interpolation (MDI) and regularization net-works, and shows that an MDI is a special form of regularization networks. For this purpose we propose a triangular basis function(TBF) network. Also we verified the condition when our proposed TBF becomes a well-known radial basis function (RBF).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.697-703
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• 2006

In this research, model tests for in-situ Top-Base Foundation are carried out in other to investigate the load delivering mechanism and the incremental effect of bearing capacity. According to the result of model tests, the load-settlement curves of both in-situ Top-Base(In-situ TBF) and Precast Top-Base Foundation(PC-TBF) showed similar results in term of the ground movement and effect of bearing capacity. Also, the range of vertical stresses delivered into ground was decreased with Top-Base method regarding other types foundations.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Omibaekchul-san on postpartum edema in women hospitalized at korean medical postpartum care center in comparison with Saenghwa-tang. Methods : The body composition data was collected from 102 women, who took postpartum care in postpartum care center attached to Won-kwang University Jeonju Korean Medical Hospital, from March 2012 to July 2013. The data was analyzed by Body Composition Analyzer (Inbody 720). Specifically the data was composed of the Extra Cellular Fluid/Total Body Fluid (ECF/TBF), Total Body Water (TBW), Intra Cellular Water (ICW), Extra Cellular Water (ECW), Body Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), and the ECF/TBF of each body parts such as the upperlimb, lowerlimb and trunk. The body composition was measured twice during 2~8.5 days from childbirth and once again after 7~13.5 days from childbirth by Body Composition Analyzer. Results : The Omibaekchul-san -treated group showed a significant decrease of ECF/TBF, ECW, TBF, Body weight, BMI, ECF/TBF of each body parts and increase of WHR in comparison with the data of the Saenghwa-tang-treated group. In two groups, only the change of ICW was unsignificant. Conclusions : Statistically this study suggests that the Omibaekchul-san will help the quality of life of women who are in postpartum edema.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2003

Microbial trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation using trickling biofilter (TBF) is a cost-effective treatment method, in which monooxygenase (MO) fortuitously transforms TCE via cometabolism. Simple TBF, however, could not be stably operated for long-term treatment of TCE due to the contradictory characteristics of cometabolism. In this paper, microbial biocatalyst and biofilm reactor system, a two-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)/TBF system using Burkholderia cepacia G4 and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, are evaluated for the long-term continuous treatment of TCE. The maximum TCE elimination capacities were in the range of 28 and 525 mg TCE/1$.$day. The reactor systems were stably operated for more than 3∼12 months.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.121-129
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• 2008

Numerical analysis for the in-situ top base foundation (In-situ TBF) was carried out in order to investigate the effect of bearing capacity and the load delivering mechanisms in granular soil. The input data for the numerical model was prepared from the result obtained from the plate load test and full size in-situ TBF field tests. According to the result of numerical analysis, the behavior of in-situ TBF showed that bearing capacity of the foundation increased by $50{\sim}100%$ and settlement was reduced up to $1/2{\sim}1/3$ comparing to other types foundation. The effect of cone-shaped part of the in-situ TBF was as important as pile part for the improvement of foundation stability. The variation of the length of pile part indicated that the present length was proved satisfactory in terms of effectiveness.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.39.1-39.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). Materials and Methods: Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0-1 mm and 1-2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2-3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3-4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0-1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3-4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0-1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3-4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm. Conclusions: The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.541-544
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• 2001

One of the most promising TCE treatment systems is trickling biofilter (TBF), in which monooxygenase, the corresponding enzyme for initiating growth substrate oxidation, fortuitously transforms TCE via cometabolism. TCE. however. is not easily treated by simple cometabolic biotransformation. This is mainly due to the toxicity of TCE to microbial cell and monooxygenase. In this study, we cleveloped and operated a two-stage CSTR/TBF system for the long-term continuous treatment of TCE. In the two-stage biotransfon11ation system, CSTR with cell recycle from TBR was coupled to the TBR for the reactivation of the cells deactivated during TCE degradation.