• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 우수한 아토피 완화능을 가진 유산균을 선별하기 위해 한국인 유아 분변으로부터 23종의 유산균을 분리하였다. 후보 균주들을 배양하여 열처리 된 세포와 상등액 농축물을 각각 얻었다. 우수 균주 선별은 마우스 비장세포를 이용하여 IL-4의 억제 및 IFN-${\gamma}$의 증가 정도를 확인하는 실험을 통해 진행되었다. 선별 실험 결과로 Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH3201)을 OVA로 면역 반응을 유발시킨 BALB/c 마우스에 투여할 유산균으로 선정하였다. RH3201의 균체와 대사물을 경구 투여한 군에서는 유발군에 비해 혈중 IgE의 과다 생성이 억제된 것을 확인하였다. 그러한 알레르기 억제능은 type-1 T helper (Th1) 세포와 type-2 T helper (Th2) 세포의 싸이토카인 간의 균형을 향상시킴으로써 유도되었다. 따라서 RH3201의 균체와 배양물은 면역 조절을 통해 아토피 증상을 완화시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate enhancing the immunogenicity effects of Platycodon grandiflorum(PG) on adaptive immune system. Methods: To investigate the effect of PG as an adjuvant, we used the ovalbumin (OVA) as an antigen at first. The proliferation of lymphocytes, the antibody titer, the subisotypes of antibodies and the production of cytokines were measured. Results: The proliferation of lymphocytes and the antibody titer were increased after PG treatment. The increased subisotypes of antibodies were IgG2 and IgG3 induced from T1-helper cells. However IgE induced from T2-helper cells was decreased. The production of cytokines derived from T1-helper cells was increased but that from T2-helper cells was decreased. Conclusion: It is supposed that PG has an immunogenicity effect as an adjuvant on adaptive immune system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2000

Multiple periodontal pathogens sequentially colonize the subgingival niche during the conversion from gingivitis to destructive periodontal disease. An animal model of sequential immunization with key periodontal pathogens has been developed to determine whether T and B lymppocyte effector functions are skewed and fail to protect the host from pathogenic challenge. The present study was performed to evaluate immunomodulatory effect of exposure to Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) prior to Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingi - valis). Group 1(control) mice were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline, Group 2 were immunized with F. nucleatum prior to P. gingivalis, while Group 3 were immunized P. gingivalis alone. All the T cell clones derived from Group 2 demonstrated type 2 helper T cell clone(Th2 subsets), while those from Group 3 mice demonstrated Th1 subsets. Exposure of mice to F . nucleatum prior to P. gingivalis interfered with opsonophagocytosis function of sera against P. gingivalis. In adoptive T cell transfer experiments, in vivo protective capacity type 2 helper T cell clones(Th2) from Group 2 was significantly lower than type 1 helper T cell clones(Th1) from Group 3 against the lethal dose infection of P. gingivalis. Western blot analysis indicated the different pattern of recognition of P .gingivalis fimbrial proteins between sera from Group 2 and Group 3. In conclusion, these study suggest that colonization of the subgingival niche by F .nucleatum prior to the periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, modulates the host immune responses to P. gingivalis at humoral, cellular and molecular levels.

• 한양메디칼리뷰
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play a significant role in providing T cell help to B cells during the germinal center reaction, where somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation, isotype class switching, and the differentiation of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells occur. Antigen-specific T cells with IL-6 and IL-21 upregulate CXCR5, which is required for the migration of T cells into B cell follicles, where these T cells mature into Tfh. The surface markers including PD-1, ICOS, and CD40L play a significant role in providing T cell help to B cells. The upregulation of transcription factor Bcl-6 induces the expression of CXCR5, which is an important factor for Tfh differentiation, by inhibiting the expression of other lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt. Surprisingly, recent evidence suggests that CD4 T cells already committed to Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells obtain flexibility in their differentiation programs by downregulating T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, upregulating Bcl-6 and thus convert into Tfh. Limiting the numbers of Tfh within germinal centers is important in the regulation of the autoantibody production that is central to autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was revealed that the germinal center reaction and the size of the Tfh population are also regulated by thymus-derived follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) expressing CXCR5 and Foxp3. Dysregulation of Tfh appears to be a pathogenic cause of autoimmune disease suggesting that tight regulation of Tfh and germinal center reaction by Tfr is essential for maintaining immune tolerance. Therefore, the balance between Tfh and Tfr appears to be a critical peripheral tolerance mechanism that can inhibit autoimmune disorders.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

