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체중조절 내담자의 영양섭취 및 식행동 실태 분석 (Analysis on Nutrient Intakes and Eating Behaviors of Female Students Visiting Nutrition Counselling Office)

  • 이보숙;권순형;허채옥;조경련;이영순;김명자;임호남
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.352-363
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze health-related habits, weight control experience and body composition of 344 female students visiting nutrition counselling office. Dietary habits of the subjects were assessed by means of interview with questionnaire and nutrient intakes were evaluated by the simple dietary assessment method. Weight and height were measured to get body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio and their body composition were measured by Inbody 3.0. The obtained results were as follows: 1) Among students, 14.5% were exercising on a regularly basis, of which the exercises were walking and gymnastic exercise(22.1%), jogging(14.1%), and rope-skipping(4.7%), 48.4% of students were little drinking and 30.5% were once a week and smokers were 4.1%. 2) 28.3% of students were little having breakfast and 15.1% were once or twice a week. Two third of total students were not having breakfast regularly. Also only 59.6% of students were having dinner everyday, which means many of them were even skipping dinner. The reasons why they were not having breakfast were because they don't have enough time to eat(66.0%) and for a diet(2.8%) and the reasons for skipping dinner were because they were not hungry(23.0%), for the weight loss(18.2%). It was shown that they would skip dinner rather than breakfast for a weight control. 51.6% of students were taking snack 1~2 times a day and 5.3% were having little snack. 55.4% of students were dining out once a day and 15.4% more am 2 times a day. 3) 46.7% of students were already experiencing weight control before visiting the counselling office. 78.5% of students tried on one kind of weight control method, 11.4% on two kinds, and 10.1 % on more than three kinds. The method they tried for a weight control most was the one food diet using egg, fruits and beans, which is the most popular among them, and the next were an aerobic exercise(23.6%). a diet tried by a famous entertainer (15.5%), and the fasting(14.5%). 4) The average BMI was 21.2 and the body fat rate was 28.1%. As a result of grouping BMI, 12.8% were underweight 67.6% normal weight 11.6% overweight and 8% obesity. Less than standard for the body fat rate were 0.6%, 50.6% standard, 48.5% more than standard. 49.2% of students as normal weight on a BMI were assessed the so-called "skinny obesity. 50% of consulted students situated fat intra-abdominally at the umbilical level(WHR>0.8). 5) The energy intake was 76.6$\pm$17.8% of RDA and constituent ratio of carbohydrate, fat and protein were 64.2$\pm$5.2%, 21.6$\pm$3.7% and 14.3$\pm$2.3%, respectively, which is little over of 20% of recommended ratio of fat. Protein and niacin intake were more than 90% of RDA and riboflavin and vit. C were taken more than 100% of RDA. But Fe intake was 69.4$\pm$19.3%, Ca 76.6$\pm$23.6%, which were the least constituents. There was not remarkable significance between energy intake and nutrient density based on the groups of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity of BMI. 6) It was shown that body fat rate had remarkably significant correlation(p<0.000) with BMI(r=0.760) and WHR(r=0.817) respectively, but body fat rate was more correlated with WHR than with BMI. There was not much significant difference between body fat rate and WHR whether they exercised or not. However. BMI was significantly higher in the exercise group because one who showed higher BMI started to exercise since they looked fat in appearance and perceived as they were fat. fat.

