• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2012

Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient and more powerful wastewater treatment processes are required rather than the existing activated sludge process. In order to meet this demands, we evaluate Task 1-4 about lab scale $A_{2}O$　process using biofilm media. Task 1, 2, and 3 use 'Module A' which has 4 partitions (Anoxic/Anerobic/Oxic/Oxic). Task 4 uses 'Module B' which has 2 partitions including a denitrification reactor with an Inclined plug flow reactor (IPFR) and a nitrification reactor with biofilm media. The denitrification reactor of Module B is designed to be upward flow using IPFR. The result of evaluating at each Task has shown that attached growth system has better capacity of removal efficiency for organic matter and nitrogen with the exception of phosphorus.　Task 4 which has the most outstanding removal efficiency has 90.5% of $BOD_{5}$ removal efficiency, 97.8% of ${NH_4}^{+}-N$ removal efficiency, 65% of T-N removal efficiency and 92% of T-P removal efficiency with additional chemical phosphorus removal system operated at HRT 9hr, Qi:Qir 1:2, and BOD/T-N ratio 2.7.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1994

This study was performed to evaluate the engineering properties of the lightweight concrete using surlightweight aggregate foaming agent and high performance agent. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. The unit weight of type A, B and C concrete was 0.912t/m$^3$, 1.592t/m$^3$ and 1.070t/m$^3$, respectively. Specially, the unit weight of type A concrete was decreased 42% than that of the type B concrete. 2. The highest engineering property was measured in the lightweight concrete using high performance agent Also, the ratio of tensile and bending strength to compresive streng-th of the lightweight concrete was higher than that of the normal cement concrete. 3. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of the lightweight concrete was in the range of 2.86 x 10 5~9.86 x 10 5 kg/cm$^2$ which was approximately 300% than that of the normal cement concrete. 4. The ultrasonic pulse velocity of the lightweight concrete was in the range 2047~3394 n/sec, which was smaller than that of the normal cement concrete.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 1994

Dielectric and structural properties of $Ba_{1-x}$(Z $n_{1}$3/T $a_{2}$3/) $O_{3}$+1 mol% Mn $O_{2}$ (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) ceramics was investigated at microwave frequencies. With $Ba_{+2}$ shortage, the sinterability and the unloaded Q( $Q_{u}$) were much improved, and the ordering in B site and the lattice distortion was greatly enhanced and the structure approached the completely ordered structure. $Q_{u}$ was strongly correlated with these factors such as ordering ratio, lattice distortion and sinterability, and had the maximum value of 7500 at x=0.01. The dielectric constant was near 30 and the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency was 2 ppm/.deg. C at x=0.01.1.1.1.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.407-410
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• 2005

The drawability of AZ31B magnesium sheet is estimated according to the variable temperatures (200, 250, 300, 350 and $400^{\circ}C$), forming speed (20, 50, 100 mm/min), thickness (0.8, 1.4 t), blank holding force (1.0, 1.4, 1.7kN). The deep drawing process (DDP) of circular cup is used in forming experiments. The results of deep drawing experiences show that the drawability is well at the range from 250 to $300^{\circ}C$, 50mm/min forming speed and 1.4kN blank holding force. The 0.8t magnesium sheets were deformed better than 1.4t. BHF was controlled in order to improve drawability and protect the change of cup thickness. When BHF was controlled, tearing and thickness change were decreased and LDR. was improved from 2.1 to 3.0.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity and soil water regimes on the growth of ginseng seedling. The results were as follows: 1. The maximum light intensity and optimum temperature in 1,le photosynthesis of ginseng seedling were 10,000 lux and 23 $^{\circ}C$. Respiration rate was increased at high temperature. 2. Air and soil temperature under the shading were increased as the increase of light intensity but soil water contents were decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas air and soil temperature were decreased as the increase of precipitation under the shade b5: soil water contents were increased as the increase of precipitation under the shade. 3. The higher the transmittance of the shade, the greater the specific leaf weight (S.L.W.) and stomatal density. In contrast, however, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and stomatal length was decreased. There was no any significant difference light intensity of the a/b ratio of chlorophyll. 4. The highest photosynthesis was occurred in ginseng leaves grown under the shade 5% L.T.R. and net photosynthesis rates increased with increasing soil water contents. 5. Optimum condition for usable seedling yield were 5% L.T.R. and 3.3% precipitation under the shade. Useless seedling increased with increasing precipitation under the shade.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2007년도 학술발표회
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

