• 대한간호
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.51-69
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• 1992

Grief that is not acknowledged and worked through may manifest itself in some emotional, mental or physical problem. In recent years much has been learned about coping with grief which the hospice program can utilize to help family members cope with their grief. This study was carried out to determine the helpfulness of the bereavement care of Severance Hospice and to learm more about the grief response of the bereaved. The tools used to collect data were an assessment form used in the bereavement program and the Grief Experience Inventory developed by Sanders and revised and translated 'by the researcher. Data was obtained from bereaved family members(54 for the final grief assessment and 39 for the grief response assessment) receiving bereavement follow-up, from July 1989 to March 1991. Results of the study were as follows: 1. Final Grief Assessment Regarding the resolution of their grief the majority of the bereaved accepted the reality of the death of their family member, while slightly more than three-quarters were able to express their feelings toward their loss. A large majority had returned to activities of daily living well or fairly well and had reinvested their energy in a person other than the deceased. In addition, the physical condition of the majority was good or fairly good. A majority of the bereaved considered the bereavement care to be helpful and almost three-quarters were not considered to be in need of more follow-up. 2. Grief Response Assessment Age was found to have a modoerately positive correlation to appetite disturbance(r=.41, P<.Ol) and loss of vigor(r=.37, P<.Ol) A moderately positive correlation was found between the number of contacts and sleep disturbance(r=2.38, P<.01) Significant differences were found between men and women in regard to guilt(t=2.38, P<.05), social isolation(t=2.44, P<.05) and depersonalization(t=2.07, P<.05) with men having the more intense grief. Significant differences were found in the grief responses of somatization(F=5.82, P<.001), physical symptoms(F=5.87, P<.OOl), appetite disturbance(F=4.40, P<.Ol), despair(3.79, P<,Ol), anger(Fp2.83, P<.05), social isolation(F=3.61, P<.05), guilt(F=3.62, P<.05) and depersonalization (F = 2.58, P <.05). In the first six of these grief responses mothers scored highest, followed by husbands and then wives, In the grief response of guilt, daughters scored highest and on the grief response of depersonalization sons scored highest. Only one grief response, that of sleep disturbance(t= -2.19, P<.05) was found to be statistically significant, with those family members who died at home having the higher scores. Based on the results of this study several suggestions are presented as follows: 1. Since unresolived grief can have a detrimental effect on the bereaved person's mental and phys. ical health it would be good for the nurse, to include questions related to death of family members and the bereaved person's response to the grief, in her nursing assessment. And in the case of unresolved grief the nurse should encourage the person to talk with a trusted friend or counselor and express their fellings of grief. 2. A study to determine the degree of resolution of the grief of those in the bereavement program could be carried out by use of the Grief Experience Inventory early in their bereavement and again 13 months after the death of their family member. 3. A comparison of the grief response of the bereaved in the bereavement program and bereaved not in the program could be carried out using the Grief Experience Inventory. 4. After bereavement programs have been started in other hospice programs it would be good to carry out a joint study of bereavement outcomes of those in the bereavement programs.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

목적 : 임상적으로 수지 사구종으로 의심되는 환자의 수술전 자기 공명 영상을 시행하여, 자기 공명 영상을 이용한 진단의 유용성과 변연 절제술 후의 임상적 결과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 수지 사구종을 의심하는 10례를 대상으로 수술전 문진, 이학적 검사, 단순 방사선 검사, 자기 공명 영상(9례)을 시행하였다. 수술적 치료는 변연 절제술을 시행하였으며, 수술후 병리 소견, 수술후 합병증 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 사구종으로 확진된 10례 중 호소하는 증세는 동통 10례, 압통 9례, 냉온에 대한 민감도 3례, 부종 1례였다. 자기 공명 영상 소견상 T1 강조 영상에서 저신호 강도 3례, 동신호 강도 5례, T2 강조 영상에서 고신호 강도 8례, 그리고 gadolinium 조영 증강된 영상에서는 8례 모두 조영 증가 소견을 보여 주었고, 발생 위치는 횡단면에서 정중부 6례, 외측부 5례, 조갑 외측 추벽 2례, 수지 두수 3례였고, 시상면에서 조갑상 5례, 조갑 기질 5례였다. 수술은 외측 접근법 1례, 조갑을 통한 접근법 9례를 시행하였으며, 모두 변연 절제술을 실시하였다. 수술후 전 예에서 임상 증세는 소실되었으며, 조갑 변형은 1례에서 발견되었으나, 재발은 없었다. 결론 : 수지의 사구종을 진단하는데 임상 증세는 아주 중요하나, 진단이 애매하거나 오랜 기간 동안 증세가 있어온 환자들에게서 비교적 비싼 비용을 지불하더라도 자기 공명 영상을 제한적으로 사용할 경우, 수술전 종물의 정확한 위치 확인 및 진단에 도움을 주는 방법의 하나로 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2000

