• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1425-1431
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• 2015

면역 시스템의 림프구는 B 림프구와 T 림프구 두 종류로 나눌 수 있다. B 림프구는 플라즈마 세포로 분화하여 항체를 생성하는 체액성 면역을 담당하며, T 림프구는 다른 세포나 세균을 죽이는 세포성 면역을 담당한다. 고전적으로 B 림프구와 T 림프구의 작용은 한 방향으로 이뤄졌다. T 림프구는 B 림프구의 분화를 촉진하고 면역글로불린종류의 전환을 조절한다. T 림프구가 부족한 경우 B 림프구의 부족을 초래함이 보고되어 있다. 그러나 최근에 역으로 B 림프구가 T 림프구의 분화와 활성을 조절할 수 있다는 보고가 있다. 예를 들어, B 림프구는 CD8+ T 림프구의 tolerance를 직접 조절할 수 있고, TGF-β의 분비를 통해 T 림프구의 anergy를 유도할 수 있다. 본 연구는 LPS에 의해 자극된 B 림프구가 수지상세포에서 IL-12의 분비를 억제하여 Th1 림프구의 분화를 억제할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이 억제는 B 림프구와 수지상세포의 직접적인 interaction에 의해 일어나는 것이 아니며 B 림프구가 수지상세포의 성숙을 조절하여 일어나는 것도 아니다. B 림프구에서 분비되는 soluble factor가 LPS에 의해 증가되는 수지상세포의 IL-12p35 transcription을 억제한다. 이 결과들은 B 림프구가 매개하는 새로운 면역억제 기전이 존재함을 보여준다. 이것은 고전적인 방향성을 가진 T 림프구에 의한 B 림프구 작용조절로 면역반응이 결정되는 것이 아니라 T 림프구와 B 림프구가 서로 작용을 하여 면역평형을 결정하는 기전이 존재함을 보여준다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.317-340
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• 1993

This study was designed 1) to compare the distributions of periapical inflammatory cells and 2) to identify lymphocytes and compare the lymphocyte distribution with T lymphocyte subpopulation and then 3) to examine the distribution of cycling cell in human dental periapical lesions. From each of the twenty-five human dental periapical lesions observed one small portion was fixed, embeded in paraffin, sectioned serially and stained with HE. The periapical inflammatory cells were counted to obtain the relative concentration of lymphocyte, plasma cell, macrophage and neutrophil. The large part of each lesion was analysed using Flow cytometer and monoclonal antibodies to obtain the relative concentration of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T'helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. In addition to that, seven human dental periapical lesions were examined with DNA analysis to observe the distribution of cycling cell. Following results were obtained: 1. 24 cases of the 32 periapical lesions examined were diagnosed as periapical granuloma and the remaining 8 cases as periapical cyst. Lymphocytes comprised 42.1% of total inflammatory cells in periapical granuloma and 41.8% in periapical cyst. Corresponding percentages for macrophages were 33.8% and 30.3%; for plasma cells, 15.9% and 19.0%; for neutrophils, 8.2% and 8.8%. 2. All of the periapical lesions examined had T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T helper cell, T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. And in all cases, T lymphocytes were observed predominantly more than B lymphocytes. 3. In 2 cases of the control group only T lymphocytes were found, and in the remaining 2 cases T lymphocytes were observed predominantly. 4. T helper cells were observed predominantly more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in all cases of perapical granulomas. 5. T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were observed predominantly more than T helper cells in 4 cases of periapical cysts (total 5 cases were examined) and only in one case T helper cells were more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. 6. In control group, T helper cells were predominant in 2 cases and T helper cells were equivalent to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in one case. In remaining one case T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were predominant. 7. As the result of DNA analysis, the average proliferating indices of the various groups examined were measured as follows: in the control group 5.45%, in periapical granuloma 6.64%, in periapical cyst 10.1%. The highest index was observed in periapical cyst.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 1985