Objectives : The aims of this study were to exploring the therapeutic effect of Imperatae Rhizoma Extract(IRE) on Asthma. Methods : To investigate biological modulation activities of IRE, we conducted the cell-based assay whether IRE could regulate T helper 2 cells activity with EL4 T cells and mouse splenocytes, and followed animal study to conform the efficacy of their therapeutic potential on OVA-induced asthmatic mouse. Results : In cell study, IRE suppress the nuclear translocation of GATA binding protein-3 protein in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/Ionomycin-stimulated EL4 T cells and Interleukine(IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production in splenocytes at concentration dependent manner. In animal study, IRE-treated groups both 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml improve airway hypersensitibility reaction(AHR) response to methacholine about 30% and 40% with positive control group. Peritoneal blood analysis reveal that eosinophil number and ovalbumin-specific IgE is reduced by IRE treatment. Cell number of eosinophil is also reduced in bronchoalveolar lavage of IRE group like to peritoneal cell and real time-polymerase chain reaction data show that expression levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were down regulated in lung tissue. Finally, histological analysis indicate that IRE protect the bronchial tissue damages through the accumulation of inflammatory cells and collagen, and these effect may be cause by interfering Th2 cells activity. Conclusions : Our data represent that IRE potentiates therapeutic activities to the allergic diseases such as asthma by regulating Th2 cells differentiation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2001

육계를 13주간 사육하면서 5주령부터 시험사료를 급여한 후 세포표면항원의 발현에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여, 아마종실과 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 대조구($T_{1}$ ), 아마종실만을 첨가한 사료($T_{2}$ ), 아마종실과 u-toco-pherol을 첨가한 사료($T_{3}$ ), 아마종실에 u-tocopherol과 셀레늄을 첨가한 사료($T_{4}$ )를 육계에 급여한 바 면역반응에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같았다. 1차 면역에 관여하는 monocyte 군은 시험사료의 급여기간이 증가할수록 $T_{1}$ 에 비하여 $T_{2}$ , $T_{3}$ , $T_{4}$ 구에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 그중 $T_{2}$ 구와 $T_{3}$ 구에서 많이 증가되었다. B세포는 시험사료의 급여기간보다는 급여사료에 따라 증가하였는데,$T_{2} , $T_{3}, $T_{4}$ 구는 $T_{1}$ 구에 비하여 2배 이상 증가하였다. CD4 양성반응(T helper cell)과 CD8 양성 세포(T $cytotoxic^pressor cell)는 $T_{2}$ , $T_{3}$ ,$T_{4}$ 구는 $T_{1}$ 구보다 증가하였으나 사료에 따라 일정한 차이는 없었다. MHC classII는 시험사료의 종류나 급여 기간에 따라 차이는 없었다.었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 1992

Periapical lesions are developed as a result of inflammatory response to irritants from root canal system. Clinicians remove these irritants from root canal system and seal the root canal space to induce healing of the periapical lesions. Immunopathologic responses may play an important role in development and progression of periapical lesions and periapical lesions contain immunocompetent cells. The purposes of the present study were to analys and to compare the distribution of the immunocompetent cells in the human periapical lesions according to the stage of endodontic treatment using indirect immunoperoxdase technique. Obtained 94 human periapical lesions were devided into four groups: Group 1 : no endodontic treatment(28 samples) Group 2 : root canal enlarged and irrigated(28 samples) Group 3 : root canal filled(29 samples) Group 4: unknown(9 samples) Monoclonal antibodies to examine target cells were UCHL-1 for T lymphocytes(1 : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark), L26 for B lymphocytes(1 : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark), OPD4 for helper T lymphocytes(l : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin for macrophages(l : 2000, Dakopatt, Denmark). The following results were obtained : 1. All the periapical lesions studied were infiltrated by T lymphocytes, plasma cells, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. T lymphocytes were more infiltrated than B lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and macrophages were less infiltrated than T lymphocytes and plasma cells(P<0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). 2. In untreated group and canal irrigated and enlarged group of all the periapical lesions, helper T lymphocytes were predominently infiltrated(P>0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). 3. In canal filled groups of all lesions except periapical cyst, plasma cells were predominently infiltrated. But, in canal filled group of periapical cyst, helper T lymphocytes were the predominent cells(P>0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). The above results shows that the immunologic responses play important role in pathogenesis of periapical lesions and the immunologic response involved undergoes certain changes after endodontic therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.100031.1-100031.13
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• 2024

It is now well-accepted that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key source of the inflammation is the murine epididymal and human visceral adipose tissue. The current paradigm is that obesity activates multiple proinflammatory immune cell types in adipose tissue, including adipose-tissue macrophages (ATMs), T Helper 1 (Th1) T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while concomitantly suppressing anti-inflammatory immune cells such as T Helper 2 (Th2) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). A key feature of the current paradigm is that obesity induces the anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs in lean adipose tissue to polarize into proinflammatory M1 ATMs. However, recent single-cell transcriptomics studies suggest that the story is much more complex. Here we describe the single-cell genomics technologies that have been developed recently and the emerging results from studies using these technologies. While further studies are needed, it is clear that ATMs are highly heterogeneous. Moreover, while a variety of ATM clusters with quite distinct features have been found to be expanded by obesity, none truly resemble classical M1 ATMs. It is likely that single-cell transcriptomics technology will further revolutionize the field, thereby promoting our understanding of ATMs, adipose-tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance and accelerating the development of therapies for type 2 diabetes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1993