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미나리가루의 첨가가 Castella의 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dropwort Powder on the Quality of Castella)

  • 박상준;이광석;안혜령
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.834-839
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    • 2007
  • 밀가루의 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%를 미나리가루로 대체한 castella를 제조하여 최적의 비율을 알아보고, 대체 비율에 따라 castella의 비중 및 비용적, 색도와 조직감, 관능적 특성을 통해 품질 특성을 평가하였다. 미나리가루의 첨가는 castella의 비중을 증가시켰는데 미나리가루가 12% 첨가된 DP 12의 비중이 가장 높았고, 나머지는 첨가량이 줄어들수록 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 비용적은 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮게 나타났다. 색도에서 L값은 미나리가루를 첨가한 castella보다 대조구가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 미나리가루 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아졌고, a값은 미나리가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 미나리가루의 색소 성분의 증가로 인하여 녹색이 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 조직감 측정 결과는 견고성, 접착성, 씹힘성에서 미나리가루가 9% 첨가된 DP 9가 가장 높게 나타났고, 응집성은 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다. 하지만 탄력성에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 관능검사 결과는 castella의 속질색과 껍질색이 대조구에 비해 진했다. 기공의 크기는 미나리가루 첨가랑이 많아질수록 작아지고, 기공의 균일성은 미나리가루 첨가량이 많아질수록 일정했다. 견고성은 미나리가루 첨가량이 많아질수록 높게 나타났고, 미나리가루의 맛도 첨가량이 많아질수록 높게 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 미나리가루 9%가 첨가된 DP 9가 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 미나리가루 첨가에 대한 기능적인 측면에서는 9%를 첨가한 DP 9나 12%를 첨가한 DP 12가 좋겠지만, 재료비 대비 측면에서는 미나리 가루를 3% 첨가한 DP 3이 미나리가루 첨가의 적정량으로 보여진다.e)에 있어서는 검은콩 청국장 가루를 10% 첨가한 BC10시료가 가장 높은 점수를 받았는데, 이 결과는 청국장 냄새가 강하지 않고 촉촉한 정도(moistness)나 부드러움(softness)에 있어서도 무첨가 마들렌과의 차이가 가장 적기 때문으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 검은콩 청국장 가루 첨가 마들렌 제조 시 10%를 첨가하는 것이 조직과 관능 특성 상 적정 첨가량임을 알 수 있었다.과 통신탑재체 및 통신탑재체와 CBSSIM을 연동시키는 PCTS를 포함한 HITL시뮬레이터의 설계 및 구현 내용에 관해 기술한다.에 관해 기술한다.와 관련된 involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin의 단백질 발현이 최소한 2-3배 이상 증가함을 HaCaT 세포에 UA와 ONA(각 10$\mu$M)를 24 h 처리 후 실험 결과로 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과를 토대로 UA와 ONA가 장벽기능 향상뿐 아니라 PPAR $\alpha$를 통한 표피 각질세포 분화를 유도함을 제시할 수 있었다. Masson-trichrome과 elastic fiber 염색법을 통해서, UA와 ONA 도포에 따른 콜라겐섬유의 비후(thickening)와 엘라스틴섬유의 신장(elongation)을 조직 사진으로 확인하였다. 시험관 시험을 통한 콜라겐 및 엘라스틴 합성실험과 엘라스틴 분해효소에 대한 저해능 평가를 통해 진피에 대한 UA와 ONA의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과들을 토대로 UA와 ONA는 피부장벽기능 유지뿐 아니라, 진피 내 콜라겐섬유와 엘라스틴섬유 합성을 촉진하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 결과로부터, UA와 ONA는 장벽기능 및 진피강화에 관여할

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변산반도국립공원 소나무림 식물군집구조 및 관리방안 연구 (A Study for Plant Community Structure and Management Plan of Pinus densiflora Forest in Byeonsanbando National Park)

