• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.457-473
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the morophological and positional correlation between the upper cervical vertebra, the oral structures and the pharyngeal tissues, and the correlation of these anatomical structures with dental features, such as teeth wear area nad tooth contact status, etc. Seventy patients with temporamandibular disorders and sixty three dental students without any signs and symptoms in head and neck region were selected for this study. All they had natural dentition without any fixed and removable protheses. Teeth wear area and arch width wre measured from the upper dental cast, tooth contact status were observed by T-Scan system$^\textregistered$ and four cephaloradiograpohs were taken from four head postures, namely, natural(NHP), forward(FHP), upward(UHP), and downward head postiure(DHP). 22 cephalometric items were measured on the films and the data were processed with SAS statistical program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In normal group, angle of cervical vertebra tangent and of between hard and soft palate were broader in female subjects than those in male subjacets, but distance from subocciput to axis, size of soft palate, and pharyngeal space width were larger in male subjects. 2. In normal group with natural head posture, the items correlated each others from the three anatomical regions were distance between first nad second vertebra in posterior part, distance from the lingual surface of lower anterior teeth to anterior surface of soft palate, and distance from the hyoid bone to third vertebra. 3. Three set of items showed significant correlation each other in the four head postures in normal group. First set was the angle between hard and soft palate and the idstance from subocciput to posterior arch of first vertebra, second set was the distance between first and second vertebra in posterior part and the teeth wear area, third set was number and force of tooth contact and length of soft palate and distance from anterior tip of hyoid bone to mandibular plane.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1997

$K_2CoCl_4$ 단결정을 Ar분위기에서 Czochralski법으로 육성하였다. 육성된 결정의 물리적 성질의 조사로서 먼저 유전적 특성을 조사하여 commensurate-incommensurate(C-INC) 상전이에서 유전율의 thermal hysteresis가 $5^{\circ}C$ 이하의 값을 가짐을 보였고, incommensurate(INC) 상에서 $K^+$ 이온에 의한 ionic hopping mechanism으로 전도도를 해석하였으며 이때 activation energy는 0.62 eV 이었다. 각각의 결정축으로 열팽창을 조사하여 c축으로 가장 큰 열팽창을 보였으며 열팽창계수를 계산하였다. 광학적 특성의 조사로서 200 nm~ 3000 nm 영역에서 흡수 스펙트럼을 측정하여 나타나는 흡수 peak을 결정장내의 에너지 준위의 분리에 따른 전이 에너지로 해석하였으며, 800 nm~ 1200 nm 영역의 투과특성으로 optical band filter로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2014

Wnt proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and considered to be involved in extensive developmental processes in metazoan organisms. The characterization of wnt genes may improve understanding the parasite's development. In the present study, a wnt4 gene encoding 491amino acids was amplified from cDNA of metacestodes of Taenia solium using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Bioinformatics tools were used for sequence analysis. The conserved domain of the wnt gene family was predicted. The expression profile of Wnt4 was investigated using real-time PCR. Wnt4 expression was found to be dramatically increased in scolex evaginated cysticerci when compared to invaginated cysticerci. In situ hybridization showed that wnt4 gene was distributed in the posterior end of the worm along the primary body axis in evaginated cysticerci. These findings indicated that wnt4 may take part in the process of cysticerci evagination and play a role in scolex/bladder development of cysticerci of T. solium.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

Most IoT-related approaches have tried to establish the relation by connecting the network between things. The proposed research will present how the pervasive interaction of eco-system formed by touching the objects between humans and things can be recognized on purpose. By collecting and sharing the detected patterns among all kinds of things, we can construct the environment which enables individualized interactions of different objects. To perform the aforementioned, we are going to utilize technical procedures such as event-driven signal processing, pattern matching for signal recognition, and hardware in the loop simulation. We will also aim to implement the prototype of sensor processor based on Arduino MCU, which can be integrated with system using Arduino-Matlab/Simulink hybrid-interoperation environment. In the experiment, we use piezo transducer to detect the vibration or vibrates the surface using acoustic wave, which has specific frequency spectrum and individualized signal shape in terms of time axis. The signal distortion in time and frequency domain is recorded into memory tracer within sensor processor to extract the meaningful pattern by comparing the stored with lookup table(LUT). In this paper, we will contribute the initial prototypes for the acoustic touch processor by using off-the-shelf MCU and the integrated framework based on Matlab/Simulink model to provide the individualization of the touch-sensing for the user on purpose.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2015