This study relates to low and medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan produced by submerged liquid culture of Agaricus blazei, a method of producing the isoflavone-B-D-glucan using autolysis enzyme of Agaricus blazei mycelia, and use of the isoflavone-B-D-glucan for anti-cancer and immunoenhancing effect. In acordance with one aspect of the present study, it deals with a method of producing isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan, which comprises the followings; 1) culturing and separating mushroom mycelia, 2) producing low-medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan from high molecular weight one. The cytotoxicity on human cnacer cell line (Caco-2, MCF-7), the expression of Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bax protein, p21 protein, p53 protein in MCF-7 cells assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and other immuno related factors such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1B activities were examined. Structural identification of isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan which showed cytotoxicity against cancer cell and immunoenhancing effects was carried by separation with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, TLC, HPLC, IR, NMR. Clinical test for the cancer patients (n=119) for 6 month was carried out, and immunoenhancing factors (NK. cell number, ratio of T4/T8) were checked. We concluded the identified isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan has immuno enhancing effects and could be useful for cancer chemoprevention.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.407-413
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• 2006

Railways are very important to get stability of railway structure as transportation system carrying a lot of passengers and freight. These days the construction of underground railway crossing such as expansion of new roads, construction of subway and gas pipe is increasing because of economic and social development. But these kinds of construction didn't take into account Cost-benefit analysis of railway which has the most important aspects of railway safety, so the results of construction didn't get a good evaluation. This study adapt Cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economic validity of underground railway crossing. This study adjust about Cost-benefit analysis of railway part, and analyze the new method and technology of underground railway crossing constructed by Korean National Railroad and Railway Network Authority. Also this study divide between high frequency line and low frequency lineusing B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis. After analysis, B/C ratio method is the most suitable method among B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis method. Therefore this study can express economic benefit quantitatively and decrease the cost by adapting Cost-benefit analysis, and can clearly express the construction feasibility and investment effects of construction of underground railway crossing method.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2017

Objective : To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgolide B (GB) against ischemic stroke-induced injury in vivo and in vitro, and further explore the possible mechanisms concerned. Methods : Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated N2a cells were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of GB. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was detected via Western blot and qRT-PCR. Results : GB treatment (4 mg/kg, i. p., bid) significantly reduced neurological deficits, water content, and cerebral infarct volume in tMCAO mice. GB also significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reduced the expression of caspase-3, and protected against OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. Meanwhile, GB caused the up-regulation of BDNF protein in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion : Our data suggest that GB might protect the brain against ischemic insult partly via modulating BDNF expression.

• 식품저장과 가공산업
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.11-13
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• 2007

This study relates to low and medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan produced by submerged liquid culture of Agaricus blazei, a method of producing the isoflavone-B-D-glucan using autolysis enzyme of Agaricus blazei mycelia, and use of the isoflavone-B-D-glucan for anti-cancer and immunoenhancing effect. In acordance with one aspect of the present study, it deals with a method of producing isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan, which comprises the followings; 1) culturing and separating mushroom mycelia, 2) producing low-medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan from high molecular weight one. The cytotoxicity on human cnacer cell line (Caco-2, MCF-7), the expression of Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bax protein, p21 protein, p53 protein in MCF-7 cells assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and other immuno related factor such as TNF-a and IL-1B activities were examined. Structural identification of isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan which shoed cytotoxicity against cancer cell and immunoenhancing effects was carried by separation with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, TLC, HPLC, IR, NMR, Clinical test for the cancer patients (n=119) for 6 month was carried out, and immunoenhancing factors(NK cell number, ratio of T4/T8) were checked. We concluded the identified isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan has immuno enhancing effects and could be useful for cancer chemoprevention.

• 천문학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2018

Galaxy clusters are known to host many active galaxies (AGNs) with radio jets, which could expand to form radio bubbles with relativistic electrons in the intracluster medium (ICM). It has been suggested that fossil relativistic electrons contained in remnant bubbles from extinct radio galaxies can be re-accelerated to radio-emitting energies by merger-driven shocks via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), leading to the birth of radio relics detected in clusters. In this study we assume that such bubble consist primarily of thermal gas entrained from the surrounding medium and dynamically-insignificant amounts of relativistic electrons. We also consider several realistic models for magnetic fields in the cluster outskirts, including the ICM field that scales with the gas density as $B_{ICM}{\infty}n^{0.5}_{ICM}$. Then we perform time-dependent DSA simulations of a spherical shock that runs into a lower-density but higher-temperature bubble with the ratio $n_b/n_{ICM}{\approx}T_{ICM}/T_b{\approx}0.5$. We find that inside the bubble the shock speed increases by about 20 %, but the Mach number decreases by about 15% in the case under consideration. In this re-acceleration model, the observed properties of a radio relic such as radio flux, spectral index, and integrated spectrum would be governed mainly by the presence of seed relativistic electrons and the magnetic field profile as well as shock dynamics. Thus it is crucial to understand how fossil electrons are deposited by AGNs in the ICM and how the downstream magnetic field evolves behind the shock in detailed modeling of radio relics.