• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2020

Background: The effects of diol-ginsenoside fraction (Diol-GF) and triol-ginsenoside fraction (Triol-GF) from Korean Red Ginseng on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) were examined in diabetes-prone biobreeding (DP-BB) rats that spontaneously develop T1D through an autoimmune process. Methods: DP-BB female rats were treated with Diol-GF or Triol-GF daily from the age of 3-4 weeks up to 11-12 weeks (1 mg/g body weight). Results: Diol-GF delayed the onset, and reduced the incidence, of T1D. Islets of Diol-GF-treated DP-BB rats showed significantly lower insulitis and preserved higher plasma and pancreatic insulin levels. Diol-GF failed to change the proportion of lymphocyte subsets such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages in the spleen and blood. Diol-GF had no effect on the ability of DP-BB rat splenocytes to induce diabetes in recipients. Diol-GF and diol-ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor α production, whereas diol-ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd decreased interleukin 1β production in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, mixed cytokine- and chemical-induced β-cell cytotoxicity was greatly inhibited by Diol-GF and diol-ginsenosides Rc and Rd in RIN5mF cells. However, nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells was unaffected by diol-ginsenosides. Conclusion: Diol-GF, but not Triol-GF, significantly delayed the development of insulitis and T1D in DP-BB rats. The antidiabetogenic action of Diol-GF may result from the decrease in cytokine production and increase in β-cell resistance to cytokine/free radical-induced cytotoxicity.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

I. Objective The primary requirement of an endodontic root canal sealer is the biologic compatibility, because they remain in close contact with living periapical tissues over a long period of time. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of resin-based root canal sealers, AH 26 and ADSEAL. II. Material & Methods In this study, human periodontal ligament cells, human oral cancer cells (KB) and mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1) were used. Specimens of AH26, ADSEAL were eluted with culture medium for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT assay) for mitochondrial enzyme activity and cell viability. Genotoxicity was evaluated by using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Also cell apoptosis induced by AH 26 was detected by Hoechst33258 staining. III. Results AH 26 and ADSEAL exhibited cytotoxic effects in all investigated cell groups. Genotoxicity was also noted for both sealers in mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1). But, ADSEAL presented significantly low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity compared with AH 26. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by AH 26 resulted in apopotosis. IV. Conclusion Our results clearly indicate that the recently invented ADSEAL has better biocompatibility than another resin based root canal sealer, AH 26. However ideal root canal sealer should have not only biocompatibility but also satisfactory physico-chemical properties such as sealing ability and stability. Thus continuous studies and developments should follow.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.408-413
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• 1998

To establish prediabetes in vitro/ model concerning the etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) in cellular level we have designed experimental prediabefic model in pancreatic beta cells. RINm5F, HIT-T15 and isolated rat islets were chosen as pancreatic beta cells. Since interleukin-$1{\beta}$-induced beta cell cytotoxicity has been implicated in the autoimmune cytotoxicity of IDDM, we used inteleukin-$1{\beta}$ as diabetogenic agent. For establishment of prediabetic in vitro model, the degree of beta cell deterioration was determined by cell proliferation, insulin release and morphological appearance. Cell proliferation, insulin release and morphology were changed dose-dependently in condition that inteleuldn-$1{\beta}$ was exposured to pancreatic beta cells. The concentration and exposure time of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ to set up prediabetic model in beta cell lines and isolated rat islets were 100${\sim}$1000U/ml, 48hr. And 25${\sim}$100U/ml, 48hr, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2021

Prodigiosins, which are natural tripyrrole red pigments and synthetic derivatives, reportedly have multiple biological effects mainly on various types of cancer cells. However, the effects of bacterial prodigiosin on non-cancerous HaCaT human skin keratinocytes have not been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the functional activities of prodigiosin derived from cultures of the bacterium Hahella chejuensis in HaCaT cells. Cell viability, the cell proliferation rate, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro were assayed following treatment of HaCaT cells with prodigiosin. Prodigiosin did not cause cytotoxicity and notably increased proliferation of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, prodigiosin reduced ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced ROS production and the inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. More importantly, prodigiosin reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and increased collagen synthesis in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells, demonstrating that it elicits anti-aging effects. In conclusion, our results reveal that H. chejuensis-derived prodigiosin is a potential natural product to develop functional cosmetic ingredients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3191-3196
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• 2013

