• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

In this study, the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s guideline MEPC. 277 (64) was developed and evaluated for the removal efficiency of T-N in a SBR and MBR combined process. This combined process of resized equipment based on large capacity water treatment device for a protection of marine aquatic life. In this experiment, T-N concentration of influent and effluent was measured through with the artificial wastewater. The SBR reactor operation time was varied according to the C : N : P ratios so that different conditions for mixing and aeration period in mins (90 : 60, 80 : 40, 70 : 50) and two C: N: P ratios (10 : 5 : 3, 10 : 3 : 1) were used. During experiment in the reactor's aeration and anoxic tank DO concentrations were 3 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, in the reactor MLSS concentration was 2000 mg/L and flowrate was 2 L/hr. Experiment results showed that C : N : P, 10 : 3 : 1 ratio with 90 mins mixing and 60 mins aeration maximized removal efficiency at 97.3% T-N as compared to other conditions. The application of the SBR and MBR combined process showed efficient results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

In this study, the treatment of organic matters and nutrients like Nitrogen and Phosphorus with sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was conducted. The following conclusions can be summarized from the study. The influent BOD concentration was varied 19.6 to 40.0mg/L and the effluent was 3.0 to 14.8mg/L. The variations of BOD removal efficiency during the experimental period was $47.9{\sim}88.4%$ and the average was 80.8%. The average removal efficiency was stabilized with the passage of time. Also the COD concentration was flowed into as $12.2{\sim}32.0mg/L$ and the effluent concentration was varied 3.3 to 18.6 mg/L, and then the average COD removal efficiency was 57.3%(minimun 19.2% and maximum 78.6%). But fortunately, the COD removal efficiency was also stabilized as 70.2% after 79days. In the case of T-N, the influent concentration range was $7.53{\sim}14.99mg/L$ and the effluent concentration was 6.59mg/L(the average removal efficiency was 40.3%) until the first experiment time 79days. But after normalizing the system, it was 4.44mg/L (the average removal efficiency was 56.4%). Also the influent T-P concentration was varied from 0.77 to 1.91mg/L and the effluent concentration was $0.26{\sim}1.53mg/L$. The removal efficiency was varied from 5.3 to 71.7%. considerably, therefore the average removal efficiency was 42.6%. The reason was concluded that the sludge wasn't discharged for increasing MLSS concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2010

The effectiveness of adding powdered zeolite and granular activated carbon (GAC) before starvation into biological reactor for recovering its performances was investigated. Two types of carrier addition in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system for non-saline and saline wastewater were evaluated after starvation periods. During the experiment, settleablity (SVI), floc size, fractal dimension, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P removal efficiencies and recovery time were monitored. When the wastewater feeding was resumed after starvation period for 5days, the SVI increased at the beginning of resumption and then decreased with time in both types. And the larger the floc size and fractal dimension of floc, the more increased removal efficiency for $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P was also. Its performance recovery was strongly correlated with floc size and fractal dimension of activated sludge. After resuming the wastewater feeding, the SVI, floc size, fractal dimension, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P removal efficiency of SBR with carrier improved and reached its initial value faster compared to those of SBR without carrier.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.970-976
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• 2013

An evaluation of the organic matter removal efficiency showed high removal efficiencies of 91.1~96.3% and 91.4~97.5% for TCODcr and TBOD5, respectively, for 9hr or longer of HRT. However, the removal efficiencies decreased to 86.9~90.5% and 88.0~90.9%, respectively for 6hr of HRT. $NH_3$-N showed a high removal efficiency of 95% or higher for 9hr or longer of HRT. The total nitrogen removal efficiency was 67.6~76.7% for 9~12hr of HRT, and it decreased to 50% for 6hr of HRT, which seems to be due to the insufficient carbon source required for denitrification. The T-P removal efficiency was 32% on average. To comply with the legal standards, a chemical phosphorus removal process is needed after the reactor.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2002

The efficiency variation of UF(tubular)/RO(spiral wound) process using acrylic wastewater treated by photo-catalyst pretreatment and coagulant-filter-neutralization pretreatment processes were discussed wit the variation of appled pressure and temperature. Ultrafiltration tubular module using acrylic wastewater treated by photo-catalyst pretreatment and coagulant-filter-neutralization pretreatment processes was shown that COD and T-N were not highly affected with the variation of appled pressure and temperature. It was shown that removal efficiency of COD and T-N was low. Removal efficiency of TDS and turbidity with ultrafiltration tubular module was better with the acrylic wastewater by photo-catalyst pretreatment than acrylic wastewater by coagulant-filter-neutralization pretreatment. T-N and TDS were shown high removal efficiency in reverse osmosis membrane process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2007