Purpose: Toxicity of mucosa is one of the major concerns of radiotherapy (RT), when a target tumor is located near a mucosal lined organ. Energy of photon RT is transferred primarily by secondary electrons. If these secondary electrons could be removed in an internal cavity of mucosal lined organ, the mucosa will be spared without compromising the target tumor dose. The purpose of this study was to present a RT dose reduction in near target inner-surface (NTIS) of internal cavity, using Lorentz force of magnetic field. Materials and Methods: Tissue equivalent phantoms, composed with a cylinder shaped internal cavity, and adjacent a target tumor part, were developed. The phantoms were irradiated using 6 MV photon beam, with or without 0.3 T of perpendicular magnetic field. Two experimental models were developed: single beam model (SBM) to analyze central axis dose distributions and multiple beam model (MBM) to simulate a clinical case of prostate cancer with rectum. RT dose of NTIS of internal cavity and target tumor area (TTA) were measured. Results: With magnetic field applied, bending effect of dose distribution was visualized. The depth dose distribution of SBM showed 28.1% dose reduction of NTIS and little difference in dose of TTA with magnetic field. In MBM, cross-sectional dose of NTIS was reduced by 33.1% with magnetic field, while TTA dose were the same, irrespective of magnetic field. Conclusion: RT dose of mucosal lined organ, located near treatment target, could be modulated by perpendicular magnetic field.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2005

시스템 수준 설계에서 계산 부분과 통신 부분의 분리는 프로세서의 선택이나 기능 블록의 프로세서에 대한 할당 결과에 관계없이 설계자로 하여금 독립적인 통신 구조의 설계 공간 탐색을 가능하게 해준다. 본 논문은 버스 기반의 온 칩 통신 구조와 메모리 할당의 최적화를 위한 2단계 설계 공간 탐색 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 설계 공간 탐색 방법은 정적 성능 예측 방법을 사용하여 통신 구조에 대한 방대한 설계 공간을 빠르고 효과적으로 줄인다. 이렇게 축소된 통신 구조들의 설계 공간에 대해서는 정확한 성능 예측을 위하여 프로세서들의 메모리 트레이스론 이용한 트레이스 기반 시뮬레이션을 적용한다. 프로세서들의 동시적인 접근에 의한 버스의 충돌은 프로세서간 공유 메모리뿐 아니라 프로세서의 로컬 메모리에서도 기인하므로 메모리 할당 또한 중요하게 다루어져야 하는 부분이다. 제안된 설계 공간 탐색 방법의 효율성은 4-채널 DVR과 OFDM DVB-T용 수신기 내부의 이퀄라이저 부분을 이용하여 검증하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.24-25
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• 2003

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the pre-eminent vertebrate model system for clarification of the roles of specific genes and signaling pathways in development. I will talk about positional cloning of two developmental mutants in zebrafish. The first mutant is headless: The vertebrate organizer can induce a complete body axis when transplanted to the ventral side of a host embryo by virtue of its distinct head and trunk inducing properties. Wingless/Wntantagonists secreted by the organizer have been identified as head inducers. Their ectopic expression can promote head formation, whereas ectopic activation of Wnt signalling during early gastrulation blocks head formation. These observations suggest that the ability of head inducers to inhibit Wntsignalling during formation of anterior structures is what distinguishes them from trunk inducers that permit the operation of posteriorizing Wnt signals. I describe the zebrafish headless (hdl) mutant and show that its severe head defects are due to a mutation in T-cell factor-3 (Tcf3), a member of the Tcf/Lef family. Loss of Tcf3 function in the hdl mutant reveals that hdl represses Wnt target genes. I provide genetic evidence that a component of the Wntsignalling pathway is essential in vertebrate head formation and patterning. Second mutant is mind bomb: Lateral inhibition, mediated by Notch signaling, leads to the selection of cells that are permitted to become neurons within domains defined by proneuralgene expression. Reduced lateral inhibition in zebrafish mib mutant embryos permits too many neural progenitors to differentiate as neurons. Positional cloning of mib revealed that it is a gene in the Notch pathway that encodes a RING ubiquitin ligase. Mib interacts with the intracellular domain of Delta to promote its ubiquitylation and internalization. Cell transplantation studies suggest that mib function is essential in the signaling cell for efficient activation of Notch in neighboring cells. (중략)