목적 : 방사선 단독 치료를 받은 조기성문암 환자에서 국소종양제어율에 영향을 주는 예후 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년 7월부터 1995년 12월 까지 전남대학교병원에서 조기성문암으로 확진되어 근치적 목적의 방사선치료를 받은 37명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 환자의 연령 범위는 30세에서 73세였으며 중앙값은 59세였다. 성별 분포는 남자가 35명(95$\%$), 여자가 2명(5$\%$)이었다. 조직학적 유형은 모두 편평세포암이었다. 미국 암합동위원회의 병기분류법(1997)에 따라 다시 분류한 병기는 T1a. T1b, T2가 각각 27명(73$\%$), 3명(8$\%$), 7명(19$\%$)이었다. 방사선치료는 선형가속기의 6 MV X-ray를 이용하였다. 후두에 조사된 총방사선량은 5,040 cGy에서 7,020 cGy 범위였으며 중앙값은 6,600 cGy였다. 추적기간의 중앙값은 80개월이었고 생존율과 국소종양제어율을 Kaplan-Meier 법에 의하여 산출하였으며 두군간의 비교는 generalized Wilcoxon test를 이용하여 검증하였다. 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들의 다변량분석에는 Cox모델을 이용하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자 37명의 5년 생존율은 89$\%$였고 국소종양제어율은 74$\%$였다. 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들로 연령, T-병기, 전연합침범, 일회조사량, 총방사선량, 방사선치료기간을 분석에 포함시켰다. 단변량분석에서 치료기간이 50일 미만인 경우 5년 국소종양제어율이 93$\%$, 50일 이상인 경우 60$\%$로서 통계학적 의의가 있었다(p=0.026). 다변량분석에서도 치료기간만이 통계학적 의의가 있었다(p=0.017). 치료 후 합병증은 1명에서 갑상선기능저하증이 나타났다. 결론 : 조기성문암에서 근치적 방사선치료시 치료기간이 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

본 연구는 측두하악장애가 관절과 근육 등 다양한 구조물에 이환되는 복합적인 질환을 통칭하는 용어인 점을 고려하여 이환 구조물에 따라 세부 진단군으로 분류하여 최대교합력을 조사함으로써 진단에 따른 교합력의 차이 및 치료 전후의 교합력 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 단국대학교 치과대학 부속병원 구강내과에 내원한 측두하악장애 환자 중 교합이 비교적 정상이고 치아상실이나 치주질환이 심하지 않은 편측성 증상과 징후를 환자 중에서 치료가 종결된 환자 36명 (남:여=7:29, 평균연령 $28.1{\pm}13.7$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 첫 내원시에 교합력측정기를 이용하여 이환측 및 비이환측의 견치와 제1대구치에서 최대교합력을 측정하여 비교한 다음, 치료가 종결된 상태에서 다시 한번 최대교합력을 측정, 비교하였다. 통계분석을 위해 paired t-test, ANOVA, multiple comparison t-tests를 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 견치에서는 증상측과 비증상측 모두 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 최대교합력이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이며 증가했으며,(p=0.001, p=0.000) 제1대구치에서는 증상측에서만 다소 증가된 경향을 보여주었다.(p=0.081) 치료전후의 최대교합력의 변화는 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났으나 측두하악장애를 이환 조직에 따라 저작근장애군, 관절내장증군, 관절염증군 및 골관절염군으로 나누어 비교했을 때 증상측 구치부에서 각 진단군간에 유의한 차이를 보여주었고,(p=0.023) 견치에서는 일부 군에서만 차이가 관찰되었다. 견치와 제1대구치 모두에서 골관절염군의 최대 교합력이 다른 군과 비교하여 가장 낮았는데, 이는 통증과 정형적 불안정이 교합력의 감소를 유발한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 치료전후의 차이는 저작근장애군과 관절내장증군에서는 증상측에서 유의하게 관찰된 반면, 골관절염군에서는 비증상측에서 유의하게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 즉, 본 연구는 근육 또는 관절 기원의 통증, 기능이상, 정형적 불안정은 최대교합력의 감소를 야기하며 이는 보존적인 치료 후에 회복됨을 보여주는데, 치료 전후의 변화는 제1대구치보다 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 시사한다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 1985

Though the tradition of Korean mathematics since the ancient time up to the "Enlightenment Period" in the late 19th century had been under the influence of the Chinese mathematics, it strove to develop its own independent of Chinese. However, the fact that it couldn't succeed to form the independent Korean mathematics in spite of many chances under the reign of Kings Sejong, Youngjo, and Joungjo was mainly due to the use of Chinese characters by Koreans. Han-gul (Korean characters) invented by King Sejong had not been used widely as it was called and despised Un-mun and Koreans still used Chinese characters as the only "true letters" (Jin-suh). The correlation between characters and culture was such that , if Koreans used Han-gul as their official letters, we may have different picture of Korean mathematics. It is quite interesting to note that the mathematics in the "Enlightenment Period" changed rather smoothly into the Western mathematics at the time when Han-gul was used officially with Chinese characters. In Koryo, the mathematics existed only as a part of the Confucian refinement, not as the object of sincere study. The mathematics in Koryo inherited that of the Unified Shilla without any remarkable development of its own, and the mathematicians were the Inner Officials isolated from the outside world who maintained