• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.295-303
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• 2012

Removal of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) was evaluated in a DEPHANOX process by adding Al(III) to the separator to maintain T-P in the final effluent below 0.2 mg/L. pH in each reactor was maintained 7~8 after addition of Al(III) to the levels of 5, 10, 15 mg/L. The removal efficiency of COD and T-N decreased at higher Al(III) dose, but T-P removal efficiency increased from 76.28 to 84.02, 94.66% at Al(III) dose of 5, 10, 15 mg/L, respectively. T-P in effluent showed 0.17 mg/L at Al(III) dose of 15 mg/L. Minimum 15 mg/L of Al(III) was required to maitain T-P below 0.2 mg/L in the final effluent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2009

This study was accomplished using Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic upflow packed-bed column reactors with fixed media and Loop Reactor with fluidized media instead of Oxic reactor. The objectives of this study was to investigate the characteristics of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage with the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $BOD_5$ and SS increase as increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) until 16 h of the HRT, and they were constant over 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 86.6% and 90.9% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of SS in packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 78.0% and 88.2% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ and $COD_{Mn}$ showed similar trends as those of $BOD_5$ and SS. At the HRT of 16 h, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was 63.5%, 75.2% and that of $COD_{Mn}$ was 60.7%, 73.6% respectively. The average removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P increase as increasing the HRT. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P in Loop Reactor were 33.6% and 54.5% respectively at 16 h of the HRT and T-N and T-P were better removed in Loop Reactor. From this result, it was found that the performance of Loop Reactor was much higher than the performance of packed-bed reactor and the optimum HRT was 16 h.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The effect of organic material loadings on nutrient removal characteristics were investigated in sequencing batch reactor, in which a flat sheet type microfiltration membrane with a pore size of $0.4\;{\mu}m$ was submerged. Three organic concentrations of 200 mg/L (Run-1), 400 mg/L (Run-2) and 800 mg/L (Run-3) were carried out continuously to identify their effect on the filtration performance and nutrient removal. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were increased with the increase of COD/N and COD/P. The T-N removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 28.1, 32.6 and 90.4%, the average concentrations of T-N in permeate were 32.0, 30.0, and 4.3 mg/L, respectively. The T-P removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 13.6, 35.3 and 93.1%, the average concentrations of T-P in permeate were 3.11, 2.33, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

The adaptability of earthworm casts produced form the waste sludge of pulp and paper plants for a biocarrier used in the advanced wastewater treatment was investigated. Removal efficiencies of nutrients in the activated sludge technology without carrier were compared with those treated with carrier made of casts under the different conditions such as the composition of the input and kinds of carrier. When the waste water was treated in the activated sludge technology without carriers, removal efficiencies of T-P and T-N were average values of 31% and 52%, respectively. On the contrary, pellet type carrier and pack type carrier increased the removal efficiencies of T-P and T-N by 1.3~1.4 and 1.9~2.0 times, respectively. At the same time, the high removal of T-P and T-N were observed irrespective of the types of carrier in which many kinds of microorganisms were grown. The difference in the removal efficiencies of BOD and COD between the treatment with and without carrier was negligible. According to this research, the carrier made of casts was thought to be highly applicable in the advanced wastewater treatment.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2006

COD 제거효율은 각 조의 부처꽃을 제외한 대조군의 경우 물상추 56%, 달뿌리풀 48%, 미나리 41%의 제거효율을 보이고, 발포유리가 첨가된 조의 경우는 물상추 69%, 달뿌리풀 68% 미나리 62%의 제거효율을 보임으로써 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 COD 제거효율이 대조군 보다 높았다. T-N의 제거효율은 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 경우 부처꽃 91%, 달뿌리풀 93%와 발포유리를 첨가한 혼합조가 94%의 높은 T-N 제거효율 보임으로써 모든 질소성분이 제거된 것으로 사료된다. T-P의 제거효율은 대조군의 부처꽃 35%, 달뿌리풀 8%이며, 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 부처꽃 78%, 달뿌리풀 43%로 발포유리를 첨가한조의 T-P 제거효율이 대조군 보다 높았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

