• 천문학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1999

We have carried out high-resolution observations along one-dimensional cuts through the three Galactic super-shells GS 064-01-97, GS 090-28-17, and GS 174+02-64 in the HI 21 cm and CO J=l-0 lines. By comparing the HI data with IRAS data, we have derived the distributions of the $I_{100}$ and $T_{100}$ excesses, which are, respectively, the 100 ${\mu}m$ intensity and 100 ${\mu}m$ optical depth in excess of what would be expected from HI emission. We have found that both the $I_{100}$ and $T_{100}$ excesses have good correlations with the CO integrated intensity W co in all three supershells. But the $I_{100}$ excess appears to underestimate $H_2$ column density N($H_2$) by factors of 1.5-3.8. This factor is the ratio of atomic to molecular infrared emissivities, and we show that it can be roughly determined from the HI and IRAS data. By comparing the $T_{100}$ excess with $W_{co}$, we derive the conversion factor X $\equiv$ N ($H_2$) /$W_{co}{\simeq}$ 0.26 - 0.66 in the three supershells. In GS 090- 28-17, which is a very diffuse shell, our result suggests that the region with N($H_2$) $\le$ $3 {\times} 10^{20} cm^{-2}$ does not have observable CO emission, which appears to be consistent with previous results indicating that diffuse molecular gas is not observable in CO. Our results show that the molecular gas has a 60/100 ${\mu}m$ color temperature $T_d$ lower than the atomic gas. The low value of $T_d$ might be due either to the low equilibrium temperature or to the lower abundance of small grains, or a combination of both.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.471-477
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• 1997

A study detennined whether certain biochemical and physiological variables were altered during marginal Zn deficiency. Ten weaned crossbred Hereford Angus heifer calves, weighing $163{\pm}2kg$, were utilized. Five calves were fed a Zn - deficient (- Zn) brome-alfalfa hay diet containing 17 mg Zn/kg diet DM, and five calves were fed a Zn-adequate (+Zn) diet with 23 mg Zn/kg diet DM from $ZnSO_4$ added to the - Zn diet (total diet, 40 mg Zn/kg diet DM), for 32 d. At 21 d the - Zn calves had a reduction (p < .05) in feed efficiency. By 25 d, plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. Blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, Cu plasma concentration and Zn and Cu concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and liver were not altered (p > .05) by the - Zn diet through 25 d. In response to a single i. m. injection of dexamethasone (20 mg) on d 25, calves fed the two dietary Zn amounts showed no changes (p > .05) in plasma or RBC Zn and Cu concentrations, serum IGF-I, insulin, and glucose when measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after injection. In response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin on d 30, cell mediated immune (CMI) response was reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. These observations indicate that during a marginal Zn deficiency in calves, there was a decrease in feed efficiency, plasma Zn, serum alkaline phosphatase, and CMI response.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the quantity of Holstein dry cow manure excreted and their characteristics. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follow; The average body weight of the Holstein dry cow during experiment was 619.9kg. The feed intake(DM basis) and water consumption was 10.7, 38.6kg/day/head, repectively. The manure production of Holstein dry cow was 44.8kg/day/head (feces 26.9, urine 17.9kg). The moisture content of feces and urine was 84.5%, 95.3%, respectively. Wastewater pollutant concentration of $BOD_5$(Biochemical Oxygen demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen demand), SS(Suspended Solids), T-N(Total Nitrogen) and T-P(Total Phosphorus), excreted from Holstein dry cow was 16,874,55,763, 87,333, 2,353, $368mg/{\ell}$ in feces and 5,621, 8,673, 518, 2,423, $3mg/{\ell}$ in urine, repectively. The fertilizer content of manure, N(Nitrogen), $P_2O_5$(Phosphoric acid) and $K_2O$(Potassium oxide) was 0.24, 0.08, 0.15% in feces and 0.24, 0.001, 0.30% in urine, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the effects of tomato powder (TP) on cooked pork patties during storage at $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in the dark. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of TP extract were 26.22 mg gallic acid/100 g and 3.52 mg quercetin/100 g, respectively. The extract of TP showed a potential antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical-scavenging assay ($EC_{50}=16.76{\mu}g/mL$). Pork patties were manufactured with 0.25% (T1), 0.5% (T2), 0.75% (T3) and 1.0% (T4) TP in a basic formula (C). The pH and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values of T2, T3 and T4 patties were lower (p<0.05) than the C patties during storage. Increased concentration of TP in meat patties decreased (p<0.05) the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total plate count (TPC) values at d 7 of storage. Tomato treated-patties had lower (p<0.05) values for lightness ($L^*$), but higher (p<0.05) values for redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) at d 3 and 7 of storage compared with the C. In the case of sensory evaluation, the scores of colour, flavour and overall acceptability of T3 and T4 patties were higher (p<0.05) than those of the C patty after 3 or 7 days of storage.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권S1호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2000