their positions as specialists amid the turbulence of political changes. They formed a kind of Guild, their posts becoming patrimony. The mathematics in Koryo is significant in that they paved the way for that of Chosun through a few books of mathematics such as "Sanhak-Kyemong, "Yanghwi - Sanpup" and "Sangmyung-Sanpup." King Sejong was quite phenomenal in his policy of promotion of mathematics. King himself was deeply interested in the study, createing an atmosphere in which all the high ranking officials and scholars highly valued mathematics. The sudden development of mathematic culture was mainly due to the personality and capacity of King who took any one with the mathematic talent onto government service regardless of his birth and against the strong opposition of the conservative officials. However, King's view of mathematics never resulted in the true development of mathematics per se and he used it only as an official technique in the tradition way. Korean mathematics in King Sejong's reign was based upon both the natural philosophy in China and the unique geo-political reality of Korean peninsula. The reason why the mathematic culture failed to develop continually against those social background was that the mathematicians were not allowed to play the vital role in that culture, they being only the instrument for the personality or politics of the King. While the learned scholar class sometimes played the important role for the development of the mathematic culture, they often as not became an adamant barrier to it. As the society in Chosun needed the function of mathematics acutely, the mathematicians formed the settled class called Jung-in (Middle-Man). Jung-in was a unique class in Chosun and we can't find its equivalent in China of Japan. These Jung-in mathematician officials lacked tendency to publish their study, since their society was strictly exclusive and their knowledge was very limited. Though they were relatively low class, these mathematicians played very important role in Chosun society. In "Sil-Hak (the Practical Learning) period" which began in the late 16th century, especially in the reigns of King Youngjo and Jungjo, which was called the Renaissance of Chosun, the ambitious policy for the development of science and technology called for the rapid increase of the number of such technocrats as mathematicians inevitably became quite ambitious and proud. They tried to explore deeply into mathematics per se beyond the narrow limit of knowledge required for their office. Thus, in this period the mathematics developed rapidly, undergoing very important changes. The characteristic features of the mathematics in this period were: Jung-in mathematicians' active study an publication, the mathematic studies by the renowned scholars of Sil-Hak, joint works by these two classes, their approach to the Western mathematics and their effort to develop Korean mathematics. Toward the "Enlightenment Period" in the late 19th century, the Western mathematics experienced great difficulty to take its roots in the Peninsula which had been under the strong influence of Confucian ideology and traditional Korean mathematic system. However, with King Kojong's ordinance in 1895, the traditonal Korean mathematics influenced by Chinese disappeared from the history of Korean mathematics, as the school system was changed into the Western style and the Western matehmatics was adopted as the only mathematics to be taught at the schools of various levels. Thus the "Enlightenment Period" is the period in which Korean mathematics sifted from Chinese into European.od" is the period in which Korean mathematics sifted from Chinese into European.pean.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