  • 최진우;곽정인;이경재;최운규
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.447-459
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 변산반도국립공원 소나무군집의 식생구조 특성을 분석하여 소나무군집의 관리방안 수립하고 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 변산반도국립공원 전체 현존식생 조사결과 소나무군집과 소나무-참나무류군집이 40.3%의 넓은 면적으로 분포하였다. 소나무군집 내에 설정한 21개 조사지(단위면적: $400m^2$)의 TWINSPAN 분석결과 8개 유형으로 구분되었으며 수령 분석결과 소나무와 낙엽활엽수와의 수령이 40~50년생으로 유사하였다. 8개 유형은 굴참나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에 쇠물푸레나무와 졸참나무가 출현하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에 졸참나무, 관목층에 청미래덩굴이 출현하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에서 소나무와 쇠물푸레가 출현하는 소나무 군집, 졸참나무, 개서어나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 굴참나무, 졸참나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 산벚나무가 출현하는 소나무군집, 전나무가 출현하는 소나무군집이었다. 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무류, 개서어나무와 경쟁하는 소나무림은 향후 이들 낙엽활엽수림으로의 천이가 예측되었다. 샤논의 종다양도지수는 0.2756~1.3879이었으며 상관관계 분석결과 소나무는 굴참나무, 개서어나무 등과 유의적인 부의 상관관계가, 쇠물푸레나무, 철쭉꽃 등과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 변산반도국립공원 소나무림 식생구조 분석 결과 일부 참나무류, 낙엽활엽수로 천이가 예측되는 지역이 전체면적의 30.4%로 분포하여 관리방안으로 소나무림 경관보전을 위한 보존지역 설정과 참나무류, 개서어나무 등 경쟁수종의 관리를 제안하였다.

상용 소형 쑥뜸의 열역학적 특성에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on the Thermodynamic Characteristics of Commercial Small-size Moxa Combustion)

  • 이건목;황유진;이건휘
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.171-187
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    • 2001
  • Objective : Moxibustion has been proved efficacious for many diseases, but isn't widespread in the clinics due to a danger of skin burning, the smoke produced while burning a moxa combustion and so on. Therefore, another type of moxa that can be resolved these troubles is required. To improve the effect of moxibustion and develop the new thermal stimulating treatment, the performance of commercial moxibustion widely used are studied systematically and found out quantitatively. Methods : We have selected two types (small-size moxa A(sMA), small-size moxa B (sMB)) among small-size moxaes used widely in the clinic. We examined combustion time, various temperatures, temperature gradient in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results : 1. The combustion time in the preheating period appeared somewhat longer in sMA than in sMB. 2, The combustion time in the heating period appeared longer in sMA by 26% than in sMB. 3. The average temperature in the heating period was $37.6{\sim}37.8^{\circ}C\;in\;sMA\;and\;36.2{\sim}36.8^{\circ}C$ in sMB and the maximum temperature measured at a center of contact surface in sMA was $48.6^{\circ}C$, higher by over $2.8^{\circ}C$ than that of sMB moxibustion. 4. The average ascending temperature gradient in the heating period was $0.08{\sim}0.1^{\circ}C/sec$ in both moxaes, and the average ascending temperature gradient of heating period in sMB appeared larger. The maximum ascending temperature gradient appeared higher in sMB, and the time reaching maximum ascending temperature gradient appeared much earlier in sMA than in sMB. 5. The combustion time in the retaining period was around 100 sec in sMA and around 275 sec in sMB. 6. The average temperature in the retaining period was $42.2{\sim}46.0^{\circ}C\;in\;sMA\;and\;39.3{\sim}41.4^{\circ}C/sec$ in sMB. The minimum temperature in the retaining period was over $38.80^{\circ}C$ in sMA but just $34.7^{\circ}C$ in sMB. 7. The average descending temperature gradient in sMA was $-0.050{\sim}0.067^{\circ}C/sec$ and in sMB was $-0.030{\sim}0.037^{\circ}C/sec$ 8. The combustion time in the cooling period appeared longer over two times in sMA than in sMB, and the time which the cooling period (minimum temperature) finished at appeared later in sMB by 55 sec. 9. We classified the combustion process that the measured temperature rose over body heat($37^{\circ}C$) into the effective combustion period. The effective combustion time was 233.3 sec in sMA and 300.4 sec in sMB respectively, and was longer by about 29% in sMB. The average temperature and maximum temperature in the effective combustion time appeared higher in sMA. The time taken until the maximum temperature was reached was 225.1 sec in sMA and 244.5 sec in sMB, faster by about 20 sec in sMA. The maximum ascending temperature gradient during the effective combustion period appeared larger about 1.4 times in sMB, but the time when the maximum ascending temperature gradient happened was faster in sMA. Conclusion : It appears that sMB, compared with sMA, is proper if necessary to apply the long time and weak stimulus, because of the gentle stimulus during the relatively longer time. In contrast, sMA that the symmetrical combustion happened is proper if necessary to apply the short time and strong stimulus.

