• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship among activities of daily living, ego integrity, social support and the compliance of patient-role behavior in elderly patients receiving hemodialysis, including the effect of these variables on the compliance of patient-role behavior. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted with 150 elderly patients over 65 years of age who were also receiving hemodialysis. Data was collected from September 28 to November 13, 2021 and analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: The results show that patient compliance had significant correlations with ego integrity (r=.63, p<.001) and social support (r=.28, p=.001). The other factors influencing patient compliance were the sub-domains of ego integrity, such as the acceptance of the past and the presence (β=.46, p<.001) and attitudes toward life (β=.26 p<.001), with an explanatory power of approximately 35.0% (F=17.21, p<.001). Conclusion: This study confirms that the ego integrity of elderly patients receiving hemodialysis has an effect on the compliance of patient role behavior. Nursing intervention programs that improve the ego integrity of elderly hemodialysis patients could help improve the compliance of patient-role behavior, which is an important factor in the disease management process.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.1028-1041
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the potential of school meals in South Korea as a sustainable tool to reduce carbon emissions by focusing on animal- vs. plant-based protein foods. MATERIALS/METHODS: By using a stratified proportional allocation method, 536 out of the 11,082 schools nationwide were selected including 21 kindergartens, 287 elementary-, 120 middle- and 108 high schools. A total of 2,680 meals served for 5 consecutive days (June 21-25, 2021) were collected. We analyzed the average serving amounts of protein foods (animal- vs. plant-based) per meal and then, calculated the estimated average amounts of carbon emission equivalents per meal by applying the conversion coefficients. The t-test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The average serving amount of animal-based protein foods per meal was 12.5 g, which was approximately 3 times higher than that of plant-based ones (3.8 g) (P < 0.001); the Meat-group had the highest average amount of 17.0 g, followed by Egg-group (9.6 g), Fish-group (7.6 g), and Beans-and-Nuts-group (3.8 g) (P < 0.05). Specifically, pork (25.1 g) was ranked first, followed by poultry (19.6 g), processed meat products (18.0 g). The estimated average amount of carbon emission equivalents of animal-based protein foods per meal was 80.1 g CO₂e, which was approximately 31 times higher than that of plant-based ones (2.6 g CO₂e) (P < 0.001); the Meat-group had the highest average amount of 120.3 g CO₂e, followed by Fish-group (44.5 g CO₂e), Egg-group (25.9 g CO₂e), and Beans-and-Nuts-group (2.6 g CO₂e) (P < 0.05). Specifically, processed meat products (270.8 g CO₂e) were ranked first, followed by pork (91.7 g CO₂e), and processed fish products (86.6 g CO₂e). CONCLUSIONS: The results implied that school meals with plant-based alternatives could be a sustainable tool to improve carbon footprint.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.23.1-23.8
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The formation of new bone by periosteum due to an insult is called periosteal bone reaction (PBR). This study assessed the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) patterns of periosteal bone reactions associated with periapical inflammatory lesion (apical periodontitis/periapical rarefying osteitis). Materials and Methods: Twenty-two small field of view CBCT images of patients with PBR were selected from a database of a private practice limited to endodontics. The volume of the periapical inflammatory lesion, the presence of cortical fenestration, the distance of the root apices to the affected cortex, and the location, pattern, and longest diameter of the periosteal reaction were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Ranksum, Fischer's exact, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, and paired t-test. Results: In all cases, periosteal bone reaction manifested as either parallel (90.9%) or irregular (9.1%). No correlation was found between periapical inflammatory lesion volume and the periosteal reaction's longest diameter (p > 0.05). Cortical fenestration was noted in 72.7% of the cases. In addition, the findings showed that periosteal reactions were located mostly on the buccal and were present 53.8% and 100% of the time in the mandible and maxilla, respectively. Conclusions: The periosteal reactions of endodontic origin had a nonaggressive form (i.e., parallel or irregular), and none of the lesions resulted in a periosteal reaction with an ominous Codman's triangle or spicule pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate student nurses' satisfaction by type of clinical practicum and to determine predictors of clinical competence in pediatric nursing. Methods: A total of 189 Junior and Senior student nurses across seven colleges in the Busan Metropolitan City were enrolled in the study. The participants completed a structured questionnaire containing items about their learning satisfaction with different types of pediatric nursing practicums and their clinical competence. Data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Regarding satisfaction with each type of clinical practicum, the