• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1979

G를 유한군으로, C를 모든 복소수체로 가정하고, V를 C상에서의 유한차원 벡터공간이라 하자. V상에서의 G의 사영적 표시는, X, $y{\epsilon}G$이고 ${\alpha}:\;G{\times}G{\rightarrow}C$를 Facto set이라 할 때 $T(x)T(y)=T(xy){\alpha}(x,y)$이 되는 함수 $T=\;G{\rightarrow}GL(V)$를 말한다. 본 논문의 목적은 군에 대한 Extension theory를 사용해서, G상의 factor set들의 동치류들은 G의 Second Cohomology group과 동형이라는 것을 증명하는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of charcoal on germination and early growth of barley sprouts. Five treatments were employed based on different amount and treatment method along with control. Barley seeds were soaked in water for 8 hours. Two types of topping treatment were applied such as, charcoal: 100 g (designated as T1) and charcoal: 200 g (T2). Three kinds of mixing treatment were as follows: barley seeds were mixed with 100g of charcoal (designated as M1), with 200g of charcoal (M2), and with 300g of charcoal(M3). The control did not have any charcoal. In our finding, germination rates were observed 53.3% (control), 26.3%(T1), 36.3%(T2), 67.3%(M1), 81.7%(M2), and 79.7%(M3) at three days after inoculation (DAI). Length of radicle was found at 0.90 cm (control), 0.88 cm (T1), 0.99 cm (T2), 1.03cm (M1), 1.66 cm (M2), and 0.70 cm (M3) in 3 DAI. In addition, sprout length was found 4.5 cm (control), 10.4 cm (T1), 11.9 cm (T2), 5.7 cm (M1), 6.3 cm (M2), and 2.1 cm (M3) in 14 DAI. Fresh weight of sprouts were 0.78g (control), 1.03g (T1), 1.07g (T2), 0.96g (M1), 1.07g (M2), and 0.95g (M3). Among the treatment, topping of seeds on 200g of charcoal (T2) showed longest sprout length and fresh weight. Mixing treatments showed higher germination rates and sprout fresh weight. The results may be attributed to difference in micro-climate conditions (mostly temperature and humidity) in the growth boxes in different treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1973

Although numerous drugs are available for the treatment of superficial fungi infections of skin, the clinical effects of the majority of such drugs are not satisfactory. In the hope of searching the effective drugs for superficial fungi infections, authors studied whether Veratrum rhizoma extracts had any effect on fungi, with water extract (VRWE), ethanol extract (VREE) and methanol extract (VRME) from Veratrum album L. var. grandiflorum Max. In in vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained three extracts of Veratrun rhizoma in each concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, and the growth of the fungi were observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. The growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans were slightly inhibited by VRWE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, and with VRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, the growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum and T. rubrum were slightly inhibited, moderate inhibition on the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans were showed by VRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 2. With $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of VREE, the inhibition on growth of E. floccosum, M. nanum and M. gypseum were slight, however significant inhibition on the growth of M. canis, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed. The growth of M. nanum and M. gypseum were moderately inhibited, and significant inhibition on the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed by VREE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. By VREE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, the growth of all tested fungi were significantly inhibited except T. verrucosuia being showed slight inhibition. 3. Significant inhibition on the growth of M. canis, T, mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were noted, and moderate inhibition of M. nanum, slight inhibition of E. floccosum and M. gypseum in growth were observed by VRME $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. The growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, T. mentsgrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were significantly inhibited by VRME $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, and that of M. gypseum was moderate. With $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of VRME, significant inhibition on the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed, and T. verrucosum was showed only slight inhibition. From the above results, it was found that the extracts of organic solvents from Veratrum rhizoma (VREE & VRME) exerted significant antifungal activity, and their effects were probably derived from the pharmacological action of steroidal alkaloids.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.427-452
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• 2003