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폐유(肺兪) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 OVA-induced Asthma Mouse Model의 면역조절작용(免疫調節作用)에 미치는 영향 (The Experimental Study on the Immuno-regulatory effect of ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE Herbal- acupuncture at Pyesu(BL13) on OVA-induced asthma in mice)

  • 류은상;이현;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.185-200
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    • 2005
  • 폐유(肺兪) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)(AMCR-HA)이 정상 mouse와 알레르기 喘息이 유발된 mouse의 면역기전(免疫機轉)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 비교검토(比較檢討)하기 위하여 C57BL/6 mouse에 알레르기 천식병태(喘息病態)를 유발(誘發)하고 천식(喘息)이 유발(誘發)된 mouse와 정상 mouse의 폐유(肺兪) (BLl3)에 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)을 시술(施術)한 후, in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 통해 폐유(肺兪) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 천식억제(喘息抑制) 및 면역조절작용(免疫調節作用)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. in vitro 1. 폐내(肺內) 호립구(灝粒球), $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD23^+/B220^+$ 경포(絅胞) 비율은 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. in vivo 2. 폐의(肺) 질양(質量) 및 총 (總) 세포(細胞) 수 (數)는 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少) 하였다. 3. BALF내의(內) 총 (總) 임파구(淋巴球)와 호산구(好酸球) 수가(數) 유의성(有意性) 있게 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 조직학적(組織學的) 검사결과(檢査結果), collagen의 부착(附着)이 유의성(有意性) 있게 감소(減少)하였다. 5. BALF 및 serum 내 (內)IL-4, IL-5., IL-13, LgE 수가(數) 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 6. 폐내(肺內) $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$, $CDl9^+$, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ 세포(細胞) 수가(數) 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 7. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 등의 mRNA 발현(發顯)이 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 8. AHCR-HR군(群)에서는 Normal군과(群) 비교하여 별다른 차이가 없었으며, OVA-Saline 군과(群) OVA-Needle-Prick군에(群)서는 OVA control군과(群) 비교하여 유의성(有意性)있는 변화를 관찰 할 수 없었다.

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고온 초전도체 YBa$_2 Cu_3O_{7-x}$와 YBa$_2Cu_4O_8$의 전자구조와 성질에 관한 연구 (Study on Electronic Structures and Properties in High $T_c\;YBa_2Cu_O_{7-x}\;and\;YBa_2Cu_4O_8$ Superconductors)