Leaf extracts of Cassia alata L (akapulko), traditionally used for treatment of a variety of diseases, were evaluated for their potential antitumor properties in vitro. MTT assays were used to examine the cytotoxic effects of crude extracts on five human cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, derived from a breast carcinoma, SK-BR-3, another breast carcinoma, T24 a bladder carcinoma, Col 2, a colorectal carcinoma, and A549, a nonsmall cell lung adenocarcinoma. Hexane extracts showed remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7, T24, and Col 2 in a dose-dependent manner. This observation was confirmed by morphological investigation using light microscopy. Further bioassay-directed fractionation of the cytotoxic extract led to the isolation of a TLC-pure isolate labeled as f6l. Isolate f6l was further evaluated using MTT assay and morphological and biochemical investigations, which likewise showed selectivity to MCF-7, T24, and Col 2 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 16, 17, and 17 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Isolate f6l, however, showed no cytotoxicity towards the non-cancer Chinese hamster ovarian cell line (CHO-AA8). Cytochemical investigation using DAPI staining and biochemical investigation using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-a method used to detect DNA fragmentation-together with caspase assay, demonstrated apoptotic cell death. Spectral characterization of isolate f6l revealed that it contained polyunsaturated fatty acid esters. Considering the cytotoxicity profile and its mode of action, f6l might represent a new promising compound with potential for development as an anticancer drug with low or no toxicity to non-cancer cells used in this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2277-2284
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• 2016

Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves has cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines but is less toxic towards normal cells. However, it can easily be degraded after administration so it needs to be formulated into nanoparticles to increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein extract of M. jalapa L. leaves (RIP-MJ) incorporated into nanoparticles conjugated with Anti-EpCAM antibodies, and to determine its cytotoxicity and selectivity in the T47D breast cancer cell line. RIP-MJ was extracted from red-flowered M. jalapa L. leaves. Nanoparticles were formulated based on polyelectrolyte complexation using low viscosity chitosan and alginate, then chemically conjugated with anti-EpCAM antibody using EDAC based on carbodiimide reaction. RIP-MJ nanoparticles were characterised for the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The cytotoxicity of RIP-MJ nanoparticles against T47D and Vero cells was then determined with MTT assay. The optimal formula of RIP-MJ nanoparticles was obtained at the concentration of RIP-MJ, low viscosity chitosan and alginate respectively 0.05%, 1%, and 0.4% (m/v). RIP-MJ nanoparticles are hexagonal with high entrapment efficiency of 98.6%, average size of 130.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.380 and zeta potential +26.33 mV. The $IC_{50}$ values of both anti-EpCAM-conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ nanoparticles for T47D cells (13.3 and $14.9{\mu}g/mL$) were lower than for Vero cells (27.8 and $33.6{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ values of conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ for both cells were much lower than $IC_{50}$ values of non-formulated RIP-MJ (>$500{\mu}g/mL$).