This study was accomplished using Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic biofilm reactors with fixed media and post-treatment reactor for natural purification with aquatic floating plants. The objectives of this study was to investigate the characteristics of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage with the HRT. The average removal efficiency of SS and $COD_{Cr}$ increases as increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) until 12 hr of the HRT, and it was constant over 12 hr of the HRT. The removal efficiency of them was about 93% and 89% respectively over the 12 hr of HRT. The average $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$ increases as increasing the HRT and the removal efficiency of them was 84.91 % and 76.03% respectively at the 26 hr of HRT. The removal efficiency of T-N and T-P increases as increasing the HRT until 61 hr of the HRT, and it was constant over 61 hr of the HRT. At the HRT of 61 hr, it was 70.20%, 77.86% respectively. It was found that the optimum HRT was 61 hr in case of the nutrients. Before and after experiment, the nitrogen content was similar in leaves of the water hyacinths but the nitrogen content in roots after experiment was 5.5% more than its content before experiment. It was known that the nitrogen was absorbed by the water hyacinths.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.436-443
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• 2005

A study of physical properties and their application using K-powdered activated carbon system followed powdered carbon dispersion was carried out at laboratory. scale. Two types of K-powdered activated carbon for the dispersion have been used in this study to investigate the catalytic removal efficiency of pollutants from the wastewater. From the surface properties obtained for carbon samples treated with aqueous solutions containing potassium salts, main investigations were subjected to isotherm shape, SEM, EDX and surface functional groups. K-powdered activated carbons were dispersed to wastewater with pH variation to investigate the removal efficiency for the color, COD, T-N and T-P. From these removal results of the piggery waste using K-powdered activated carbon, satisfactory removal performance in the region of pH 6~8 was achieved. The excellent effects for the dispersion of the K-powdered activated carbon were proved by the above mentioned properties of the material for adsorption and trapping of organics, and catalytic effects.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on removal efficiencies of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in MBR-RO process for treating synthetic sewage. In MBR process, turbidity was less than average 2 NTU and average removal efficiency showed more than 99% during the operation period(MBR 105 day). As a result of HRT variation, average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ on HRT 6, 12, 18 and 24hour were about 72.4, 84, 88.6 and 92.5%, respectively. The $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal efficiency was about 60.2 85.5, 91.3 and 92.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies increased from 53.7 and 56.8 to 82.5 and 86.4%, respectively as the HRT increased from 6 hour to 24 hour. In RO process, average removal efficiencies of color and $COD_{Cr}$ in RO permeate were about 99.9% and 96.8%, respectively. Also, removal efficiencies of T-N, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $NO_3{^-}-N$ and T-P were all above average 90%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.426-431
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the virus removal from artificial groundwater using Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH). Batch experiments were conducted under various experimental conditions to examine bacteriophage T7 removal with Mg-Fe LDH. Results showed that the removal of T7 by Mg-Fe LDH was a fast process, reaching equilibrium within 2~3 hrs. Mg-Fe LDH had the virus removal capacity of $1.57{\times}10^8pfu/g$ with a removal percent of 96%. Results also showed that the effect of solution pH on T7 removal was minimal between pH 6.2 and 9.1. The influence of anions ($SO_4^{2-}$, $CO_3^{2-}$, $HPO_4^{2-}$) on T7 removal was significant due to their competition with bacteriophage at the sorption sites on LDH, while the effect of $NO_3^-$ was negligible. This study demonstrated that Mg-Fe LDH could be applied as adsorbents for virus removal in water treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.380-384
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• 2007

The COD removal capacity of aquatic plants, when foamed glasses were not used, showed 56% for Pistia straiotes, 48% for Phragmites japonica and 41% for Oenanthe javanica, but no significant COD removal was observed for Lythrum anceps. When the foamed glasses were used as support materials, the COD removal efficiency increased for all aquatic plants used in this study showing 69% fur Pistia straiotes, 68% for Pharagmites japonica 62% for Oenanthe javanica, respectively. The T-N removal efficiency of aquatic plants when foamed glasses were used as support materials showed 91% for Lythrum anceps and 93% for Phragmites japonica. Similar removal efficiency was observed as 94% for all aquatic plants planted as a group used in this study. The T-P removal efficiency of aquatic plants when foamed glasses were not used showed 35% for Lythrum anceps, 8% for Phragmites japonica, however, that, when foamed glasses were used, ranged 78% for Lythrum anceps, 43% for Phragmites japonica, showing that the foamed glasses increase the T-P removal efficiency of aquatic plants used in this study.