mean satisfaction score (out of 10) was 8.18±2.26 for on-site clinical rotations and 7.35±2.20 for alternative practicums. Among the different types of alternative practicum approaches, those with a satisfaction score of 7 or higher included fundamental nursing skills, watching videos, simulation etc., while those with a satisfaction score of less than 6 were virtual simulation and problem-based learning. The predictors of clinical competence in pediatric nursing were learning satisfaction with practice, school year, and alternative practicum, accounting for 35.0% of the variance in clinical competency. Conclusion: It would be helpful to combine on-site clinical rotations with alternative practicum approaches and to develop various alternative practice programs using simulation practice, virtual reality, immersive interactive systems, and standardized patients to enhance students' clinical competency.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2020

Objective: To assess the feasibility of simultaneous multislice-accelerated diffusion-weighted imaging (SMS-DWI) of the rectum in comparison with conventional DWI (C-DWI) in rectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 65 patients with initially-diagnosed rectal cancer. All patients underwent C-DWI and SMS-DWI with acceleration factors of 2 and 3 (SMS2-DWI and SMS3-DWI, respectively) using a 3T scanner. Acquisition times of the three DWI sequences were measured. Image quality in the three DWI sequences was reviewed by two independent radiologists using a 4-point Likert scale and subsequently compared using the Friedman test. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for rectal cancer and the normal rectal wall were compared among the three sequences using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Acquisition times using C-DWI, SMS2-DWI, and SMS3-DWI were 173 seconds, 107 seconds, (38.2% shorter than C-DWI), and 77 seconds (55.5% shorter than C-DWI), respectively. For all image quality parameters other than distortion (margin sharpness, artifact, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality), C-DWI and SMS2-DWI yielded better results than did SMS3-DWI (Ps < 0.001), with no significant differences observed between C-DWI and SMS2-DWI (Ps ≥ 0.054). ADC values of rectal cancer (p = 0.943) and normal rectal wall (p = 0.360) were not significantly different among C-DWI, SMS2-DWI, and SMS3-DWI. Conclusion: SMS-DWI using an acceleration factor of 2 is feasible for rectal MRI resulting in substantial reductions in acquisition time while maintaining diagnostic image quality and similar ADC values to those of C-DWI.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2024

Background: The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), a method of lumbar stabilization training, is an effective neuromuscular intervention for lumbar instability associated with low back pain (LBP). Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a 2-week period of the ADIM and tensor fasciae latae-iliotibial band (TFL-ITB) self-stretching on lumbopelvic rotation angle, lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, TFL-ITB length, and pain intensity during active prone hip lateral rotation. Methods: Twenty-two subjects with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying shortened TFL-ITB (16 males and 6 females) were recruited for this study. The subjects were instructed how to perform ADIM training or ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching program at home for a 2-week period. A 3-dimensional ultrasonic motion analysis system was used to measure the lumbopelvic rotation angle and lumbopelvic rotation movement onset. An independent t-test was used to determine between-group differences for each outcome measure (lumbopelvic rotation angle, lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, TFL-ITB length, and pain intensity). Results: The results showed that ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching decreased the lumbopelvic rotation angle, delayed the lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, and elongated the TFL-ITB significantly more than did ADIM training alone. Pain intensity was lower in the ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching group than the ADIM training alone group; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching performed for a 2-week period at home may be an effective treatment for modifying lumbopelvic motion and reducing LBP.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Globally, 25 million children were either unvaccinated or under-vaccinated in year 2021. Among them, India had the highest number of children unvaccinated. Studies have shown impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on routine health-care services. Present study aimed to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of routine immunization services during years 2020 and 2021 in tertiary-care facility. Materials and Methods: Record based descriptive analytic study was conducted at pediatric tertiary-care hospital, Jaipur. Data of children vaccinated as per the National Immunization Schedule for the period January 2019 to December 2021 were retrieved from the immunization records. Doses administered were assessed as a proxy measure of vaccine coverage. The vaccination trends of 2020 and 2021 were compared assuming base year 2019. Unpaired t-test of significance and Pearson correlation was used for correlation analysis. Results: There was significant drop in the vaccine counts after emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. In year 2020 and 2021, mean monthly vaccine count was 2,190±715.1 and 2,305±393.2, respectively, in which maximum drop was in April 2020 (-79.12%) and May 2021 (-57.16%) when it was compared with matched month of base year. There was negative correlation between percent change in vaccine count and COVID-19 cases in 2020 (r=-0.057, p=0.861) and 2021 (r=-0.827, p=0.001) as compared to year 2019. Conclusion: Study concludes that there was a significant gap in utilization of routine immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This necessitates planning and management of routine immunization services in-case of future pandemics to avoid resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the Rajasthan.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2023

