• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.792-799
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of persimmon peel on the physicochemical properties of ground pork stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: T0 without dried persimmon peel powder, and T1 with 0.3%, T2 with 0.7%, and T3 with 1.0% dried persimmon peel powder. The pH increased during storage, with the pH of T3 being the lowest (p<0.01). The L-value and b-value were not significantly changed, but the a-value decreased during storage. On the 10th day of storage, the a-values were significantly higher for T2 and T3 than for T0 and T1 (p<0.001). TBARS significantly increased during storage, with lower values for T2 and T3 than for T0 and T1 (p<0.001). DPPH free radical scavenging activity decreased during storage, with T0 having the lowest value (p<0.001). The VBN content increased during storage, and the VBN content of T0 was the highest at the 10th day (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity decreased and cooking loss increased during storage. Hardness and chewiness increased, while springiness and gumminess decreased during storage. The results of this study showed that the addition of persimmon peel during the process of making ground pork had antioxidant effects that maintained redness and physical quality. A 0.7% addition was the most appropriate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wheat and wheat bran  as the source of phytase in a 5 week broiler feeding trial. One thousand day-old broiler chickens(Ross$^{(R)}$) were divided into 20 pens of 50 broilers(25 male and 25 female) each. Four pens were randomly arranged to one of the five dietary treatments: T1, control diet containing normal nonphytate P(NPP) ;  T2, T1 － 0.1% NPP; T3, T2 ＋ 600IU microbial phytase(NOVO$^{(R)}$) per kg diet; T4, T2 ＋ 600IU plant phytase from wheat and wheat bran; T5, T2 ＋ 600IU plant phytase from wheat and hydrothermally treated wheat bran. Reduction of NPP level by 0.1%(T2) reduced weight gain and feed intake but plant phytase treatments(T4 and T5) recovered the lost performance. Plant phytase treatments showed better (p<0.05) weight gain and intake than the microbial phytase treatment(T3). There was no difference between regular wheat bran treatment(T4) and hydrothermally treated wheat bran treatment(T5). Mortality was the highest by low NPP diet(T2). Availability of ether extract and crude ash of grower diet was the highest(p<0.05) in normal wheat bran diet(T4). Availability of Ca and P of grower diet was the highest(p<0.05) in T4 followed by T3 and T5. Availability of Mg, Fe and Zn was drastically improved by phytase treatments(T3, T4 and T5). Excretion of Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Zn was the lowest(p<0.05) with microbial phytase treatment(T3). Serum level of Ca and Mg was the highest(p<0.05) with the low NPP treatment(T2). Tibial ash content of T2 and T3 was lower(p<0.05) than that of T1, T4 and T5. However, tibial Ca content was higher(p<0.05) in T1 and T2 than other treatments. Tibial P and Mg contents were the highest(p<0.05) in T1. It was concluded that plant phytase from wheat bran can be effectively used to improve P utilization. Hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran prior to inclusion in the diet had no beneficial effects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the feeding level of cracked whole barley (CWB) on fatty acid composition, free amino acid content, organic acid content, pH, HDL cholesterol, total phenol and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of finishing Hanwoo steers. The dietary treatments were consisted of five types (C: base feed + 0% CWB, T1: base feed + 10% CWB, T2: base feed + 20% CWB, T3: base feed + 30% CWB, T4: base feed + 40% CWB). A total 30 Hanwoo steers(588.6${\pm}$11.8kg) were allocated into 5 feeding groups, and a total of thirty Hanwoo steers raised from 24 to 30 months. Linoleic acid of fatty acid composition was significantly higher for cracked CWB treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 of CWB treatments was the highest than the other treatments (P<0.01). SFA, USFA, MUFA and USFA/SFA did not differ among the treatments. On the contrary, PUFA was significantly higher for CWB treatments(T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 was the highest (P<0.05). EAA was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T3 > T4 (P<0.05). NEAA was higher in the order of T2 >T3 >T1 >C >T4, although a statistical significance was not detected. The total organic acid content was the highest for T3 (20.15 mg/100g) and the lowest for T2 (13.19mg/100g). pH and total phenol of all treatments were did not differ. HDL cholesterol was higher in the order of T1 > C > T4 > T2 > T3 (P<0.01). DPPH radical scavenging activity was in order of T1 > T2 >T4 > C > T3 (P<0.01). Based on the above results, T1 treatment compared to other treatments have been shown to improve EAA, DHL, and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, and