• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

In the present study, we investigated whether volatile organic compounds induce inflammatory response in human T lymphocytes by evaluating the alteration of inflammatory cytokines. Volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, o-xylene, benzene, and hydroquinone have no cytotoxic effects on Jurkat T cells at a high concentration of 50 ${\mu}M$ for 48 h. IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ were increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds, although alteration of cytokines is different among volatile organic compounds. LPS as a positive control increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$. MCP-1 and CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) were weakly increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds but the amount of the increased cytokine was below 20 pg/ml. These results suggest that the measurement of cytokine in Jurkat T cells may be used as a useful method for evaluating the toxicity of volatile organic compounds in immune response.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 1992

In the measurement of proton gyromagnetic ratio by a low field cechnique, the compensation of earth's field is required to keep a zero-field space. The constant earth's fild is compensated by a cur-rent flowing through a Helmholtz coil, whereas small time-varying component is compensated automatically by a closed loop of feedback system. A feedback amplifier, and two three-dimensional Helmholtz coils having the same coil constant have been constructed in order to compensate the earth's field. field. Preliminary test performed at the ordinary laboratory showed that the time-vary-ing field of ${\pm}100nT$ and the constant field have been reduced to the level of ${\pm}10nT$ using the compensating system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2024

Using an internal flow noise test bench, this study investigates the variation in internal flow noise at the inlet and outlet monitoring points of a DN100 T-junction pipe under different flow velocities. Results indicate that with increasing flow velocity, both the sound pressure level and total sound pressure level at the inlet and outlet monitoring points increase. The highest total sound pressure level is observed at the vertical outlet monitoring point B, followed by the horizontal inlet monitoring point A, with the lowest at the horizontal outlet monitoring point C. At a constant flow velocity, the sound pressure level at the inlet and outlet points initially increases and then decreases as frequency increases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.287-290
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• 2003

For microwave device applications, c-axis oriented high temperature superconducting YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$ (HTS-YBCO) epitaxial thin films on the r-cut sapphire substrate(Al$_2$O$_3$) were prepared. In order to reduce the lattice mismatch with a substrate and to enhance the crystallity of HTS thin films, CeO$_2$ buffer layer on the r-cut sapphire substrate was grown by the RF-magnetron sputtering. The YBCO films on the CeO$_2$ buffer layer were deposited using the pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) method. These HTS YBCO /CeO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ multilayer thin films(30 $\times$ 30 mm$^2$) routinely exhibited a critical temperature(T$_{c}$) of 89 K from the R-T measurement. Using HTS YBCO/CeO$_2$ /Al$_2$O$_3$ multilayer thin film. We fabricated and characterized the microwave passive devices (planar type filters) with cryopack-age such as the coupled -line type low-pass filter (LPF) and the open-loop meander type bandpass filter (BPF).filter (BPF).).

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.652-657
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• 2007

This paper is an interim report on the investigation of thermodynamic properties of $CO_2$/oil mixture refrigerant. First, liquid density of POE (poly-ol ester) and PAG (poly alkylene glycol) were measured and expressed as a function of temperature. Then, a solubility equation was developed which enables us to calculate the weight fraction of $CO_2$ for the mixture in a liquid state. An experimental apparatus with a cell was constructed to measure P-$\upsilon$-T-$\chi$ data for $CO_2$/oil mixture. The volume of the cell was determined using a certain formula considering change in volume as a function of temperature and pressure. Then, experimental data were obtained over the temperatures $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ with various mole fractions. Finally, assuming a primitive model of ideal gas, the volume of $CO_2$/oil mixture was predicted with a relatively larger error of 5.05% for $CO_2$/PAG and 8.81% for $CO_2$/POE. The volume of $CO_2$/oil mixtures would be better predicted using an appropriate equation of state, of which results will be reported soon.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2024

Objectives : Intestinal epithelial cell damage is closely associated with various intestinal diseases, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Celiac Disease and Gastroenteritis, and it plays a crucial role in the development and progression of intestinal diseases. Therefore, it is important to develop drugs that target protection of intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we aimed to investigated whether Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) against t-BHP induced oxidative stress injury in human intestinal epithelial cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods : In this study, we performed MTT assay, measurement of ROS generation, and immunoblot analysis to determine the cytoprotective efficacy in HT29 cells (human colorectal adenocarinoma cell line with epithelial morphogy). Results : First, we checked that BCL was not cytotoxic up to concentration 30 ㎍/mL in HT29 cells. Then, we confirmed that BCL inhibited t-BHP-induced ROS and cell death. BCL also reversed the expression of proteins associated apoptosis. Next, to confirm the relationship between efficacy of BCL and Nrf2, we conducted experiments using siNrf2. Asresult, the effects of inhibiting ROS production and cell death of BCL was reversed by siNrf2. Conclusion : BCL prevents t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. And the efficacy of BCL is related to Nrf2 activation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.764-767
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• 2003