Korean is famous for having all voiceless stop sounds. Korean does have voiced stops but they are considered to exist only as the allophones of word initial /p, t, k/. My experiment shows the English word initial stop sounds [b, d, g] and the Korean lax stop series /p, t, k/ in word initial position are similar in the range of voice onset time. If English word initial[b, d, g] sounds are posited as voiced, then Korean word initial /p, t, k/ should be classified as voiced also. Phonetically English /b, d, g/ phonemes and Korean /p, t, k/ phonemes are very similar except the word initial [p, t, k] are devoiced slightly more, but not significant enough to be classified as voiceless than English word initial [b, d, g]. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, it explains why Korean /p, t, k/ series has the allophones [b, d, g] instead of fortis stops /p', t', k'/ in Korean even though /p', t', k'/ has less positive VOT value than /p, t, k/. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, then it does not cause spelling or pronunciation confusion either when Koreans learn English or English speakers learn Korean.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a form of the emerging 4th industry in the 5G era. IoT is expected to develop naturally in our daily life in the 5G era in which high-speed communication will be completed. Along with the rise of IoT, concerns about security and malicious attacks are also increasing. This paper examines DoS attacks, which are one of the representative security threats of IoT and proposes a local detection and blocking system that are suitable for response to such attacks. First, systems of the LoRaWAN type, which are most actively researched in the IoT system field and DoS attacks that can occur in such systems were examined. Then, the inverse order tree algorithm using regional characteristics was designed as a cluster analysis form. Finally, a system capable of defending denial-of-service attacks in the 5G IoT system using local detection and blocking with the Euclidean distance was designed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the protein requirement for maintenance of fattening Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae). Six male goats with average initial body weight (BW) of $31.78{\pm}4.54kg$ and an average age of 8 months were used in this study. The experiment had a replicated duplicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design for balancing carryover effects. In the course of the experiment, each of Black goats were fed three diets that were formulated to contain T1 (13%), T2 (16%) and T3 (19%) levels of crude protein (CP). A 14-day diet adjustment period was followed by a 5-day collection period. Dry matter intake (DMI) of groups fed diets with T2 was 966.67g/d which was higher than group fed diets with T1 and T3 were 925.14g/d and 936.08g/d each. Average daily gains (ADG) of black goats were the highest in T2(167.13g/d) But, there was no significant difference. Dietary protein levels affected the apparent digestibility of CP (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in CP intake among treatments and goats receiving T3, T2, and T1 recorded 181.23, 154.57, and 128.78g CP/d, respectively. This was excepted because CP intake is proportional to CP content of diet, which from highest to lowest was as follows: T3 (19%) > T2 (16%) > T1 (13%). Intercept of the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance indicated that maintenance CP requirement was 1.63g/BW0.75.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1973

Although numerous drugs are available for the treatment of superficial fungi infections of skin, and yet the clinical effects of most of such drugs are not satisfactory. In the hope of searching for effective drugs for superficial fungi infections, the authors observed fungistatic effects of Pyrethri Flos, a common herb in Korea, with water extract (PFWE), ethanol extract (PFEE), and methanol extract (PFME) from Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium V. In in vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained Pyrethri Flos extracts in each concentrations of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, and the growth of the fungi was observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of these studies were as follows; 1. The growth of M. nanum & T. rubrum was slightly inhibited by PFWE $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, and the growth of M. nanum, M. cookei & T. rubrum was slightly inhibited by PFWE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum & M. cookei was slightly inhibited, however the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited by PFWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. With $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PFEE, the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and moderate inhibition of M. cookei growth and slight inhibition E. floccosum & M. gypseum were observed. The growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and the growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum & M. cookei was moderately inhibited by PFEE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Significant inhibitions of the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans were observed by PFEE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 3. The growth of E. floccosum & M. cookei was moderately inhibited, and the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited by PFME $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. But the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T, rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and the growth of T. verrucosum was slightly inhibited in both PFME $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.599-612
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic feed containing rice bran and soybean hull as organic by-products on milk production of mid-lactation dairy goats. Four Saanen dairy goats (initial BW $59.4{\pm}7.4$ kg, average 6 lactation months, fourth kidding) were allocated into conventional feed group (T1) and organic feed group (T2) with 2${\times}$3 crossover design for 9 weeks. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 23 MJ ME/d, 382 g CP/d DM based on NRC (1981) and AFRC (1998). Dry matter (DM) intakes of concentrate and silage were higher in T2 (1,232 and 96 g/d) than T1 (1,105 and 91 g/d) (p<0.05). However, DM intake of hay was higher in T1 (488 g) than T2 (347 g) (p<0.05). Total DM intake had no significant difference between T1 and T2. Although no significant difference was found in milk yield between treatments, T2 numerically increased (+150 g/d) compared with T1. There were no significant differences in milk composition and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) between T1 and T2. Relative to T1, T2 significantly increased the stearic acid (C18:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (p<0.05). Overall results of the present experiment indicated that organic feed could not adversely affect DM intake and milk production in dairy goats compared with conventional feed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