vitality related to physical exercise and health consciousness. A descriptive research design, x² test, and t test were used. Data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2019, at K city. Participants were 220 nursing students of mean age 23.7 years; 187 (85.5%) were women, 99 (45.0%) exercised regularly; 138 (62.7%) were positive about their health Ed. Note: Please confirm that these edits convey your intended meaning. The scores Ed. Note: This is not clear. Here, do you mean "mean scores of all participants"? of self-efficacy of health and body were 2.93±0.35 and 3.16±0.37, respectively; self-esteem, 2.94±0.43; and vitality, 3.78±0.52. There were significant differences in self-efficacy of health (t=3.68, p=<.001), motor function (t=5.39, p<.001), psychological function (t=2.10, p=.037), nutritional function (t=2.50, p=.013), efficacy of health management (t=2.37, p=.019), and vitality (t=12.63, p=<.001) related to physical exercise. Self-efficacy of health (t=3.73, p=<.001), motor function (t=3.29, p=.001), psychological function (t=4.01, p<.001), nutritional function (t=2.62, p=.009), efficacy of health management (t=2.51, p=.013), self-efficacy of body (t=2.59, p=.010), self-esteem (t=3.91, p=<.001), and vitality (t=2.92, p=.004) were related to health consciousness. Physical exercise and previous experience of body weight loss contributed to enhanced self-efficacy of health and vitality and health consciousness contributed to enhanced self-efficacy of health and body, self-esteem, and vitality.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic from pine needle microbes on growth performance, blood characteristics, carcass traits and economy of pigs. One hundred eighty pigs (L${\times}$Y${\times}$D, average body weight=75 kg) were grouped and housed with 15 animals per pen for 3 replications per each treatment. The ingredients and pine needle microbes mixed and fermented on anaerobic condition for 10 days to make the fermented diet. The basal diet was substituted with 0 (CON), 3 (T1), 5 (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet, the pigs were fed for 42 days and slaughtered at the end of the trial to measure the carcass traits. Crude protein concentration of fermented diet on 10 day was higher (p<0.05) than that of on 0 day, while crude fiber concentration and pH were lower (p<0.05). The supplementation of fermented diet did not affect on growth performance and feed intake. Hemoglobin concentration of whole blood in T3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of CON, and hematocrit concentrations in CON and T1 were higher (p<0.05) than that of T2 and T3. The concentration of platelet was higher (p<0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3. The CON had higher (p<0.05) total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations than the treatments, whereas lower (p<0.05) HDL-cholesterol concentration. Carcass weight and dressing in T1 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of CON and T2. The backfat thickness was higher (p<0.05) in CON and T2 than in T3. The carcass grade and economy improved by supplementation of fermented diet compare to CON. In conclusion, the supplementation of fermented diet using probiotics from pine needle microbes could improve health and meat quality and reduce the feed cost of pigs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.352-362
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of stress, healthcare accreditation related job stress, adaptation, and turnover intentions, as well as to identify influencing factors of turnover intentions for operating room nurses. This study employed a descriptive correlational design. The data were collected from 163 operating room nurses using a structural questionnaire. Stress was different by age (F=5.629, p=.004), marital status (t=-2.907, p=.004), and children (t=-2.623, p=.010). Healthcare accreditation related job stress was different by age (F=11.924, p<.001), marital status (t=-4.747, p<.001), children (t=-4.434, p<.001), work experience in the OR (F=6.000, p=.003), and work reasons in the OR (t=-2.543, p=.012). Turnover intention was different by age (F=21.472, p<.001), education level (F=4.997, p<.008), religion (t=3.235, p=.001), work experience in the OR (F=13.599, p<.001), position (t=3.222, p=.002), work reasons in the OR (t=-3.001, p=.003), and a shift pattern of duties (t=-2.797, p=.006). Turnover intention was significantly correlated with stress, healthcare accreditation related job stress, and adaptation. Factors affecting turnover intention were healthcare accreditation related job stress, adaptation, and age. These factors accounted for 36.2% of turnover intention. These results suggest that relief of stress and healthcare accreditation related job stress and interventions for improving stress management.