• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2000

A stream purification system was applied to the upper reaches of the Masan Reservoir to improve the water quality. This system consisted of two channels which were constructed on both sides of the stream, one side packed with crushed gravels and the other with plastic filter media. The system operated under low pollutant concentrations and high hydraulic loadings during a dry season to avoid clogging of the filter media. Removal rate and efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the channel packed with crushed gravel were $14.8g/m^3/d$ and 11.5%, and for the channel with plastic filter media, $50.1g/m^3/d$ and 13.5%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of total phosphorus (T-P) were 6.6% (gravel) and 10.0% (plastic media). These results indicated plastic filter media having relatively high specific surface areas were more efficient than crushed gravels in removing pollutants. However, due to low influent water quality during dry season, the removal efficiencies were low. The proportion of nitrate nitrogen to total nitrogen (T-N) of the inflow was high but, as the system operated under aerobic condition, nitrate nitrogen could not denitrified. Accordingly, total nitrogen was not attenuated with this system. To improve the reservoir water quality effectively, this system should be able to treat the storm runoff containing higher pollutant loadings. When the filter materials are clogged by the storm runoff instead of backwashing, it would be more efficient to replace them, Therefore, the use of natural materials which are light, easily obtaining and replaceable, and have high specific surface areas is recommended.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2017

The use of aluminum-based coagulants in water pretreatment is being carefully considered because aluminum exposure is a risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lightly burned-dolomite kiln dust (LB-DKD) was evaluated as an alternative coagulant because it contains high levels of the healthful minerals calcium and magnesium. An organic pore forming agent (OPFA) was incorporated to prepare porous granules after OPFA removal through a thermal decomposition process. A spray drying method was used to produce uniform and reproducible spherical granules with low density, since fine dolomite particles have irregular agglomeration behavior in the hydration reaction. The use of fine dolomite powder and different porosity granules led to a visible color change in raw algae (RA) containing water, from dark green to transparent colorlessness. Also, dolomite powders and granules exhibited a mean removal efficiency of 48.3% in total nitrogen (T-N), a gradual increase in the removal efficiency of total phosphorus (T-P) as granule porosity increased. We demonstrate that porous dolomite granules can improve the settling time and water quality in summer seasons for the emergent treatment of excessive algal blooms in eutrophic water.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2007

The control of nonpoint source pollution from the urban paved areas with high imperviousness in is required to improve the water quality of aquatic resources. This research investigated the characteristics of urban runoffs and evaluate the effectiveness of the continuous deflective separation systems for stormwater best management practice. The systems were installed in the vicinity of a high-level road, an apartment complex, and the Cheonggye stream. Stormwater runoff was sampled in these sites. Biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) were analyzed. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$, TSS, and T-P for the road was 10.9-81.0%, 11.7-93.4%, 0-37.5%, respectively. That of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the complex was 12.5-65.8%, 26.5-77.6%, 1.8-28.7%, and 20.0-37.5%, respectively. The abatement efficiency $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the stream was 7.2-85.2%, 41.7-98.2%, 11.3-65.6%, and 2.0-71.5%, respectively. This study shows that the systems can be used to remove $BOD_5$ and TSS from urban runoffs efficiently.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.516-522
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• 2023

The co-precipitation process plays a key role in the decontamination of radionuclides from low and intermediate levels of liquid waste. For that reason, the removal of Cs ions from waste solution by the co-precipitation method was carried out. A simulated liquid waste (¹³³Cs) was prepared from a 0.1 M CsCl solution, while wastewater generated by washing steel ash served as a representative of radioactive cesium solution (¹³⁷Cs). By co-precipitation, potassium ferrocyanide was applied for the adsorption of Cs ions, while nickel nitrate and iron sulfate were selected for supporting the precipitation. The amount of residual Cs ions in the CsCl solution after precipitation and filtration was determined by ICP-OES, while the radioactivity of ¹³⁷Cs was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. After cesium removal, the amount of cesium appearing in both XRD and SEM-EDS was analyzed. The removal efficiency of ¹³³Cs was 60.21% and 51.86% for nickel nitrate and iron sulfate, respectively. For the ash-washing solution, the removal efficiency of ¹³⁷Cs was revealed to be more than 99.91% by both chemical agents. This implied that the co-precipitation process is an excellent strategy for the effective removal of radioactive cesium in waste solution treatment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.539-545
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• 1999

Dye wastewater was treated by using an electrochemical oxidation process. Various combinations of electrodes such as carbon, Al and Fe were investigated. In this study, electrode material, electrolyte concentration, electrode distance, current density, and pH value were found to have significant effect on both pollutant removal efficiency and current efficiency in electrochemical oxidation process. After electrolysis for 40min with carbon/Al, it was observed that COD, $T-N, NH_{4}^{+}-N$ and color of treated wastwater were reduced from 580mg/$\ell$ to 145mg/$\ell$, 67.2mg/$\ell$ to 26.8mg/$\ell$, 46.8mg/$\ell$ to 1.4mg/$\ell$, and 4200 Pt-Co units to 336 Pt-Co units, respectively. The optimal conditions of the electrooxidation process to treat the wastewater for this study were found to be such : current density ; 16.67mA/$cm^2$, electrode distance ; 2.5cm, pH value ; 5.0 and carbon/Al electrode.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2002