This study was carried out to develop the new mushroom cultivation medium for Pleurotus ostreatus using by EFB. Two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were used for this study and the difference in productivity was observed in each strain. There was not confirmed a mycelial growth inhibition by addition of Empty Fruit Bunch which is palm tree waste. In the productivity test of the mixed medium, In Suhan 1ho, yield of T2 treatment was highest as 90.6 g per bottle, It was 14.9% higher than control. In Kimje variety which is Chunchu strain, Yield of T2 treatment was highest as 139.8 g per bottle. It was 25.2% higher than control. In Kimje variety, as amount of 6mm diameter PEFB pellet is increased in medium, yield of mushroom was decreased. When 8mm diameter EFB was used for 532 medium, yield of both 50% EFB(T3) and 100% EFB (T5) treatment was better than other treatments. Therefore, it is suggested that 8 mm diameter EFB pellet is good material for mushroom cultivation medium and T5 treatment was showed a potential possibility as an alternative medium.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1998

It is well known that troponin T(below TnT) is present in the myocardial cells and released during myocardial damage, so it`s very specific enzyme to myocardium. Availability of cardiac specific TnT in assessing perioperatively myocardial damage was evaluated from 34 open heart surgery patients. They consisted of 11 ischemic heart, 13 acquired valvular heart and 10 congenital heart cases. Patients were divided into two groups, group A(patients with myocardial damage) and group B(patients without myocardial damage), according to the symptom of chest pain suspecting angina and the ECG findings of ST segment and T wave changes which show myocardial ischemia and injury. Serum TnT levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay method preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, postoperative day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 7. We observed and analyzed the changes of serum TnT levels in two groups and compared the serum TnT levels with CK-MB levels measured at the same time. In group A, serum TnT levels showed 1.37$\pm$0.26$\mu$g/L, 3.16$\pm$0.66$\mu$g/L, 2.39$\pm$0.74$\mu$g/L, 2.49$\pm$0.76$\mu$g/L, and 1.23$\pm$0.60$\mu$g/L, immediate postoperatively, postoperatively day1, day2, day3, and day7, respectively. It was observed there were significant differences compared with those of group B(0.38$\pm$0.04$\mu$g/L, 0.34$\pm$0.05$\mu$g/L, 0.25$\pm$0.03$\mu$g/L, 0.24$\pm$0.04$\mu$g/L, and 0.11$\pm$0.03$\mu$g/L) during identical periods(P<0.01). Serum CK-MB level in group A significantly elevated to 145.04$\pm$35.08 IU/L on the postoperative day 1 compared to group B(31.28$\pm$5.87 IU/L, P<0.05), However, it stiffly decreased from day 2 and returned to preoperative level at day 3. When serum TnT level more than 1.0$\mu$g/L is thought to reflect myocardial damage, serum TnT had 100% of sensitivity and 87% of specificity in diagnosing the postoperative myocardial damage(p<0.01). I conclusion, serum TnT levels increased significantly at very early stage of myocardial damage and persisted much longer period than CK-MB. This suggests that serum TnT has more advantage and availability in assessing the perioperatively myocardial damage than any other tests.