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and KB cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ of values of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts in KB cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these extracts decreased in the following order: hexane extract > chloroform extract > methanol extract> dichloromethane extract > ethyl acetate extract>ethanol extract by the MTT method. The dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza was extracted several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of the extract against microorganisms were also examined. Amtimicrobial activity of ketoconazol as reference was compared to those of extracts of hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts from the sample had growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and fungi. These results suggest that the hexane and chloroform soluble extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza may be a valuable choice for the studies on the tumor cell lines and growth inhibition activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated that the effects of corynoxeine on the apoptosis by inducible CT105 in PC 12 cells and neuronpathogenic agent as CT105 confirmed with apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, neurite outgrowth and immunocytochemistry analysis This study examines whether corynoxeine have an anti-alzhmeimer agent by inhibition of apoptosis by CT105 and induces neurite outgrowth. Cytotoxicity was assessed in PC12 cell cultures by DNA fragmentation and measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media. The treatment of corynoxeine in exposure of cultures to CT105 and provided complete protection against cytotoxicity. CT105-induced cytotoxicity was blocked by apoptotsis, repaired by DNA fragmentation, neurite outgrowth and exposure to CT105 expression and regenerated with neurite outgrowth and immunocytochemistry by corynoxeine. These results indicate that in neuronal cell cultures, damage of T105, repaired excitotoxicity by corynoxeine and CT105-induced cytotoxicity is blocked primarily by the activation of anti-apoptosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.255-259
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• 1999

The anticarcinogenic effects of the methanol extracts from leek (buchu in Korean) kimchi and Korean cabbage kimchi were evaluated using cytotoxicity and transformation tests in C3H/10T1/2 cells. Various fractions of the 6-day fermented leek kimchi at 15$^{\circ}C$, hexane, methanol soluble, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fraction, were also studied in the same system. The inhibitory effect of the leek kimchi(6-day fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$, pH 4.29) was higher than that of the Korean cabbage kimchi(4-day fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$, pH 4.21) on the cytotoxicity induced by 3-methylcholanthrane (MCA) in the C3H/10T1/2 cell system. While the MCA-treated culture(control) formed 21.0 foci of type II plus III in C3H/10T1/2 cells, 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the methanol extract of the leek kimchi and that of the 4-day fermented Korean cabbage kimchi treated cultures reduced the formation of type II plus III foci to 7.4 and 11.3, respectively. Among the fractions of the leek kimchi, the dichloromethane fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on MCA-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells. Fifty $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction from the leek kimchi suppressed the MCA-induced cytotoxicity by 77%. On the transformation test using MCA, the dichloromethane fraction considerably reduced the formation of type II plus III foci, especially thpe III foci. When 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction from the leek kimchi was treated, the numbers of type III foci mediated by MCA were decreased to 1.7 compared to 10 for the control. These results indicate that leek kimchi has stronger anticarcinogenic effects than Korean cabbage kimchi and that the dichloromethane fraction of the leek kimchi may contain the major compound(s) that suppress the carcinogenesis in the eukaryotic cells.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-90
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• 1996

This experiment was designed to study the antitumor effects and Activity of Natural Killer Cell of semen Tiglii plus Rhizoma Rhei. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects were evaluated on human cell lines(A549, Caki-1, LL2, Sarcoma 180, NIH/3T3) after exposure to prebrewed Semen Tiglii plus Rhizoma Rhei water extract 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6mg/ml using in MTT assay, LDH, colony forming efficency and SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for cytotoxic and antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows. 1. From the result of MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of ST(生巴豆霜), ST+RR(生巴豆霜加大黃) were concentration-dependently increased in both group of the ST and ST+RR, the cytotoxicity of ST+RR(生巴豆霜加大黃) was similar to that of ST(生巴豆霜). 2. From the result of LDH, the cytotoxicity of ST, ST +RR were concentrati -on-dependently increased in both group of the ST and ST+RR, the cytotoxicity of ST+RR was similar to that of ST. 3. The antitumor effect on A549 tumor cell from the result of colony forming efficiency showed the inhibitory effect on the growth in both group of the ST and ST+RR, the inhibitory effect on growth was low slightly in the ST+RR. 4. From the result of SRB assay, the antitumor effect on caki-1 tumor cell of ST, ST+RR showed the inhibitory effect on the growth in both group of the ST and ST+RR, the antitumor effect of ST+RR was similar to that of ST. 5. Median survival time and increased life span were increased slightly in both group of the ST and ST+RR. 6. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cell were increased slightly in both group of the ST and ST+RR. 7. The activity of NK cell was increased in the ST+RR.