• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a novel method to evaluate the alveolar bone and interdental septum in the anterior mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six CBCT scans from adult patients were selected. The CBCT scans were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. The following measurements were taken: width of the alveolar bone and the interdental septum, height of the interdental septum, height of the bone plates, distance between the cementoenamel junction and marginal bone crests, and vertical positioning of the mandibular incisor, using the lingual plane as a reference. To test the reproducibility and the stability of the lingual plane, a triangle was traced in the anterior mandible. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to determine intra- and inter-examiner agreement. The paired Student t-test was used to evaluate the area of the triangle and the reproducibility of all measurements. Results: The ICC was excellent for the alveolar bone and dental measurements (0.9989 and 0.9977, respectively), as well as for the interdental septum (0.9987 and 0.9961, respectively). The area of the triangles showed stability in the lingual plane (P>0.05). For the alveolar bone, mandibular incisor, and interdental septum measurements, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 examiners(P>0.05), confirming the technical reliability of the measurements. Conclusion: The method used in this study provides a valid and reproducible assessment of alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior mandible measured on CBCT images.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2021

Objective: This outcome analysis study evaluated the actual positions of the orthodontic miniplate and miniplate anchoring screws (MPASs) and the risk factors affecting adjacent anatomic structures after miniplate placement in the mandibular incisal area. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 97 orthodontic miniplates and their 194 MPASs (diameter, 1.5 mm; length, 4 mm) in patients whose miniplates provided sufficient clinical stability for orthodontic treatment were retrospectively reviewed. For evaluating the actual positions of the miniplates and analyzing the risk factors, including the effects on adjacent roots, MPAS placement height (PH), placement depth (PD), plate angle (PA), mental fossa angle (MA), and root proximity were assessed using the paired t-test, analysis of variance, and generalized linear model and regression analyses. Results: The mean PDs of MPASs at positions 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) were 2.01 mm and 2.23 mm, respectively. PA was significantly higher in the Class III malocclusion group than in the other groups. PH was positively correlated with MA and PD at P1. Of the 97 MPASs at P1, 49 were in the no-root area and 48 in the dentulous area; moreover, 19 showed a degree of root contact (19.6%) without root perforation. All MPASs at P2 were in the no-root area. Conclusions: Positioning the miniplate head approximately 1 mm lower than the mucogingival junction is highly likely to provide sufficient PH for the P1-MPASs to be placed in the no-root area.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

Background Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most frequent congenital craniofacial deformities, with an incidence of approximately 1 per 700 people. Postoperative palatal fistula is one of the most significant long-term complications. This study investigated the incidence of postoperative palatal fistula and its predictive factors based on 25 years of experience at our hospital. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 636 consecutive palatal repairs performed between January 1996 and October 2020 by a single surgeon. Data from patients' medical records regarding cleft palate repair were analyzed. The preoperative extent of the cleft was evaluated using the Veau classification system, and the cleft palate repair technique was chosen according to the extent of the cleft. SPSS version 25.0 was used for all statistical analyses, and exploratory univariate associations were investigated using the t-test. Results Fistulas occurred in 20 of the 636 patients; thus, the incidence of palatal fistula was 3.1%. The most common fistula location was the hard palate (9/20, 45%), followed by the junction of the hard and soft palate (6/20, 30%) and the soft palate (5/20, 25%). The cleft palate repair technique significantly predicted the incidence of palatal fistula following cleft palate repair (P=0.042). Fistula incidence was significantly higher in patients who underwent surgery using the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty technique (12.1%) than in cases where the Busan modification (3.0%) or two-flap technique (2.0%) was used. Conclusions The overall incidence of palatal fistulas was 3.1% in this study. Moreover, the technique of cleft palate repair predicted fistula incidence.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.20-37
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• 2023

Purpose: Our pilot study showed that a 3-dimensional dual drug delivery scaffold (DDDS) loaded with Chinese herbs significantly increased the regenerated bone volume fraction. This study aimed to confirm the synergistic anti-inflammatory and osteogenic preclinical effects of this system. Methods: The targets and pathways of parthenolide and naringin were predicted. Three cell models were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of parthenolide and the osteogenic effects of naringin. First, the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of surgical defects were measured in a rat model of periodontitis with periodontal fenestration defects. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Furthermore, the number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, as well as the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and levels of ALP were determined. Results: Target prediction suggested prostaglandin peroxidase synthase (PTGS2) as a potential target of parthenolide, while cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A1 (CYP19A1) and taste 2 receptor member 31 (TAS2R31) were potential targets of naringin. Parthenolide mainly targeted inflammation-related pathways, while naringin participated in steroid hormone synthesis and taste transduction. In vitro experiments revealed significant antiinflammatory effects of parthenolide on RAW264.7 cells, and significant osteogenic effects of naringin on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and MC3T3-E1 cells. DDDS loaded with parthenolide and naringin decreased the CEJ-ABC distance and increased BMD and ALP levels in a time-dependent manner. Inflammation was significantly alleviated after 14 days of DDDS treatment. Additionally, after 56 days, the DDDS group exhibited the highest BMD and ALP levels. Conclusions: DDDS loaded with parthenolide and naringin in a rat model achieved significant synergistic anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects, providing powerful preclinical evidence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

