• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2687-2698
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• 2020

Most of the machine learning-based intrusion detection tools developed for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are trained on network packet captures, and they rely on monitoring network layer traffic alone for intrusion detection. This approach produces weak intrusion detection systems, as ICS cyber-attacks have a real and significant impact on the process variables. A limited number of researchers consider integrating process measurements. However, in complex systems, process variable changes could result from different combinations of abnormal occurrences. This paper examines recent advances in intrusion detection algorithms, their limitations, challenges and the status of their application in critical infrastructures. We also introduce the discussion on the similarities and conflicts observed in the development of machine learning tools and techniques for fault diagnosis and cybersecurity in the protection of complex systems and the need to establish a clear difference between them. As a case study, we discuss special characteristics in nuclear power control systems and the factors that constraint the direct integration of security algorithms. Moreover, we discuss data reliability issues and present references and direct URL to recent open-source data repositories to aid researchers in developing data-driven ICS intrusion detection systems.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Design of manufacturing process, in general, facilitates the creation of new process that may potentially harm the workers. Design of safety-guaranteed manufacturing process is, therefore, very important since it determines the ultimate outcomes of manufacturing activities involving safety of workers. This study discusses application of discrimination information (cross entropy) to safety assessment of manufacturing processes. The idea is based on the general principles of design and their applications. An example of Cartesian robotic movement is given.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2013

In the chemical process industries, accidents have a high potential and large effects on catastrophic results. Therefore the safety management for accident prevention plays a crucial role to guarantee the process safety. For these reasons, many systematic methods for safety management system have been widely employed in the fields of chemical processes. PSM (Process safety management) is one of most representative methods. The audit system, which is one of PSM system components, evaluates the performance of PMS system. However, most existing safety audit systems are not systematic and these are performed based on knowledges and experiences of various specialist. Moreover, the safety audit is only performed based on each independent technical component. So, the results of safety audit are not a quantitative index but only a series of commentaries. Finally, it is very difficult to obtain the comparison with other plants or industries. In this study, the novel systematic method and index-based accident database of auditing safety management systems for quantitative assessment are proposed. First, the elements of safety audit replace technical methods to categories of accident database. The F-N curve of each category for accident database is employed to derive the index for quantitative assessment. The Accidental Factor Risk Index (AFRI) is suggested for evaluating the effect of each element in accident database and safety audit system. The safety audit can be modified according to the proposed index.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Development of human-system interfaces (HSI) supporting the interaction between human and automation-based systems, particularly safety-critical sociotechnial systems, entails a wide range of design and evaluation problems. To help HSI designers deal with these problems, many methodologies from traditional human-computer interaction, software engineering, and systems engineering have been applied; however, they have been proved inadequate to develop cognitively well engineered HSI. This paper takes a viewpoint that HSI development is itself a cognitive process consisting of various decision making and problem solving activities and then proposes a design requirements-driven process for developing HSI. High-level design problems and their corresponding design requirements for visual information display are explained to clarify the concept of design requirements. Lastly, conceptual design of software system to support the requirements-driven process and designers' knowledge management is described.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2016

고장으로 인한 사고 등으로 막대한 피해를 초래할 수 있어 안전성이 중요시 되는 시스템을 안전중시 시스템이라고 한다. 시스템의 대형화, 복잡도 증가 및 무인화 운영 등으로 인해서 안전 위해 요소가 증가하고 있기 때문에 안전성 확보는 국방 및 다양한 산업분야에서 중요한 문제가 되었다. 이러한 이유로 미 국방부와 IEC 등 국제표준기구 등에서는 안전 관련 표준을 만들어서 안전성 확보의 강조 및 시스템 설계와 안전성 분석의 연계를 제시하고 있다. 또한 많은 연구들에서 안전성 분석 활동이 반영된 시스템 설계 프로세스, 방법론 및 도구가 개발되고 있다. 하지만 현재까지 제시된 시스템 설계와 안전성 분석의 통합 프로세스는 각 계층 수준에 존재하는 시스템 설계 정보를 어떻게 활용하는지 명확하게 제시하지 하지 못했다. 그 결과, 체계적인 방식으로 위험원을 식별하는데 어려움이 따르게 되었다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 각 계층 수준의 시스템 설계 정보를 기반으로 위험원을 식별하여 안전성을 향상 시키고, 여러 산업 분야에 적용 가능한 시스템 설계와 안전성 분석 활동의 통합 모델을 생성했다. 통합 모델이 체계적으로 안전성 분석을 수행할 수 있는 것을 보여주기 위해서 자동차 시스템을 대상으로 적용한 연구결과를 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2005

