• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 1996

Aragonite is one of polymorphs of calcium carbonate of which main form is calcite. We found that white precipitate is formed in much amount by boiling underwater of Inchon, Korea and confirmed that it is aragonite. This study is to evaluate the dimensional characteristics, solubility, acid resistance of aragonite and the cytotoxicity, cell division disturbance and cell transforming ability of it on BALB/3T3 cells. The results are as follows: Lengths of the aragonite were reduced to the 72.7% and 22.7% respectively after 5 months and 7 months of intrapleurai injection to the Sprague-Dawley rat. Strong acid such as 1M HCl dissolved the aragonite instantly but weaker acid pH 2.0 or more could not dissolved aragonite easily. The result of cell growth inhibition showed that cell numbers were decreased as log-doses of treatment of the aragonite were increased 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours later. Cell plating efficiency after the aragonite treatment also showed dose-dependent decrease. Multinuclear giant cell formation was increased in the aragonite treated cells until ID$_{50}$ and after the dose the multinucleate cells were decreased, but remained much higher than negative control cells. Morphological transformation assay showed that the aragonite did not induce transformation in all treated doses.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.719-725
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells. Methods: The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) cell viability and proliferation were determined by WST-1 assay and changes shape of nucleus were evaluated by Hoechst staining under fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, observation of cell morphological changes under light microscopy. Results: SLS induced cytotoxicity and a marked apoptosis in both HaCaT and NIH-3T3 cell lines. With the result of the WST-1 assay, SLS induced the cytotoxicity of 0.005% and 0.0075%, 0.01% SLS for 24 h after HaCaT and NIH-3T3 cells in time and dose-dependent manner(p<0.005). SLS inhibited cell growth and caused apoptosis as evidenced by nuclear fragmentation and condensation. Thus, determination of the morphological changes to define apoptosis was visualized using inverted phase contrast microscopy. Conclusions: SLS had toxicity of the human keratinocyte cells and mouse fibroblast cells and this study will provide the basic data for the development of proper SLS concentration in dentifrice.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2018

We synthesized 1, 2-hexanediol galactoside (HD-Gal) from HD using Escherichia coli (E. coli) ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (${\beta}-gal$), in which the reaction is generally called as transgalactosylation (reverse hydrolysis). In this study, we investigated how much HD-Gal and HD had a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell, in order to compare HD-Gal with HD in terms of the cytotoxicity of human skin cell. Cell proliferation assay and phase-contrast microscope observation were used for investigating the cytotoxicity. As a result, HD-Gal had not cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell in the concentration range from 42.2 to 211 mM. In addition, when we observed the cells using microscopy, there was no change in the cell morphology. Meanwhile, when 42.2 mM and 84.4 mM HD were treated on HaCaT cell, we did not observe the cytotoxicity; however, when 168.8 mM and 211 mM HD were on HaCaT cell, HD had a higher cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell. In addition, when HD was treated on the cells regardless of the concentration of HD, there were obvious changes in cell morphology and cell number. It was expected hopefully that HD-Gal would be applicable as a substitute for HD as a less toxic preservative in views of safety, health, and well-being.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.604-611
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the immune activity, anticancer activity and nitrile scavenging activities of methanol extracts from the various organs of four Korean resource plants. The immune responses from both human T and B cell line was significantly enhanced in the cell growth compared to control while the cell growth was influenced at a certain period of culture. The results revealed that the cell growth of both human T and B cell was altered in a time dependent manner. Among tested several resource plants, the flower extract of E. japonicum demonstrated a pronounced cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell with an IC50 value $132.08{\mu}g\;ml-1$. The flower extract from Corylopsis coreana had a promising scavenging activity against pH 1.2 compared to other species. Taken together, the studied resource plants have influenced significantly in response to immunity and also have the potential cytotoxicity and nitric scavenging activities. However, the species E. japonicum exhibited the pronounced activities from several resource plants. The result from this investigation suggests that the extracts of studied resource plant could be an addition to basic medicine for some diseases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 1996

Hatomarubigins inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines including multidrug-resistance cells. Hatomarubigins were found to potentiate the colchicine- and vinblastine-induced cytotoxicity against KB-C2 cell, but not the adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity against KB-C2 cells. Hatomarubigins didn't affect the sensitive KB cells. These results suggest that hatomarubigins are specific potentiators of colchicine. Among four hatomarubigins, hatomarubigin A sho- wed the highest synergestic effect on colchine-induced cytotoxicity. Similar effect of hatomarubigin A was found against V79/ADM cells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.403-424
• /
• 1996