본 연구는 측두하악장애의 연구 진단 기준(Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder; RDC/TMD)을 이용하여 구분된 측두하악장애(Temporomandibular Disorder; TMD) 환자를 대상으로 안면의 골격적 양상과 TMD 사이의 연관성을 규명하고 교정 환자의 진단과 치료에 있어 RDC/TMD의 활용 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 서울대학교 치과병원 구강내과에 측두하악장애의 진단과 치료를 위해 내원한 여성 환자들의 의무 기록 및 방사선사진을 검토하였으며 환자의 연령이 18세 미만이거나 전신 질환, 골격적 기형 또는 측두하악관절 부위의 외상 병력이 있는 경우는 제외되었다. 총 96명의 여성 환자로부터 얻은 RDC/TMD Axis I 을 포함한 임상 검사 결과와 측방 두부규격방사선사진 (lateral cephalogram), 파노라마 방사선사진(panoramic radiograph) 및 횡두개 방사선사진(transcranial radiograph)을 이용한 방사선적 검사 결과를 분석하였다. RDC/TMD를 이용하여 집단을 분류한 후 측방 두부규격방사선사진의 각도 및 길이 요소들을 계측하여 안면의 골격 관계, 상하악 관계 및 치열 관계를 분석하였다. 통계적 분석법으로는 독립표본 t-검정(independent t-test), 일원분산분석(one-way Analysis of Variance; one-way ANOVA) 및 카이제곱 검정(chi-square test)을 이용하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 근육 문제를 진단하는 RDC/TMD Axis I 의 제 1 군 측두 두부방사선적 특징에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 2. 관절원판 변위를 임상적으로 진단하는 제 2 군에서는 개구 장애를 동반하지 않는 비정복성 관절원판 변위가 있는 경우 관절원판 변위가 없는 정상 집단에 비하여 articular angle이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3. 관절통, 관절염 및 관절증을 진단하는 제 3 군에서는 articular angle, FMA, Bjork sum, posterior facial height 및 facial height ratio에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 4. TMD 진단군과 골격적 양상 사이의 관계를 단순화하기 위하여 RDC/TMD Axis I 각 군을 양분법적으로 분류한 뒤 동일 한 방식으로 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 제 1 군에서는 overjet, 제 2 군에서는 articular angle, facial height ratio 및 IMPA, 마지막으로 제 3 군에서는 articular angle, gonial angle, facial convexity, FMA, Bjork sum, posterior facial height, facial height ratio 및 ANB angle에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 RDC/TMD Axis I 을 이용하여 진단된 측두하악장애 환자를 대상으로 안면의 골격적 양상과 TMD 사이의 연관성 을 분석한 결과로부터 RDC/TMD Axis I 임상 진단에 따라 진단한 측두하악장애 환자 중 제 2 군과 제 3 군의 환자들에서 측두하악장애와 관련된 것으로 알려진 하악골의 후하방 회전으로 인한 골격적 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. RDC/TMD Axis I은 교정 전 혹은 교정 치료 진행 중에 임상 검사 및 일반 방사선사진으로부터의 제한된 정보를 바탕으로 교정 치료 중 고려하여야 할 TMD 환자를 감별하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2001

The transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) is a multifunctional cytokine modulating the onset and course of autoimmune disease as shown in experimental models. In synovial inflammation, there is a potential role for $TGF-{\beta}$ in repairment, the inhibition of cartilage and bone destruction, and the down-regulation of immune response. The biologic effects of $TGF-{\beta}$ depend on the cell type, the isoform and the availability of active $TGF-{\beta}$. We investigated $TGF-{\beta}$ expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared to those of osteoarthritis (OA). And we determined a correlation between $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$, and also the relationships between each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform and the parameters for disease activity of RA. Methods: The study population consisted of 20 patients with RA and 20 patients with OA. The commercial ELISA kit was used to study $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluids (SF). Results: 1) While PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was of no difference between RA and OA patient groups, SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was higher in RA group than OA group. Similarly, PB $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels of RA and OA groups was not different, but SF $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels was higher in RA group than OA group. 2) In patients with RA, the $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were higher than $TGF-{\beta}2$ in both the PB and SF, while in patients with OA, there showed higher readings for $TGF-{\beta}1$ than $TGF-{\beta}2$ in SF but no difference between $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels in PB. 3) In patients with RA, there were no correlations between PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and PB $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels, nor between SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ and SF $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels. At the same way, there was no correlation between PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels, nor between each levels of $TGF-{\beta}2$ in patients with RA. 4) There was also no correlation between each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform and the parameters for disease activity such as ESR, CRP, tender joint count, swollen joint count, rheumatoid factor, and the duration of morning stiffness except between in PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and disease duration of RA (r=0.637, p<0.01). Conclusion: Each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoforms were higher in synovial fluid of patients with RA than that of patients with OA. The data from the RA patients demonstrated different patterns of expressions of the isoforms depending on which compartment (PB or SF) was investigated. The quantification of different $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform is thought to be important when $TGF-{\beta}$ is measured under disease conditions of RA.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 1998