Design of manufacturing process, in general, facilitates the creation of new process that may potentially harm the workers. Design of safety-guaranteed manufacturing process is, therefore, very important since it determines the ultimate outcomes of manufacturing activities involving safety of workers. This study discusses application of information-theoretic measure (entropy) to safety assessment of manufacturing processes. The idea is based on the general principles of design and their applications. Some examples are given.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2019

The activities of managing and controlling the configuration of a system component over its life cycle are critical tasks in developing a high safety system as well as general system development. These configuration management activities should be defined through the management plan at the beginning of the life cycle, and should be performed continuously and systematically until the end of the project after the system or product development is completed. In this study, the configuration management process applied in the development of high safety railway signaling system was introduced and an efficient application proposals of it was proposed. In particular, configuration management through the establishment of a configuration management system based on computer tools is one of the important activities of maintaining the configuration integrity of the system or product.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2012

The issues raised so far in the development of safety-critical systems have centered on how effectively the safety requirements are met in systems design. The systems are becoming more complex due to the increasing demand on the functionality and performance. As such, the integration of both the systems design and systems safety processes becomes more important and at the same time quite difficult to carry out. In this paper, an approach to solving the problem is presented, which is based on an integrated data model. To do so, the data generated from the inputs and outputs of the systems design and systems safety processes are analyzed first. The results of analysis are used to extract common attributes among the data, thereby making it possible to define classes. The classes then become the cores of the interface data model through which the interaction between the two processes under study can be modeled and interpreted. The approach taken has also been applied in a design case to demonstrate its value. It is expected that the results of the study could play a role of the stepping stone in extending to the architecture development of the integrated process.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2007

For the certification of aircraft and part, it must be show the compliance with applicable requirements through system safety assessment. The safety assessment process should be planned and managed to provide the necessary assurance that all relevant failure conditions have been identified and that all significant combinations of failures which could cause those failure conditions have been considered. Complex systems, especially aircraft, should take into account any additional complexities and interdependencies which arise due to integration. In all cases involving integrated systems, the safety assessment process is of fundamental importance in establishing appropriate safety objectives for the system and determining that the implementation satisfies these objectives. This study review the safety assessment for the certification process of the aircraft engine system and analyze turbo-fan engine by fault analysis method for compliance with airworthiness requirement of aircraft engine system.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.968-973
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• 2007

The systems such as the railway control system, satellite control system and nuclear power plant control system are the safety critical systems because the failure of them could lead to risk significant events. These softwares of digital systems must follow the life cycle process from the beginning of software development to guarantee their safety and reliability. The NRC(Nuclear Regulatory Commission) Reg Guide of nuclear fields, the RTCA/DO-178B standard which is used to acquire the certification for software in industrial aero field in European Union and United State, the DEF STAN 00-55 standard for the safety of electronic weapon in England, the IEC 601-1-4 for medical equipment and the IEC 62279 for railway system recommended the development life cycle. This paper introduces the development process and compares each other. Also it indicates applicable development criteria for the software of systems related to railway fields and describes the detailed procedure of development criteria. We describe the procedure to make the software development criteria in nuclear filed. For the software development related to railways, the process from plan phase to maintenance phase must be satisfied. The safety and reliability is guaranteed through these standards.