Cell culture methods have been used to assess the cytotoxicity of dental materials. Different paramaters are used to monitor cytotoxic effects. But it is difficult to compare each investigator's results with different methods. The objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic effect of several retrograde filling materials according to cell lines and assay methods. Cytotoxicity of Bestalloy (Dogmyung, Korea), Prisma APH(Densply International Inc., U.S.A.), Clearfil FII (Kuraray Co., Japan), Fuji II (GC Co., Japan), Fuji II LC (GC Co., Japan) and IRM (Densply Co., U.S.A.) on L929, 3T3 and KB permanent cell lines was measured. Radiochromium, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release method and colorimetric assays, namely neutral red (NR) and MTT were used. Each material was mixed according to the manufacturer's instruction. They were tested as solid and extracted state. Cell culture media were added to each mixed or solid materials then the solution was collected and used as extract solutions. Solid Fuji II showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines using radiochromium release method. There was no difference in cytotoxicity of extract solution group using radiochromium release method. In colorimetric assay immediate Fuji II group and all the IRM groups showed severe cytotoxic effect. Difference in cyctotoxicity was due to rather kinds of cell lines than assay methods. Solid Fuji II and IRM showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines. But extract solutions had different cytotoxic effect according to cell lines using LDH release assay. Light-cured glass ionomer had mild to moderate degree of cytotoxicity on three cell lines. Cytotoxicity was affected by specimen prepaton. Susceptibility of each cell ines were also affected by assay emthods. It was suggested that cytotoxicity study using only one cell line and/or assay method might not accurately reflect the real toxic nature of dental biomaterials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Nickel is a major metal used in the nickel-chromium alloys of most orthodontic appliances, partial denture and implants. This study was carried out for the examination of the cytotoxicity on nickel sulfide in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and poncirin effect on nickel-induced cytotoxicity. Methods : Cell viability for the MTT assay and cell adhesion activity for the XTT assay. Results : The $IC_{50}$ of nickel sulfide by the MTT assay was $93.7\;{\mu}M$. Poncirin was significantly increased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity. Conclusion : Nickel was highly toxic and poncirin has the inhibitory effects against nickel induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2023

In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with KRG improve the parameters of immune activity such as the cytotoxicity, populations of CD4⁺ CD8⁺T cell, CD3^-CD172^-CD8⁺ NK cell and CD172⁺ monocyte as well as natural cytotoxicity receptors such as Nkp46, Nkp44, Nkp30. In results, KRG significantly increased these immune activities. These results indicate that KRG has distinct immuneenhancing effects by increasing the roles of T cells and NK cell in porcine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.15
• /
• pp.6581-6589
• /
• 2015

Background: Previously, stingless bee (Trigona spp.) products from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were successfully screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer derived cell lines. It was established that propolis from T. incisa presented the highest in vitro cytotoxicity against the SW620 colon cancer cell line (6% cell survival in $20{\mu}g/mL$). Materials and Methods: Propolis from T. incisa was extracted with methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the MTT assay against human colon (SW620), liver (Hep-G2), gastric (KATO-III), lung (Chago) and breast (BT474) cancer derived cell lines. The active fractions were further enriched by silica gel quick column, absorption and size exclusion chromatography. The purity of each fraction was checked by thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity in BT-474 cells induced by cardanol compared to doxorubicin were evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide and annexin-V stained cells. Results: A cardol isomer was found to be the major compound in one active fraction (F45) of T. incisa propolis, with a cytotoxicity against the SW620 ($IC_{50}$ of $4.51{\pm}0.76{\mu}g/mL$), KATO-III (IC50 of $6.06{\pm}0.39{\mu}g/mL$), Hep-G2 ($IC_{50}$ of $0.71{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/mL$), Chago I ($IC_{50}$ of $0.81{\pm}0.18{\mu}g/mL$) and BT474 (IC50 of $4.28{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mL$) cell lines. Early apoptosis (programmed cell death) of SW620 cells was induced by the cardol containing F45 fraction at the $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{80}$ concentrations, respectively, within 2-6 h of incubation. In addition, the F45 fraction induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Conclusions: Indonesian stingless bee (T. incisa) propolis had moderately potent in vitro anticancer activity on human cancer derived cell lines. Cardol or 5-pentadecyl resorcinol was identified as a major active compound and induced apoptosis in SW620 cells in an early period (${\leq}6h$) and cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Thus, cardol is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate cytotoxicity of several herbicides (Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin) in cultured mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Tetrazolium (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) of the colorimetric assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity on cell organelles. 2 x 10$^4$cell/$m\ell$ of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multidish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution (1, 25, 50 or 100 $\mu$M) of each herbicide. After the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts of all groups were cultured in the same condition for 48 hours, MTT, NR and SRB assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity. The light microscopic study was carried out to examine morphological changes of cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The MTT$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor, Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1560.97 $\mu$M, 56.15 $\mu$M, 3138.81 $\mu$M and 1301.82 $\mu$M, respectively. The NR$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1763.93 $\mu$M, 45.98 $\mu$M, 1030.85 $\mu$M and 1808.29 $\mu$M, respectively. The SRB$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1913.38 $\mu$M, 65.30 $\mu$M, 1860.73 $\mu$M and 1086.93 $\mu$M, respectively. The morphological changes of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts showed severe degeneration in Butachlor 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M concentrations. These results indicate that Butachlor has high cytotoxicity, Bentazone, Paraquat and Ethalfluralin very weak cytotoxicity against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.lasts.