In this paper, to substitute the existing TWTA(Travailing Wave Tube Amplifier) component in small radar system, we developed the Ku band SSPA(Solid-State Power Amplifier) based on the fabrication of power MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) chips. For the development of the 500 W SSPA, the 40 W-grade power MMIC was designed by ADS(Advanced Design System) at Keysight company with UMS GH015 library, and was processed by UMS foundry service. And 70 W main power modules were achieved the 2-way T-junction combiner method by using the 40 W-grade power MMICs. Finally, the 500 W SSPA was fabricated by the wave guide type power divider between the drive power amplifier and power modules, and power combiner with same type between power modules and output port. The electrical properties of this SSPA had 504 W output power, -58.11 dBc spurious, 1.74 °/us phase variation, and -143 dBm/Hz noise level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.52.1-52.11
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of low and moderate concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) loaded into a hydrogel system on crown discoloration and explored whether application of an adhesive bonding agent prevented crown discoloration. Materials and Methods: Intact human molars (n = 160) were horizontally sectioned 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were randomized into 8 experimental groups (calcium hydroxide, Ca[OH]₂; 1, 10, and 1,000 mg/mL TAP and DAP; and no medicament. The pulp chambers in half of the samples were coated with an adhesive bonding agent before receiving the intracanal medicament. Color changes (ΔE) were detected by spectrophotometry after 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks, and after 5,000 thermal cycles, with ΔE = 3.7 as a perceptible threshold. The 1-sample t-test was used to determine the significance of color changes relative to 3.7. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, adhesive, and time on color change, and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Ca(OH)₂ and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP did not cause clinically perceivable tooth discoloration. Adhesive agent use significantly decreased tooth discoloration in the 1,000 mg/mL TAP group up to 4 weeks. However, adhesive use did not significantly improve coronal discoloration after thermocycling when 1,000 mg/mL TAP was used. Conclusions: Ca(OH)₂ and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP showed no clinical discoloration. Using an adhesive significantly improved coronal discoloration up to 4 weeks with 1,000 mg/mL TAP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2010

Purpose: The objectives of the current study are to assess the accuracy of X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography (microCT) in measuring enamel thickness and to evaluate enamel thickness in maxillary incisors of Koreans. Materials and methods: Five maxillary incisors were embedded in resin block. These teeth were longitudinally sectioned labiolingually through the medial axis. After polishing, the teeth were scanned using a microCT (X-EYE SYSTEM; DRGEM, Seoul, Korea). On a scanning electron microscope (S-4300; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) (${\times}20$) and a microCT, nearly identical planes were reconstructed. In each tooth, the thickness of labial enamel was measured 1, 3 and 5 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Thus, the accuracy of the microCT was evaluated. In addition, using 26 maxillary central incisors and 11 maxillary lateral incisors, in the medial axis and 2 mm remote areas mesially and distally from the medial axis, the thickness of labial enamel was measured 1, 3 and 5 mm above the CEJ along the long axis of the teeth. Results: Measurements from nearly identical planes in physical and microCT sections differed by 3.81%. An independent t-test was performed and this showed that there were no significant differences in the measurements between the two methods. Mean values of labial enamel thickness in maxillary central incisors 1, 3 and 5 mm above the CEJ were $0.32{\pm}0.01$, $0.50{\pm}0.0.2$ and $0.70{\pm}0.02\;mm$, respectively. Mean values of labial enamel thickness in maxillary lateral incisors 1, 3 and 5 mm above the CEJ were $0.30{\pm}0.01$, $0.55{\pm}0.03$ and $0.80{\pm}0.02\;mm$, respectively. Conclusion: In measuring enamel thickness, microCT is one of useful way of measurement. So according to the results of this research, when restoring a porcelain laminate veneer on maxillary incisors in Koreans, careful consideration is needed in the amount of enamel reduction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