This study was designed to identify lymphocytes and to compare the lymphocyte distribution in endoodontically treated periapical lesions with that in endodontically untreated periapical lesions by way of immunohistochemical staining. Twenty-one human dental periapical lesions were obtained, frozened, serially sectioned to $4-5{\mu}$, and stained using the three-stage indirect immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies for detecting the presence of B,T lymphocyte and T suppressor cell. Following results were obtained; 1. All of the examined periapical lesions had positive staining for B,T lymphocyte and T suppressor cell. 2. The concentration of T lymphocytes in 18 lesions diagnosed as periapical cyst and granuloma in both groups was greater than that of B lymphocytes and 2 periapical lesions identified as abscess in treated lesions had more positive B lymphocytes than positive T lymphocytes. 3. The average numbers of T,B lymphocytes and T suppressor cells in Endodontically treated lesions were lower than those of untreated lesions, but no statistically significant difference was noted. 4. When the distribution ratios of T lymphocytes to B lymphocytes and T suppressor cells to T lymphocytes were compared in Endodontically treated lesions by the histological aspects of the lesions and at the intervals of the duration after Endodontic treatment, a statistically significant change was not found. 5. The mean values of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and T suppressor cells in Endodontically treated lesions were markedly decreased in the specimens obtained at 3 month after Endodontic treatment, but no statistically significant difference was found.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1185-1191
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• 1992

Cell mediated immunity is depressed following surgical procedure and the degree of immunosuppression is directly related to the magintude of the procedure, blood transfusion, and length of operation. So we would expect cardiac operations to be highly immunosuppressive, although little is konwn about their immunosuppressive effect. The nearly complete consumption of complement factors and decreased levels of IgM and IgG resulting in an impaired opsonizing capacity. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cell counts including T-and B-lymphocytes and T-cell subsets are reduced. Depression of cell-mediated immunity following open-heart surgery is potentially detrimental because it could increase the susceptability of patients to viral and bacterial infection. We reviewed 20 patients after cardiac operation to search for changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometer and the preoperative values of lymphocyte subsets were compared with those from the first, fourth, and seventh days after operation. After cardiac operation, total mumbers of T lymphocyte was severely depressed on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day after operation. CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were decreased on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day also. There was four cases of wound infection and these patients had increased CD4 lympocyte and more decreased CD19 lymphocyte compared with the non-infected group. It is concluded from these data that cell-mediated immunity is significantly depressed for at least one week following open-heart surgery and this result was closely related to the postoperative infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to detect certain change in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in women with premature ovarian failure. The B cells, T cells and subsets were counted in 21 women with premature ovarian failure and 30 age-matched normal control women. The B cells were measured by identifying lymphocyte with surface membrane immunoglobulin and T cells and subsets by indirect immunofluorescence technique with the monoclonal antibodies OK T3, OK T4, and OK T8. The results were as follows. 1. No significant difference in the absolute number of B cells, T cells and subsets between women with premature ovarian failure and normal control women was observed. 2. The percentage of B cells, T cells and OK T8(+) cells in women with premature ovarian failure was not significantly different from that in normal control subjects respectively. 3. The percentage of OK T4(+) cells and OK T4/0K T8(+) ratio was significantly higher in women with premature ovarian failure than in control subjects.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2001