  • 손만식;하윤식;백우현;이기학
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 1991
  • 초전도체 이트륨계 계열 중 임계온도 95 K인 YBa$_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ 초전도계(123 system)와 80 K 인 YBa$_2Cu_4O_8$ 초전도계(124 system)의 차이점을 확장 Huckel 분자궤도론(EHT)으로 계산하였다. 123계와 124계의 layer와 chain에 대한 하전 Cu-O cluster 모델을 각각 계산한 다음 원자가 전자분포(Valence Electron Population, VEP), 환산 겹침분포(Reduced Overlap Population, ROP) 그리고 알짜 전하(net charge)를 비교하였다. 그 결과 123 및 124계의 layer에 있어서 구리원자의 원자가 전자는 d$_{x^2-y^2}$ 오비탈 보다는 d$_{z^2}$ 오비탈에 더 많이 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있었고, chain에 있어서 구리원자의 원자가 전자는 d$_{z^2}$ 오비탈보다는 d$_{y^2-z^2}$ 오비탈에서 더 많이 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 123계에 있어서 ROP는 Y 방향의 Cu(1)-O(2)보다 X 방향의 Cu(1)-O(1)가 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 124계에 있어서 layer의 ROP는 X 방향의 Cu(1)-O(1)보다 Y 방향의 Cu(1)-O(2)가 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 123 및 124 계에 있어서 chain의 ROP는 Y 방향의 Cu(2)-O(3)보다 Z 방향의 Cu(2)-O(4)가 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 123계의 layer에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하는 chain에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하보다 더 큰 반면 124계의 chain에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하는 layer에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하보다 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다.)-O(2)가 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 123 및 124 계에 있어서 chain의 ROP는 Y 방향의 Cu(2)-O(3)보다 Z 방향의 Cu(2)-O(4)가 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 123계의 layer에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하는 chain에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하보다 더 큰 반면 124계의 chain에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하는 layer에 존재하는 구리의 알짜 전하보다 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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중년기 남성의 스트레스와 갱년기 증상 (A Study on the Relationship between Stress and Climacteric Symptoms of Midlife Men)

  • 정연강;이재온;한경임
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.513-522
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    • 2002
  • This study investigated stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms in mid-life men, and examined their relationship in order to better understand the stress and climacteric symptom experiences of mid-life men, and thereby attempted to offer basic materials for the development of a health improvement program that may help increase the quality of life of mid-life men. Three hundred mid-life men whose ages were between 40 and 59 and resided in the Seoul area were subjects of this study. The data were analyzed with the SAS PC program using descriptive statistics to analyze subjects' general characteristics and variables of stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms of the subjects. The relationship between stress and climacteric symptoms were examined by the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms in relation to the general characteristics were analyzed by T-test and ANOVA. The study conclusions are as follows: 1. Subjects general characteristics The average, age of the subjects was 46 and 47.0% of them reported ages between 40 and 45. Of the subjects, 98% were married. In marriage satisfaction, those who were generally satisfied with their married life comprised 62.0% of the subjects. In terms of level of education, 95.7% were educated above the high school level. In occupational background, 59.7% had occupations related to technologies. As for religion, 42.7% had no religion. In number of children, 67.3% had 2 children. In residential status, 79,3% were living in their own homes. In terms of living arrangements, 87.7% of the subjects were living in the form of nuclear families. 2. Stress and the extent of climacteric symptoms The level of stress was scored as $2.94{\pm}0.74$, and considering that the overall examination score is $27.16{\pm}1.32$, the subjects' stress level was not viewed as particularly high. The average score of the extent of climacteric symptoms was $35.37{\pm}0.27$. The extent of sub-domains of climacteric symptoms included skeleton symptoms ($39.37{\pm}2.81$), joint pain ($39.16{\pm}3.66$), vasomotor symptoms ($35.39{\pm}3.01$), other symptoms ($36.99{\pm}3.02$), psychological symptoms ($34.68{\pm}3.01$), urogenic symptoms ($35.03{\pm}3.27$), and cardiovascular symptoms ($33.70{\pm}2.78$). 3. General characteristics in relation to the stress level The subjects' general characteristics that were significantly related to the level of stress were marriage status (F=4.38, p=.001), marriage satisfaction (F=4.56, p=.001), educational background (F=2.68, p=.012), and age (F=2.48, p=.033). 4. General characteristics in relation to the level of climacteric symptoms The subjects' general characteristics that were significantly related to the level of climacteric symptoms were educational background (F=3.26, p=.007), age (F=2.58, p=.027), marriage status (F=2.62, p=.025), and marriage satisfaction (F=2.78. p=.032). 5. The correlation between stress and climacteric symptoms The subjects' level of stress and climacteric symptoms were significantly related to each other (r=0.578, p=0.000). The subjects' level of stress was correlated with sub-domains of the climacteric symptoms including psychological symptoms (r=0.579, p=0.000), joint pain (r=0.479, p=0.000), skeleton symptoms (r=0.477, p=0.000), other symptoms (r=0.467, p=0.000), vasomotor symptoms (r=0.4615, p=0.000), cardiovascular symptoms (r=0.458, p=0.000), urogenic symptoms (r=0.401. p=0.000). In summary, the climacteric symptoms suffered by mid-life men are positively correlated with their level of stress. In addition, the climacteric symptoms were affected by the level of stress.