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the change of perceptions related to E.M.T. profession of E.M.T. student and to provide the basic data for development of curriculum. The subjects of the survey were 216 students from 3 junior college by questionaire from November 25 to November 29, 1996 in Kwang-Ju, Cheong-Ju, and Kong-Ju. The results were analyzed using the SAS and can be summerized as follows : 1. The view on profession was a statistically significant difference inspecial knowledge & skill training (t=-1.686, P<.001), high income (t=-0.753, P<.05) 2. The view on competence as a E.M.T. was a statistically significant differncein sufficient professional knowledge on the E.M.T. (t=-1.144, P<.001), own's health (t=-0.808, P<.001), sincerity and responsibility (t=-1.429, P<.01), satisfaction and effort (t=-1.335, P<.01), boundary of affairs (t=-1.356, P<.01) 3. The view on E.M.T. profession was a statistically significant difference inprotect of pt. life & to relieve the pain (t=-2.388, P<.001) 4. The view on necessary knowledge of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in patient assessment (t=-2.168, P<.001), ACLS (t=1.678, P<.001), hemorrhage & shock (t=-3.252, P<.001), trauma (t=-4.284, P<.001), cardiopulmonary disturbance (t=-2.897, P<.001), acute abdomen (t=-4.284, P<.001), neonatal disease (t=-4.032, P<.001), OBGY disease(t=-4.151, P<.001), emergency delivery (t=-2.825, P<.001), infectious disease (t=-2.930, P<.001), environmental emergency (t=-3.123, P<.05), recording(t=2.22, P<.05) 5. The view on ideology of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in belief & faith (t=-2.344, P<.001), knowing of own (t=-2.142, P<.01), humanity (t=-2.581, P<.05), knowing of patient (t=-2.079, P<.05).

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.933-946
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of body composition and aging-related hormones by rhythmic exercise in elderly women. The subjects in this study were 20 olders living in a rural community, >60 years of age and were performed rhythmic exercise program during 12 weeks. The measurement of the body composition, body mass (t=3.125, p=.006), body mass index (t=3.225, p=0.004), body fat mass (t=3.782, p=0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (t=3.867, p=0.001) were significant difference after exercise program, but had no effect on lean body mass. Also, growth hormone (t=-2.221, p=0.039) and somatomedin-C (t=-9.186, p=0.000) were significantly increased after rhythmic exercise, however, rhythmic exercise had no effect on DHEA-S. These results suggest that rhythmic exercise appeared to effect of control on body composition and some aging-related hormones in elderly women.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2014

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of lotus leaf extracts on the quality characteristics of beef jerky, such as chemical composition, free amino acid, Hunter's color, physical properties, water activity, pH, TBARS value, VBN content, total bacterial count and sensory score. According to the results, there were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, L-value, b-value, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, water activity, pH, flavor, taste, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability. Total free amino acid content was highest in T0 and, lowest in T3 (p<0.05). The a-value was highest in T3 (p<0.05). The TBARS value and total bacterial count of T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). The VBN content was lowest in T3 (p<0.05) and the sensory color was highest in T3 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of dietary supplements of probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar on growth performance, feed intake, and pH, shear force, sensory evaluation, meat color and fatty acid composition of meat in broilers. Two hundred broilers were fed diets for five weeks containing 0.2% of probiotics (T1), and 1% of Illite (T2), 1% active carbon (T3), or 1% hardwood vinegar (T4). Body weight gain was higher in T1 and T4 groups fed the starter diet but was the lowest in C and T4 for finishing period (P<0.05). Feed efficiency was not significantly different. In proximate composition, crude fat content of chicken meat were decreased lower in all treatment groups than control, but moisture, crude protein and crude ash were not significantly different. Cooking loss was decreased in T3 and T4 and WHC (water holing capacity) was increased in T3 and T4 groups compared to the other groups. In sensory evaluation, T4 tended to improve the hardness. Redness $(a^*)$ and yellowness $(b^*)$ were no difference between the all treatment groups, lightness $(L^*)$ were higher in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups than control group (P<0.05). Stearic acid content was lower in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, but oleic acid contents were higher in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups (P<0.05). These results showed that supplementing broiler diets with 1.0% hardwood vinegar may noticeably improve the meat quality of broiler.