The characteristics of diesel spray have much effect on the engine performances such as power. fuel consumption rate and emissions. Therefore, the measurement of fuel spray characteristics is very important for the improvement of heat engine. The factors which control diesel spray characteristics are injection pressure, ambient temperature and density etc. Spray behaviors are visualized by using the high speed video camera and spray angle, spray penetration are measured. Experimental equations of spray penetration and spray angle were derived by using the experimental results. 1) Ambient temperature and density influence on the characteristics of diesel spray. 2) Experimental equation of spray penetration is expressed as follows 0＜t＜ $t_{b}$ ; $S_1$=11.628$\Delta$ $P^{0.485}$ $\rho$$_{a}$ $^{-0.478}$ $t^{1.337}$, $t_{b}$ ＜t; $S_2$=7.457$\Delta$ $P^{0.523}$ $\rho$$_{a}$ $^{-0.382}$ $t^{0.548}$ 3) Experimental equation of spray Angie is expressed as follows $T_{a}$ =293K; Tan($\theta$/2)=059($\rho$$_{a}$ / $\rho$$_{f}$ )$^{0.437}$, $T_{a}$ =473K; Tan($\theta$/2)=0588($\rho$$_{a}$ / $\rho$$_{f}$ )$^{0.404}$_{f}$ )$^{0.404}$

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2008

Cytogenetic characteristics of three Hemibarbus species (H. labeo, H. longirostris and H. mylodon) were analyzed based on erythrocyte measurement, flow cytometric estimation of cellular DNA content, and karyological analysis. Average nuclear volumes for H. labeo, H. longirostris and H. mylodon were 22.5, 21.7 and $26.0\;{\mu}m^3$, respectively. The estimated genome sizes of those three species were not significantly different from one another, being recorded as 2.51, 2.33 and 2.35 pg/cell for H. labeo, H. longirostris and H. mylodon, respectively. Modal chromosome numbers of the three species were the same as 2n = 50. However, their karyotypes and fundamental numbers (FN) were different among species; 16M+16SM+18T/A (FN = 82) for H. labeo, 18M+16SM+16T/A (FN = 84) for H. longirostris and 18M+24SM+8T/A (FN = 92) for H. mylodon.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.554-560
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• 2007

This study was aimed to identify the effect of abdominal moxibustion on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in university students. The data were collected by using questionnaires from April 25, 2005 to June 20, 2005. The subjects were university students from in the Pusan metropolitan area who had complained of menstrual discomfort. Thirteen students were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen students to the control group. The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. In the research method pretest were conducted through measurement based on scores of general character, menstrual character, premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in the experimental group and the control group. Experimentation was conducted by abdominal moxibustion being applied on the kwan-won hole and Ki-hae hole for 25 minutes at a time, three times a week, form the ending of one menstrual cycle to the beginning of the next menstrual cycle were in the experimental group. After treatment was finished, post tests conducted through measurement based on scores of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in the experimental group. The control group conducted a point of same time and same measurement with the experimental group. The instruments used in this study MDQ(Menstual Distress Questionnaire) developed by moos(1968) and the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) developed by Cline(1992). The data were analysed by SPSS/ win 12.0 program with ${\chi}$2-test and t-test to verify identification among subjects' general characteristics and menstrual characteristics. Hypothesis verification was analysed with t-test. The results of the study are as follows: The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received abdominal moxibustion will decrease premenstrual symptoms more than the control group', was supported (t= -2.121, p=.022). The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received adbominal moxibustion will decrease dysmenorrhea compared to the control group', was supported (t=-4.424, p=.001). As a result of this study, abdominal moxibustion will be used as a nursing aide to improve and prevent menstrual discomfort of university students who have premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Acoustic noise during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the main source for patient discomfort. we report our preliminary experience with this technique in neuroimaging with regard to subjective and objective noise levels and image quality. 60 patients(29 males, 31 females, average age of 60.1) underwent routine brain MRI with 3.0 Tesla (MAGNETOM Tim Trio; Siemens, Germany) system and 12-channel head coil. Q-$T_2$ and $T_2$ sequence were performed. Measurement of sound pressure levels (SPL) and heart rate on Q-$T_2$ and $T_2$ was performed respectively. Quantitative analysis was carried out by measuring the SNR, CNR, and SIR values of Q-$T_2$, $T_2$ and a statistical analysis was performed using independent sample T-test. Qualitative analysis was evaluated by the eyes for the overall quality image of Q-$T_2$ and $T_2$. A 5-point evaluation scale was used, including excellent(5), good(4), fair(3), poor(2), and unacceptable(1). The average noise and peak noise decreased by $15dB_A$ and $10dB_A$ on $T_2$ and Q-$T_2$ test. Also, the average value of heartbeat rate was lower in Q-$T_2$ for 120 seconds in each test, but there was no statistical significance. The quantitative analysis showed that there was no significant difference between CNR and SIR, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) as SNR had a lower average value on Q-$T_2$. According to the qualitative analysis, the overall quality image of 59 case $T_2$ and Q-$T_2$ was evaluated as excellent at 5 points, and 1 case was evaluated as good at 4 points due to a motion artifact. Q-$T_2$ is a promising technique for acoustic noise reduction and improved patient comfort.