Background: An immunological approach for aging mechanism appears to be important. Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed to assess the immune status and to diagnose and monitor various diseases. Some lymphocyte subsets are known to change with age, but only few data about age-related reference ragnes for these subsets in healthy individuals have been reported. So we attempted to report reference ranges for these subsets in each age group and review changes of the results with age for the secondary studies about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (VDJ) including recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2). Methods: Lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 302 subjects, 189 males and 113 females with age group of all decades of life. Two color direct immunofluorescene flow cytometry (FCM) was done using $Simultest^{TM}$ IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Becton Dickinson, USA), $FACScan^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA) and $FACSCalibur^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA). Lymphocyte subsets analysed were T ($CD3^+$) and B cells ($CD19^+$), helper/inducer T ($CD4^+$) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells ($CD8^+$), helper/suppressor ($CD4^+/CD8^+$) ratio and natural killer (NK) cells ($CD3^-CD16^+/CD56^+$). The absolute numbers of each subset were calculated from total lymphocyte counts. Data collected was analysed using SAS 6.12. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We reported the counts and percentages of lymphocyte and these subsets in each age group. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The percentage of $CD4^+$ T cells, and the count of NK cells did not show the significant difference among the various age groups. The age-related changes observed in our study were as following: 1) a decrease in the percentages of T cells, B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 2) a decrease in the counts of B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 3) an increase in the percentage and count of NK cells ; and 4) an increase in the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio. Conclusion: The characteristics of aging process appeared to be showing a marked decrease of lympocyte subsets T and B cells as well as T8 ($CD8^+$). The age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing NK marker can be interpreted as a compensatory consequence to cope with the decrease of T cells related to the thymic involution. These changes with age appeared to be for the secondary study about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.374-387
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of lymphocyte populations in normal, reversibly inflamed and irreversibly inflamed human dental pulp tissues using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, with specific antibody and fluorochrome reagent allows us to know cellular properties of hematolymphoid cells by measuring fluorescence of stained cells. Before extirpation of pulps in routine endodontic treatment, the clinical diagnosis were performed by symptom. The extirpated pulp tissues were divided into normal pulp group (N=5), reversible pulpit is group(N=10) and irreversible pulpitis group(N=7). The specimen was placed into RPMI 1640 medium, minced into small pieces, and then digested in medium with collagenase. The cell suspension was resuspended in PBS for monoclonal antibody staining of T lymhocytes(CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), T helper cell (CD4+) and T supressor cell (CD8+). The percentages of cells were counted by FACStar(BD) flow cytometer. Following results were obtained; 1. In the most normal and inflamed pulps, the percentages of T lymphocyte, B lymphocytes, T helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell were less than 1 % in total counted pulpal cells. 2. The higher percentages of T, B, T helper and T suppressor cells were observed in irreversible pulpitis group as compared with the normal pulp and reversible pulpitis group but the differences between groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. The percentages of T helper cells (CD4 + cells) were greater than that of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8 + cells) in the inflamed pulps.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

This study has measured the pulmonary function by treadmill test for 6 young women who were in twenties, and analyzed the respiratory-circulatory function and the change of hormone and immune response after performing the exercise program (60% severity) for 10 weeks. The results are as follows; 1. 10 weeks regular exercise made a decrease in weight and body fat proportion, and improved the respiratory-circular function by increasing the maximum oxygen absorption and ventilation. 2. 10 weeks regular exercise made a significant increase in count of WBC, lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte, but a significant decrease in B lymphocyte. NK cell also showed an increase in counts, but insignificant. 3. 10 weeks regular exercise made a significant increase in blood norepinephrine level. Epinephrine and cortisol also showed an increase in count, but insignificant. In summary, it suggested that 10 weeks regular exercise improves the immune function by decrease in body fat, increase in respiratory-circular function and metabolic efficiency, and also by raising Th/Ts ratio (an increase in count of WBC, lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte, but a decrease in suppressor T lymphocyte).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Palmiboshinwhan (PMBSW) in methotrexate (MTX)-induced immunosuppressed SD rats. Methods: The test articles were once a day dosed for 14 days by gastric gavage from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight and total blood leukocyte numbers were observed with total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte percentages, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte percentages in the blood and spleen, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells. Result & Conclusion: It is concluded that PMBSW has relatively good immunostimulating effect in the MTX-induced immunosuppressed SD rats. Theefficient dosage was considered above 500mg/kg. In addition, it is considered that the immunostimulating effect of PMBSW was mediated to both the B and T lymphocytes. The more favorable effects were detected in T lymphocytes rather than B lymphocytes, and PMBSW showedrelatively good stimulating potential against CD4+ T lymphocytes but not any stimulating effect against CD8+ T lymphocytes in the present study.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 1992

톨루엔의 폭로가 인체의 면역기능에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아 보기 위하여 톨루엔 취급자 21명과 일반 사무직 근로자 12명에 대하여 혈액 및 말초혈액 림프구의 subpopulation에 대하여 조사하였다. 혈액소견은 두 군 모두 정상범위로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. CD4 림프구 세포의 비율은 두 군에서 유사하였으며 T와 B림프구 및 CD8 림프구 세포의 비율은 폭로군에서 약간 낮았으나, 두 군 모두 정상 범위로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 폭로군에서 T 림프구 및 CD4 세포의 비율은 근무기간이 길수록 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 본 연구의 폭로군에서 림프구의 subpopulation은 전반적으로 비폭로군보다 약간 낮은 경향은 있었지만, 정상범위에 해당하였으므로 톨루엔에 폭로되었을 때 인체에 대한 면역기능은 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 생각되어진다. 그러나 폭로기간에 따라 면역기능이 변동하는 것으로 보아 톨루엔이 인체의 면역기능에 미치는 영향에 관한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다.