폐흡충 피낭유충을 BALB/c 마우스에 경구 감염시킨 후 마우스를 시기별(3일, 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주, 5주, 7주, 9주, 13주 및 23주)로 희생시켜 말초혈액내 호산구수와 혈청내 IgE 항체가를 측정하는 한편 비장 림프구를 분리하여 림프구 아군(helper T, cytotoxic / suppressor T, pan T)에 대한 단세포군 항체를 결합시켜 EPICS C fluorocytometer로 분석하였다. 폐흡충에 대한 혈청내 총 IgE 항체가는 감염 3주부터 증가되어 감염 4주에 높게 증가되었으며 13주 이후 23주까지 높은 항체가가 유지되었다. 말초혈액내 호산구수는 감염 2주 부터 증가되어 감염 9주에 $664.1/\textrm{mm}^3$으로 가장 증가 되었으며 그 이후에는 감소하여 23주에는 정상보다 약간 증가되었다. 폐흡충을 감염시키고 감염 3일, 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주, 7주 및 23주에 T 림프구 아군을 분석한 결과 L3T4 helper T 림프구와 Lyt-2 cytotoxic / suppressor T 림프구의 비율은 감염 군에서 감염 초기에 대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 경향을 보였으나 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Thy 1.2 pan T 림프구의 비율은 감염 2주와 4주에 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었고(P<0.05) 7주 이후에는 대조군과 비슷하였다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 마우스의 폐흡충감염에서 특이 항원이나 마이토젠의 자극이 없이는 비장킬프구의 아군분포에 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1996

목적 : 방사선 치료시 주기적으로 시행하는 말초 혈액 검사에서 백혈구 성분 중 림프구 수의 감소가 관찰되어, 저자는 방사선 치료 전, 후의 백혈구 성분 및 림프구 아형 분석을 시도하여 방사선 치료가 각 성분에 미치는 영향의 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1994년 12월부터 1995년 5월까지 동아대학교병원 치료방사선과에 내원한 환자 중 16명(폐암, 담관암, 식도암 : 2예, 뇌송과체 종양, 위암, 직장암, 악성 흑색종, 안상 배세포종, 방광암, 전립선 육종, 성상세포종, 다형성교모세포종, 다발성 골전이 폐암 : 1예)을 대상으로 하였다. 방사선 치료는 2700 cGy에서 6660 cGy까지 시행하여 정중앙 총 방사선량이 5400 cGy였다. 백혈구 및 감별계산에서 방사선 치료 전과 후의 백혈구 및 림프구, 단핵구, 과립구의 절대값과 백분을을 구하였고 림프구 아형의 분석은 유세포분석기를 이용하여 총 T 세포, 총 8 세포, 조력유발 T 세포, 억제유발 T 세포, 자연살해세포 등의 절대값과 백분유을 구하였다. 방사선 치료 전후의 절대값파 백분율을 비교하였으며 조력유발T세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비(Helper/Suppressor T cell ratio)의 변화도 분석하였다. 나아가 방사선량에 따른 각 구성비의 변화 정도를 분석하여 총 방사선량과의 상관 관계를 유추하고자하였다. 결과 : 각 환자에서 방사선 치료 전후에 측정한 값의 비교에서, 백혈구와 그 구성 성분인 림프구, 단핵구및 과립구의 수는 단핵구를 제외하고는 방사선 치료 전에 비하여 감소하였으며 특히 림프구 수의 감소는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 림프구 아형인 총 T 세포, 총 B세포, 조력유발 T 세포, 억제유발 T 세포, 자연살해세포 모두 치료전에 비해 감소하였으며(p$\geq$0.05), 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비(Helper/Suppressor T cell ratio)는 방사선 치료 전 1.52에서 치료후 1.11로 감소하였고(p<0.05) 방사선량에 따른 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비의 방사선 치료 전후에 50 Gy 미만군(5명)과 50 Gy 이상군(11명)에서 각각 0.75와 0.71이었다. 결론 : 방사선 치료 후 림프구 수와 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비는 감소하였고 억제유발 T 세포의 백분율은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 림프구 아형 중 조력유발 T 세포가 억제유발 T 세포보다 방사선에 보다 민감한 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험에서 방사선량에 따른 림프구 성분의 변화 분석은 대상군 수가 적고 일회 분할 방사선량이나 치료 부위의 넓이, 환자의 체표 면적의 차이에 따른 제한적 요소가 있었으며 향후 보다 많은 대상군에 대한 심도 깊은 분석이 요구된다.