In the present work, the sequencing batch reactor process of two-sludge type was optimized. The effects of solid retention time, hydraulic retention time, length of biosorption phase and temperature variation were investigated, respectively. In the T-N removal, the long solid retention time was favored. It was speculated that SCOD biosorption efficiency was higher in long solid retention time than in short solid retention time. In the comparison of hydraulic retention time, the removal efficiency of $NH_4^+-N$ and T-N were almost same in all applied hydraulic retention times which were 8 hr, 10 hr and 15 hr. It was observed that there was no need to have the hydraulic retention time more than 20 min in biosorption phase for enhancement of T-N removal efficiency. An experimental comparison of removal efficiencies with different temperature conditions was carried out. Decrease of temperature didn't affect the performance of the process, however, phosphorus removal efficiency was a little higher at low temperature than high temperature. Consequently, the process developed in this study was much amenable to wastewater treatment which was conducted in the low temperature and high loading rate.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.2 s.83
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

The removals of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate in wastewater were investigated with Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Glucose and sodium acetate were Used for organic carbon source so as to know nutrient removal efficiency in proportion to MLSS concentration. In the case of glucose, the COD removal rate was $74\%,\;41\%\;and\;66\%$ in MLSS 5000, 3000 and 1000, respectively. On equal terms, the BOD was $57\%,\;21\%\;and\;38\%$, the T-N was $24\%,\;13\%\;and\;44\%$, and the T-P was $12\%,\;21\%\;and\;33\%$. As a result, the removal rate of organic materials showed the finest remove when MLSS was 5000, but the nutrient removal rate appeared as was best when MLSS was 1000. In the case of sodium acetate, the COD removal rate was $83\%,\;81\%\;and\;86\%$ in MLSS 5000, 3000 and 1000, respectively. On equal terms, the BOD was appeared by $76\%,\;82\%\;and\;92\%$, the T-N $57\%,\;42\%\;and\;78\%$, and the T-P $48\%,\;52\%\;and\;38\%$. As a result, organic and T-N removal rates were best when MLSS was 1000. But, the T-P removal rates were best when MLSS was 3000. Glucose was shown fast removal in reaction beginning, but screened by more efficient thing though sodium acetate removes organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate. Form of floc was ideal in all reactors regardless of carbon source and MLSS concentration. And its diameter was about $200\~500{\mu}m$.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Submerged Membrane Bio-Reacter(SMBR) process was used to food wastewater treatment. From laboratory pilot-scale experiment data, it was confirmed that this process was very effective process for organics, suspended solid, and N, P treatment. It was found that BOD and COD removal rate were obtained 90% and 92%, respectively, for 150 days operation. Organics loading rate did not affect to the removal efficiency because MLSS concentration in aerobic tank was highly maintained. IN the case of first reactor operated with anoxic and second reactor operated as aerobic, T-N, T-P removal rate were obtained 93% and 95%, respectively. It was shown that removal efficiency could be maintained stable due to the complete removal of SS and sludge production decreased with increasing of sludge retention time.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

The process which can stabilize water quality of treatment and improve nitrogen removal rate under the condition of high organic loading was developed by charging fibrous HBC media to single sludge nitrification-denitrification process. This process was operated easier, minimized the treatment cost, and shortened the retention time. To improve T-N removal rate, a part of nitrifing liquid at aerobic zone was recycled to anoxic zone by approximate internal recycle ratio. The experimental results are as follows ; T-N removal efficiency in the organic volumetric loading 0.14-0.19 kg/COD/m$^{3}$·d was obtained asmaxium of 85% at internal recycle ratio 2.5 and in more ratio than this it was decreased. Organic removal efficiency was about 91% under the overall experimental conditions and not influenced by recycle ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

It has been reported that most wastewater treatment plants have difficulties in nitrogen removal during winter season due to declined activity of nitrifiers in the condition of low temperature. This study was conducted in order to find out optimum operating condition for efficient nitrogen removal in low temperature. A series of operating conditions with various HRTs of each tank were simulated using the GPS-X program. The optimum HRT combination for effective nitrogen removal was 0.3 hr/0.5 hr/1.36 hr/4.84 hr(PreAx/An/Ax/Ox) with 51.4% of T-N removal efficiency and 57.3% of $NH_4^+$-N removal efficiency.