This study purports to examine sociodemographic characteristics and those factors associated with osteoarthritis in women experiencing the disease in order to make suggestions for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis in women. The subjects were 143 women who were diagnosed to have osteoarthritis and under follow-up care at an outpatient department of a university-affiliated hospital. The data were collected through personal interviews by using the structured questionnaire between October 6 and October 24, 1997. The degree of daily living activities was measured with 24 items, which were made based upon Katz Index, Barthel Index and Functional Status Index. Each item has 4 response categories : (1) being able to do alone with any difficulty, (2) being able to do alone with some difficulty, (3) being able to do alone with the help of a person or an instrument, (4) not being able to do at all. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. As for the age of the subjects, 59.4% were between 45 and 64 years, while 28% were 65 years and above. The subjects having religion were 71.7% and 44.1% of the subjects were protestants. The educational level was low : 31.5% graduated from elementary school, while 30.1% had no formal education. Those married subjects were 72%. Fifty nine percent of the subjects evaluated their economic status as middle class. 2. Those people from whom the subjects currently receive some help were spouses in 35.8% of the subjects. Likewise, 50% of the subjects indicated spouse as the people from whom they want to receive help. 3. The score of the ability of daily living activities ranged between 48 and 96, with the mean of 78.94. Those means of physical activity, ADL(activities of daily living) and IADL(instrumental activities of daily living) were 14.89, 13.97 and 50.09, respectively. Except for the items of carrying heavy stuff and of washing clothes in the sitting position the subjects showed independence in more than 90% of the items, where Independence is defined as being able to do alone or with the help of a person or an instrument. 4. The increase in age was a significant predictor of the decrease in the ability of daily living activities. Those graduated from middle school and above showed a significantly higher degree in the ability of daily living activities than those with less educational level. The married women revealed significantly higher scores in physical activity, ADL, and IADL than the unmarried ones. The ability of daily living activities was not significantly related to having religion, economic status and living with family. 5. The average duration of experiencing osteoarthritis was 4 years and 7 months. Regarding the site of the onset, 65% of the subjects indicated knees. The women with osteoarthritis for less than 3 years were 65%. The ability of daily living activities was significantly different by the duration of illness : the longer the duration of illness, the less the ability of activities. The above findings suggest the need for developing those programs for prevention disabilities in performing daily living activities and for managing diseases targeting the women of middle and old age, with low educational level, and with unmarried status. In addition, there should be developed an instrument for measuring the ability of daily living activities which reflects daily lives of Korean women with osteoarthritis in order to examine comprehensive effects of osteoarthritis on women's daily lives in this country.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.191-217
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• 2014