High purity water soluble chitosans (WsCs) were employed as a flocculant to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater of industrial plating wastewater treatment complex. Their weight average molecular weights and polydispersities were 272,000~620,000 g/mol and 1.4~1.9 range, respectively and were readily soluble in water in the pH range of 3~11. Heavy metal ions such as chromium, iron and copper were removed well by WsCs. When WsCs was blended with either sodium N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (SDDC$_{T}$) or sodium salicylate (SSc), the removal efficiency was further increased primarily due to the excess amount of hydrophilic sulfonic and carboxylic groups. Especially, in the case of WsCs-SSc the remaining chromium and copper concentrations were 0.1 mg/L and 9.5 mg/L, which are 1/15 and 1/3 compared with that of pure WsCs, respectively. The former is within the acceptable limit, but the latter is not. Therefore, the effective copper flocculant remains to be studied.d.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1141-1145
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• 2005

접촉부와 간헐포기부로 구성된 접촉조 결합형 연속회분식반응조를 질소제거를 위해 제안하고 실험적으로 연구하였다. 짧은 체류시간의 접촉반응을 통해 활성슬러지 플록에 유기물질이 생물흡착되지만 불완전 대사가 진행된다는데 근거를 두고 있다. 결과적으로 실하수의 경우 유입 유기물질의 61.2%가 접촉반응 30분 만에 흡착되었다. 유기물질의 비흡착량은 22.3 mg SCOD/g MLVSS였으며, 이는 후속되는 공정에서 탈질효율의 향상에 기여하였다. 연속운전을 통한 전체적인 처리효율은 TCOD/TKN 비가 6이하의 낮은 조건에서도 SCOD 및 T-N 제거율이 각 86%와 60%를 유지하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2008

본 연구는 농촌전원독립가구 하수처리장에서 오염물질의 존재형태별 처리 경향을 파악하여 하수처리장의 설계 및 시공 시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 농촌전원독립가구 하수처리장에서 하수 중 오염물질의 거동 특성과 오염물질의 존재형태별 분해속도를 각각 조사하였다. 하수 중 오염물질의 존재형태별 거동을 조사한 결과 BOD 및 COD는 대부분 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리된 BOD와 COD는 대부분 insoluble형태이었다. 그러나 무산소조와 혐기성조에서의 BOD와 COD는 존재형태별로 별 차이 없었다. SS는 대부분 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리된 SS는 대부분 volatile 형태이었다. T-N은 BOD, COD 및 SS와 달리 호기성조에서 처리효율이 높지 않았고, 처리된 대부분의T-N은 dissolved 형태이었다. T-P는 모든 조에서 일정하게 처리효율이 증가되었으며, 처리된 T-P는 대부분 dissolved 형태이었다. 현장 하수처리장에서 존재형태별 오염물질의 분해속도를 조사한 결과 BOD, COD 및 SS의 분해속도는 호기성조에서 각각 30.79, 17.15 및 29.96 $day^{-1}$로 무산소조 및 혐기성조에 비해 매우 빨랐으며, 호기성조에서 존재형태별 분해속도는BOD 및 COD의 경우 insoluble 형태가 빨랐으며, SS의 경우 fixed 형태가 빨랐다. T-N 및 T-P의 분해속도는 호기성조에서 각각 4.78 및 13.09 $day^{-1}$로 다른 조에 비해 약간 빨랐으며, 호기성조에서 존재형태별 분해속도는 suspended 형태가 약간 빨랐고, 혐기성조와 무산소조에서는 별 차이 없이 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과는 하수처리장의 설계 및 시공 시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 가변형 간벽을 설치하고 이 가변형 간벽의 열고 닫음에 따라 하나의 SBR 반응조를 시간적으로 뿐만 아니라 공간적으로도 분리시킴으로써 aerobic, anaerobic 또는 anoxic 상태의 구분을 명확히 하여 탈질 및 탈인 효율을 증대시켰다. 본 연구 결과 $COD_{Cr}$/N ratio 10($BOD_5$/N ratio 5) 정도의 실 플랜트 조건에서 T-N 및 T-P 제거효율은 90.9%와 75%를 나타내었다. 또한 잉여슬러지내 인 함유량 조사결과 기존 처리장에서 발생된 잉여슬러지의 인 함량비율을 100%라 할 때 pilot plant에서 발생된 잉여슬러지의 인 함유율은 생 슬러지의 경우 133.6%, 건조 슬러지의 경우 124.3%로서 기존 처리장의 슬러지내 인 함유율보다 $25{\sim}30%$ 정도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 SBR반응조 내에 가변형 간벽을 설치함으로서 명확한 탈질 탈인을 위한 반응조건을 제시해 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.911-919
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was evaluated economical effect to apply alternative external carbon source. Conventional activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment plant was adapted and introduced to Biological nutrient removal processes to meet the newly enforced effluent quality standard for nutrient removal in Korea. Low $COD/NH_4^+-N$ ratio and higher nutrient concentration of influent characteristics force to inject external carbon source for denitrifying recycled nitrate. In the most case, methanol was used as external carbon source. But Methanol is expensive and very dangerous in handling. So we could find cheaper and safer external carbon source substituted methanol in last study. This alternative external carbon source is named RCS(recoverd carbon source) and a by-product of fine chemical product at chemical plant. When RCS was applied real municipal wastewater treatment plant, average $55\~65\%$ of T-N removal efficiency, 8.8mg/l of effluent T-N concentration, 11.3mg/l of effleunt COD concentration were obtained without effluent COD increase as against used methanol. To apply RCS in municipal wastewater treatment plant obtain approximately $\74.5%$ expenditure cost reduction in comparison with methanol dosage cost.