• 천문학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

We present the results of VLA $NH_3$ (1,1) and (2,2) line observations of the young-stellar object (YSO) IRAS 19550+3248. The integrated intensity map of the $NH_3$ (1,1) line shows that there are two ammonia cores in this region; core A which is associated with the YSO, and core B which is diffuse and located at the northeast of core A. Core A is compact and elongated along the east-west direction (0.07 pc$\times$0.05 pc) roughly perpendicular to the molecular outflow axis. Core B is diffuse and extended (0.18 pc$\times$0.07 pc). $NH_3$ (2,2) line is detected only toward core A, which indicates that it is hotter (~ 15 K), presumably due to the heating by the YSO. The $NH_3$ (1,1) line toward core A is wide (${\Delta}v{\ge} 3 km s^{-l}$) and appears to have an anomalous intensity ratio of the inner satellite hyperfine lines. The large line width may be attributed to the embedded YSO, but the hyperfine anomaly is difficult to explain. We compare the results of $NH_3$ observations with those of previous CS observations and find that the CS emission is detected only toward core A and is much more extended than the $NH_3$ emission.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

YB $a_2$C $u_3$$O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) films were deposited on (100) SrTi $O_3$ single crystal substrates by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system of hot-wall type using single liquid source. Under the condition of the mole ratio of Y(tmhd)$_3$:Ba(tmhd)$_2$:Cu(tmhd)$_2$= 1:2.1:2.9. the deposition pressure of 10 Torr. the MO source line speed of 15 cm/min. the Ar/ $O_2$ flow rate of 800/800 sccm. YBCO films were prepared at the deposition temperatures of 780∼89$0^{\circ}C$. In case of the YBCO films with 2.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness deposited for 6 minutes at 86$0^{\circ}C$. XRD pattern showed complete c-axis growth and SEM morphology showed dense and crack-free surface. The atomic ratios of Ba/Y and Cu/Ba in the film were 1.92 and 1.56. respectively. The deposition rate of the film was as high as 0.37 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/min. The critical temperature ( $T_{c.zero}$) of the film was 87K. The critical current of the film was 104 A/cm-width. and the critical current density was 0.47 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$. For the thinner film of 1.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness. the critical current density of 0.62 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was obtained.d.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2012

Objective : To document lumbar lordosis (LL) of the spine and its change during surgeries with the different height but the same angle setting of the anterior cage. Additionally, we attempted to determine if sufficient LL is achieved at different cage heights and to quantify the change in LL during multi-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Methods : The medical records and radiographs of 42 patients who underwent more than 2 level ALIFs between 2008 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated 3 parameters seen on lateral whole spine radiographs : LL, pelvic incidence (PI), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The mean follow-up time was 28.1 months and the final follow-up radiographs of all patients were reviewed at least 2 years after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-tests. Results : Lumbar lordosis had changed up to 30 degrees immediately and 2 years after surgery (preoperative mean LL, SVA : 22.45 degrees, 112.31 mm; immediate postoperative mean LL, SVA : 54.45 degrees, 37.36 mm; final follow-up mean LL, SVA : 49.56 degrees, 26.95 mm). Our goal of LL is to obtain as much PI as possible, preoperative mean PI value was $55.38{\pm}3.35$. The pre-operative and two year post-surgery follow-up mean of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score were $9.2{\pm}0.6$ and $13.2{\pm}0.6$ (favorable outcome rate : 95%), respectively. In addition, we were able to obtain good clinical outcomes and sagittal balance with a subsidence rate of 22.7%. Conclusion : We were able to achieve sufficient LL, such that it was similar to the PI, utilizing multi-level ALIF with the use of a tall cage with the same angle setting of the cage. We have found out that achieving sufficient lumbar lordosis and sagittal balance require an anterior lumbar cage with high angle and height.