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비만여성과 정상체중 여성의 사회적지지 및 건강지각의 비교 (Comparative Study on Social Support and Perceived Health between Obese Women and Normal Weight Women)

  • 김정아;왕명자
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.587-599
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare abdomen-fat rate, life style and social-support between normal weight women and obese women. Method: 304 women objectives from their 30 to 59 years of age were selected living in Je-chon city, Chung-Buck province and their height and weight were measured from April 1st to June 30th, 2003. Data were classified into low-weight group ($18.5kg/m^2$), normal-weight group ($18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$), over weight group ($23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$), and obese group ($25kg/m^2$) following the Korean Conference of Obesity, 2001. in which 119 people in the normal weight group and 91 people in the obese group, i.e. total 210 people were analyzed in sequence. Using SPSS Win 10.1 Program, frequency and percentile, and by ANOVA, $X^2-test$ and t-test were treated. Results: The average age of obese women was 46.68 distributing 40.7% of forties and 39.6% of fifties while normal-weight women were average 41.73-year old distributing 53.8% of forties and 34.5% of thirties, which revealed aged in obese women. The body fat rate of obese women averaged $37.52{\pm}4.17%$, in which 98.9% of obese women and 21.0% of normal weight women with a more than 30% of body-fat rate resulted in a higher body-fat rate in obese women. The waists of obese women averaged $88.37{\pm}8.22cm$, in which more than 85cm showed in obese women of 68.2% and normal weight women of 7.6% indicating a higher waist-fat rate in obese women. The abdomen-fat rate of more than 0.85 of waist vs hip-fat showed 74.7% in obese women and 58.4% in normal weight women, indicating a higher abdomen-fat rate in obese women. Obese women and normal weight women showed significant differences in education level, number of children, religion, menstrual status, and mother's weight. Especially, obese women ate hotter or saltier food than normal weight women preferring meat. However, no significant differences appeared in marital status, social economic status. occupation. eating habits. smoking. drinking and physical exercise. Social support levels showed a lower rate in obese women than in normal weight women, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Observing areas of social support, obese women showed lower rates in attachment/intimacy, social integrity, opportunity of foster and confidence in value except help and instruction, which indicated a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Social support for obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, religion and menstrual status. Obese women were more negative than normal weight women in health recognition, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.01). Normal weight women showed higher health recognition when provided high social support and significantly low (p<.01) health recognition when provided low social support. However, there was no significant difference in health recognition in obese women whether high or low social support was given. The health recognition of obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, number of children, menstrual status, physical exercise, eating habits, eating taste and preference of food. Conclusion: Obese women showed elder than normal-weight women, higher body-fat rate and abdomen-fat rate, lower social support, and a tendency to more negative health recognition. Therefore, providing weight-control programs for the treatment of obesity and prevention of recurrence for obese women to prevent progressing to adult disease and promote a healthy life, we suggest that better eating habits and the encouragement of regular physical exercise should be included, as well as total approachment on change of health recognition and social support would be needed.