최근 기업의 경영환경은 급속한 글로벌화와 신기술의 출현에 따라 항상 경쟁과 도전에 직면하게 되어 있다. 기업이 이러한 환경을 타개하기 위해서는 끊임없는 연구개발을 통해 경쟁우위의 기술을 지속적으로 확보해야 한다. 따라서 기업이 연구개발 활동을 원활히 할 수 있도록 하는 지원이 필요하며, 이를 위해 기업의 연구개발 활동에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 보다 세밀한 연구가 축적되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 중소기업의 연구개발투자 영향요인을 규명하는 것이다. 기업의 연구개발투자에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들을 선행연구 조사를 통해 추출하고, 이를 요인들이 중소기업에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다. 둘째, 중소기업을 산업현장의 분류기준에 따라 유형을 구분하여 각각 영향요인의 유의성 및 영향도에 차이가 있는지 확인하는 것이다. 창업기업, 기존기업 등 유형 구분에 따라 각각 다른 특성을 나타날 수 있음을 확인할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 연구 결과, 중소기업의 연구개발투자에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 기업규모 요인인 종업원 수, 매출액, 연구 인프라 요인인 연구원 비중, 기술능력, 장비보유율, 지적재산권, 그리고 연구 활동성 요인인 아이디어 활동, 공동연구 비중 등이 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며 연구 활동성 요인 중 CEO 참여는 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 중소기업을 업력, 제품, 거래형태, 기술수준 등에 따라 구분할 경우 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향정도와 유의성이 다름도 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 학문적, 정책적 의의를 제시하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2002

This study investigated stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms in mid-life men, and examined their relationship in order to better understand the stress and climacteric symptom experiences of mid-life men, and thereby attempted to offer basic materials for the development of a health improvement program that may help increase the quality of life of mid-life men. Three hundred mid-life men whose ages were between 40 and 59 and resided in the Seoul area were subjects of this study. The data were analyzed with the SAS PC program using descriptive statistics to analyze subjects' general characteristics and variables of stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms of the subjects. The relationship between stress and climacteric symptoms were examined by the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms in relation to the general characteristics were analyzed by T-test and ANOVA. The study conclusions are as follows: 1. Subjects general characteristics The average, age of the subjects was 46 and 47.0% of them reported ages between 40 and 45. Of the subjects, 98% were married. In marriage satisfaction, those who were generally satisfied with their married life comprised 62.0% of the subjects. In terms of level of education, 95.7% were educated above the high school level. In occupational background, 59.7% had occupations related to technologies. As for religion, 42.7% had no religion. In number of children, 67.3% had 2 children. In residential status, 79,3% were living in their own homes. In terms of living arrangements, 87.7% of the subjects were living in the form of nuclear families. 2. Stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms The level of stress was scored as $2.94{\pm}0.74$, and considering that the overall examination score is $27.16{\pm}1.32$, the subjects' stress level was not viewed as particularly high. The average score of the extent of climacteric symptoms was $35.37{\pm}0.27$. The extent of sub-domains of climacteric symptoms included skeleton symptoms ($39.37{\pm}2.81$), joint pain ($39.16{\pm}3.66$), vasomotor symptoms ($35.39{\pm}3.01$), other symptoms ($36.99{\pm}3.02$), psychological symptoms ($34.68{\pm}3.01$), urogenic symptoms ($35.03{\pm}3.27$), and cardiovascular symptoms ($33.70{\pm}2.78$). 3. General characteristics in relation to the stress level The subjects' general characteristics that were significantly related to the level of stress were marriage status (F=4.38, p=.001), marriage satisfaction (F=4.56, p=.001), educational background (F=2.68, p=.012), and age (F=2.48, p=.033). 4. General characteristics in relation to the level of climacteric symptoms The subjects' general characteristics that were significantly related to the level of climacteric symptoms were educational background (F=3.26, p=.007), age (F=2.58, p=.027), marriage status (F=2.62, p=.025), and marriage satisfaction (F=2.78. p=.032). 5. The correlation between stress and climacteric symptoms The subjects' level of stress and climacteric symptoms were significantly related to each other (r=0.578, p=0.000). The subjects' level of stress was correlated with sub-domains of the climacteric symptoms including psychological symptoms (r=0.579, p=0.000), joint pain (r=0.479, p=0.000), skeleton symptoms (r=0.477, p=0.000), other symptoms (r=0.467, p=0.000), vasomotor symptoms (r=0.4615, p=0.000), cardiovascular symptoms (r=0.458, p=0.000), urogenic symptoms (r=0.401. p=0.000). In summary, the climacteric symptoms suffered by mid-life men are positively correlated with their level of stress. In addition, the climacteric symptoms were affected by the level of stress.