Objective: Little is known about the effects of using different expert-determined reference standards when evaluating the performance of deep learning-based automatic detection (DLAD) models and their added value to radiologists. We assessed the concordance of expert-determined standards with a clinical gold standard (herein, pathological confirmation) and the effects of different expert-determined reference standards on the estimates of radiologists' diagnostic performance to detect malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs with and without the assistance of a DLAD model. Materials and Methods: This study included chest radiographs from 50 patients with pathologically proven lung cancer and 50 controls. Five expert-determined standards were constructed using the interpretations of 10 experts: individual judgment by the most experienced expert, majority vote, consensus judgments of two and three experts, and a latent class analysis (LCA) model. In separate reader tests, additional 10 radiologists independently interpreted the radiographs and then assisted with the DLAD model. Their diagnostic performance was estimated using the clinical gold standard and various expert-determined standards as the reference standard, and the results were compared using the t test with Bonferroni correction. Results: The LCA model (sensitivity, 72.6%; specificity, 100%) was most similar to the clinical gold standard. When expert-determined standards were used, the sensitivities of radiologists and DLAD model alone were overestimated, and their specificities were underestimated (all p-values < 0.05). DLAD assistance diminished the overestimation of sensitivity but exaggerated the underestimation of specificity (all p-values < 0.001). The DLAD model improved sensitivity and specificity to a greater extent when using the clinical gold standard than when using the expert-determined standards (all p-values < 0.001), except for sensitivity with the LCA model (p = 0.094). Conclusion: The LCA model was most similar to the clinical gold standard for malignant pulmonary nodule detection on chest radiographs. Expert-determined standards caused bias in measuring the diagnostic performance of the artificial intelligence model.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Foot alignment affects the overall balance and alignment of the body. This study examined the relationship between the foot parameters and scoliosis in children and adolescents through simple radiographs. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-one outpatients under 15 years old from 2013 to 2022 were evaluated. Patients with an abnormal leg length discrepancy or pelvic tilt were screened. The patients included were divided into four groups. Each group was tested to determine if they had scoliosis. The foot anterior-posterior/lateral X-rays were selected for the foot parameters, and the EOS system was used for the spline and pelvis parameters. Results: A t-test of all groups showed no statistically significant difference as the p-value exceeded 0.05. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the Cobb's angle and foot parameters did not show a significant correlation. On the other hand, female and older patients had a higher Cobb's angle. Conclusion: No direct relationship was noted between scoliosis and the foot parameters that could be measured radiographically among children and adolescents. In addition, no correction between the Cobb's angle and foot parameters was found.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of public hospital nurses' psychological capital and nursing work environment on job embeddedness. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 21 to 31, 2022. A total of 200 participants working at a public hospital in Gyeonggi-do were recruited. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The mean scores of psychological capital and nursing work environment were 3.32±0.60 out of 5 and 2.43±0.48 out of 4, respectively. The mean score for Job embeddedness was 3.14±0.72 out of 5. Psychological capital showed a significant positive correlation with nursing work environment and job embeddeness, and nursing work environment also showed a significant positive correlation with job embeddedness. The factors affecting job embeddeness of public hospital nurses were positive psychological capital, nursing work environment, and age. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that in order to increase job embeddedness, it is necessary to develop education and programs that can strengthen positive psychological capital of public hospital nurses. In addition, the nursing work environment must be improved by providing appropriate manpower and resources.