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간호조무사의 근무환경인식과 성격성향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Working Environment Recognition and the Caracter Disposition of Nurse Aides)

  • 이선이
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.57-74
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    • 1990
  • As the whole world took on the tendency to be highly industrialized, it became necessary for each field of occupation to require professional man power. Especially, since the World War n, the participation of woman power in economic activities has been continually increasing. In our country also, because of the rapid economic growth, change in the way of thinking of women as well as their participation in economic activities are increasing. Thus, woman power is being utilized in various occupational fields from simple physical labor to those that require high-professional skill. Also, continued economic development policies, by setting the establishment of welfare society as the ideology to be fulfilled, brought expansion of medical facilities in the field of public health and increase in man power in that field. As for the nursing specialists, more than 6000 have been being produced per year and as of the end of 1988, the total number of nursing specialists, reached 123, 115. Therefore, this study is done to recognize the professional knowledge and ability of nursing specialists, who take up $40\%$ of the total public-health related man power in our country, through evaluating their working environment and their disposition of character. This study, which was done from September 18th to September 30th 1989, took on the method of using formed questionnaires that had been amended and supplemented during two preparatory investigations, 322 of such questionnaires were used as an analytical material. In the formation of questionnaires, 12 questions were related to the working environment, and 26 in fortotal were related to the disposition of character, 5 for wise-disposition, 11 for activedisposition and 10 for open-disposition. The measuring method, which used 5-point-standard, allowed 5 points for affirmative recognition of the working environment, also 5 points for showing wise, active and open disposition of character and only point in opposite cases. Collected materials were analyzed, through an electronic calculation, into the average value, the standard deflection percentage, pearson corelative number and stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the results from this study is as follows: 1. It was shown that the nursing specialists with the average of 3.07 have affirmative recognition of their working environment. The questions which drew most affirmative reaction were those concerning finance-management system such as hand, the questions that received negative reaction were those concerning communication method with the average of 2.49. Such reaction seems to have resulted from the cramming regulation by the superior authorities. Concerning the recognition of working environment in relation to employment conditions, more affirmative recognition is shown with the average of 3.14. at hospitals where injection job is not performed. The nursing specialists working at regular hospitals show more affirmative recognition than those at general hospitals, the averages being respectiely 3.16 and 3.03. 2. As for the disposition of character of the nursing specialists, active-disposition was highest with the average of 3.38, next was wise-disposition with 3.20 and the lowest was open-diposition with 2.98. Variable-wise disposition of character shows that wise-disposition and academic background are beneficially correlated by 0.12. Ative-disposition and open-disposition show correlation to the office term by respectively 0.16 and 0.21. In other words. better academic background leads to higher wise-disposition and more - experience results in higher active and open disposition. Also, the class that performs the injection job, in relation to the working environment, might cause change in the self-conceit that identify those in that class with the nurses; however, as far as professional judgment and action, in dealing with nursing job, being wise, active and open is concerned, not much effect is made. 3. The relation between the recognition of the working environment and the disposition of character is that more afirmative recognition- a nursing specialist has about her working environment, the higher the active-disposition becomes by 0.13. The degrees of the relation between recongnition of environment and wise and open dispositions show respectively 0.06 and -0.06 and -0.06. That is to say that when having more affirmative recognition of the working environment, a nursing specialist shows wise but closed disposition of character. This, howerver, didn't mean much statistically. When observing the results mentioned above, it is conspicuous that the nursing specialists, working as substitutes for the nurse at medical institutions of various sizes, get the feeling of being somewhat equal to the nurses and to some extent, fulfill their desire to accomplish their ego; however, as far as professional ability expansion if concerned. they lack wise and open dispositions. Therefore, considiering upon the results of this study, in medical institutions where the work of nursing specialists is regaded equal to that of the nurses, as a medical member who deals with human lives, it is desirable to make the nursing specialists work under the supervision of the nurses and to offer them continuous education to strengthen and improve their natural dispositions.

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CAI 개별 학습 프로그램을 적용한 금연 교육과 강의식 금연 교육의 효과 비교 - 실업계 남자 고등학생을 대상으로 - (A Comparative Study on the Effect of Smoking Cessation Education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and Lecture - Focused on Vocational High School Male Students -)

  • 이은숙;김정남
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.74-94
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

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