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.512-515
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• 2003

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

New pyrochlore-type phases($A_2$$B_2$$O_{7}$) were synthesized in the systems: CaO-C$eO_2$-T$iO_2$, CaO-$UO_2$(T$hO_2$)-Z$rO_2$, CaO-$UO_2$(T$hO_2$)-$Gd_2$$O_3$-T$iO_2$-Z$rO_2$, 및 CaO-T$hO_2$-S$nO_2$. The starting materials were pressed with the pressure of 200~400 MPa and sintered at 1500~ 155$0^{\circ}C$ for 4~8 hours in air and at 1300~ 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 ~50 hours under oxygen atmosphere. The products were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM. In the bulk compositions of CaCe$Ti_2$$O_{7}$, CaTh$Zr_2$$O_{7}$,($Ca_{0.5}$ Gd$Th_{0.5}$)(ZrTi)$O_{7}$) ($Ca_{0.5}$Gd$Th_{0.5}$)(ZrTi)$O_{7}$, ($Ca_{0.5}$G$dU_{0.5}$)(ZrTi)$O_{7}$ and CaTh$Sn_2$$O_{7}$ , pyrochlore was the major phase, together with other oxide phase $of_2$$O_{7}$ fluorite structure. In the samples with target compositions CaU$Zr_2$$O_2$및 $Ca_{0.5}$ G$dU_{0.5}$)$Zr_2$T$iO_{7}$ pyrochlore was not identified, but a fluorite-structured phase was detected. The formation factor as the stable phase depended on crystal chemical characteristics of the actinide and lanthanide elements of the system concerned.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing ${\beta}$ cells in the pancreatic islets. The onset of T1D is the consequence of a progressive destruction of islet ${\beta}$ cells mediated by an imbalance between effector $CD4^+$ T helper (Th)1 and regulatory $CD4^+$ Th2 cell function. Since interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) has been known to modulate immune function and autoimmunity, we investigated whether administration of adenoviralmediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene would inhibit the diabetic process in NOD mice. The development of diabetes was significantly inhibited by a single injection of adenoviral-mediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene before 8 weeks of age. Next, we examined the hypothesis that Th2-type cytokines are associated with host protection against autoimmune diabetes, whereas Th1-type cytokines are associated with pathogenesis of T1D. The expression of IFN-${\alpha}$ induced increase of serum IL-4 and IL-6 (Th2 cytokines) levels and decrease of serum IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokines) levels. Therefore, overexpression of IFN-${\alpha}$ by adenoviralmediated delivery provides modulation of pathogenic progression and protection of NOD mice from T1D.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2004

효과적인 살충제로 pyrazole 계통의 화합물이 널리 알려졌으며, 이중에 fenpyroximate와 tebufenpyrad는 시판되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 fenpyroximate의 새로운 유도체로써 5-번 위치가 치환된 pyrazole oxime ether를 합성하였다. 본 연구의 핵심 중간체인 4-formyl-5-chloro-pyrazole 2는 ethyl acetoacetate와 methylhyazine의 축합반응으로 얻은 pyrazolone 1을 Vilsmeier-Haack chloroformylation을 통하여 합성하였다. 2에 nucleophilic aromatic substitution 반응을 하여 질소고리화합물이 5-번 위치에 도입된 pyrazole aldehyde 3a-i를 만든 후, 차레로 oxime 화합물 4a-i 그리고 oxime ether 화합물 6a-i를 각각 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물 중에서 6d는 벼멸구 (Brown Planthopper, BPH), 배추좀나방 (Diamondback Moth, DBM), 점박이응애 (Two Spotted Spider Mite, TSSM)에서 높은 활성을 보여주고 있으며, 이는 fenpyroximate의 살충활성과 비슷하였다. 본 결과는 6d가 다양한 곤충 및 응애에 대하여 효과가 우월하여 살충, 살비제로써 개발 가능성을 보여주고 있다.