Genetically modified (GM) rice Agb0101, which expresses the insecticidal toxin modified cry1Ac (mcry1Ac1) gene, was developed by the Rural Development Administration in Korea. To monitor the probable release of Agb0101 in the future, it is necessary to develop a reliable detection method. Here, we developed the PCR detection method for monitoring and tracing of GM rice. The primer pair (RBEgh-1/-2) from a starch branching enzyme (RBE4) gene was designed as an endogenous reference, giving rise to an expected PCR amplicon of 101 bp. For the qualitative PCR detection, construct- and event-specific primers were designed on the basis of integration sequence of T-DNA. Event-specific PCRs amplified specifically 5'- or 3'-junction region spanning the native genome DNA and the integrated gene construct, while none of amplified product was shown on crops, rice varieties, and other insect-resistant transgenic rice lines. The event-specific real-time PCR method was performed using TaqMan probe and plasmid pRBECrR containing both rice endogenous gene RBE4 sequence and 5'-junction sequence as the reference molecule. The absolute limit of quantification (LOQ) of real-time PCR was established with around 10 copies for one plasmid molecule pRBECrR. Thereafter, the different amounts of transgenic rice (1, 3, 5, and 10%, respectively) were quantified by using the established real-time PCR method, with a range below 19.55% of the accuracy expressed as bias, 0.06-0.40 of standard deviation (SD) and 3.80-7.01% of relative standard deviations (RSD), respectively. These results indicate that the qualitative and quantitative PCR methods could be used effectively to detect the event Agb0101 in monitoring and traceability.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Recently, due to the increase in skin diseases caused by particulate matter, endocrine disruptor and environmental changes, the trend of development of cosmetic materials has been shifting to the more safe and effective ingredients based on natural materials rather than existing synthetic compounds like steroids and antihistamines. This study aimed to develop a new natural cosmetic materials using oriental herbs such as Eucommiae cortex, Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel and Bombyx batryticatus. First, DPPH assay was performed to examine the antioxidative activity of the herbal extract (Mix) and 98.8% DPPH radical scavenging activity was confirmed at $400{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of it. In order to confirm the whitening efficacy of oriental herbal extracts(mix), the amount of melanin synthesized after stimulation of ${\alpha}-MSH$ with B16F10 cells was measured. Results showed that it was decreased to 27.1% comparing with the only ${\alpha}-MSH$ treated group, which confirmed the whitening efficacy. Also, both nitric oxide(NO) production and iNOS and COX-2 expression were significantly reduced in RAW264.7 macrophages activated by LPS in the presence of the extracts(Mix). The mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was also analyzed to confirm the inhibition effect of the extracts on inflammation. Finally, to confirm the enhancement of skin barrier function, the expression of claudin 1 gene, a tight junction protein, was observed using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and increased as concentration dependent manner. From these results, it is concluded that the oriental herbal extracts(Mix) containing Eucommiae cortex, Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel and Bombyx batryticatus is effective for antioxidant, anti-inflammation, skin whitening, and skin barrier and thus could be applied as a new natural cosmetic material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2004

For Exp. 1, one hundred twenty Duroc${\times}$ Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace pigs (6.34${\pm}$ 0.70 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35 d growth assay. There were six pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC (negative control; basal diet), 2) PC (positive control; added 5% HP $300^{(R)}$, HAMLET PROTEIN A/S, as protein source), 3) PSP 2.5 (added 2.5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$, Genebiotech Co. Ltd., as protein source), 4) PSP 5.0 (added 5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$ as protein source), and 5) PSP 7.5 (added 7.5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$ as protein source). For d 21, ADFI was increased in pigs fed PSP diets compared with PC diet (p<0.05). ADG was tended to improve as concentration of PSP in the diets was increased. For d 21-35 and entire experimental period, pigs fed PSP diets had more feed intake than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05). For the whole period, ADG was improved in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Linear effect, p=0.05). On d 21 and d 35, digestibilities of DM and N were higher (p<0.05) for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC diet and PSP 2.5 treatment was the highest among the treatments. On d 21, digestibility of N was significantly improved in PSP treatments compared with PC treatment (p<0.05). For Exp. 2, five Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace barrows (8.74${\pm}$0.22 kg average initial BW) were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannulas approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction. The experimental designs were 5${\times}$5 latin squares with pigs and periods as blocking criteria. Dietary treatments were same as Exp.1. Generally, apparent ileal digestibilities of DM and N were higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05) and PSP 5.0 and 2.5 treatments were the highest among the treatments, respectively. Apparent ileal digestibilities of the whole amino acids were increased in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Quadratic effect, p${\leq}$0.05). Also, histidine, lysine and threonine digestibilities in essential amino acids and alanine, asparatic acid and glycine digestibilities in non essential amino acids were significantly higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed PC diets (p${\leq}$0.05). In conclusion, feeding processed soy protein to weanling pigs increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility and apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, N and most amino acids.