• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

Future electronics such as electronic paper and foldable cellphone are required to be flexible and transparent and should have a high performance. In order to fabricate the flexible electronics using flexibility transfer process, techniques for transferring various devices from rigid substrate onto flexible substrate by elastomeric stamp, have been developed. Adhesion between the elastomeric stamp and various devices is crucial for successful transfer process. The adhesion can be controlled by the thickness of the stamp, separation velocity, contact load, and stamp surface treatment. In this study, we fabricated the bump shape stamp consisting of a UV-curable polymer and investigated the effects of curing condition, separation velocity, and contact load on the adhesion characteristics of bumps. The bumps with hemispherical shape were fabricated using a dispensing process, which is one of the ink-jet printing techniques. Curing conditions of the bumps were controlled by the amount of UV irradiation energy. The adhesion characteristics of bumps are evaluated by adhesion test. The results show that the pull-off forces of bumps were increased and decreased as UV irradiation energy increased. For UV irradiation energies of 300 and 500 mJ/cm², the pull-off forces were increased as the separation velocity increased. The pull-off forces also increased with the increase of contact load. In the case of UV irradiation energy above 600 mJ/cm², however, the pull-off forces were not changed. Therefore, we believe that the bump shape stamp can be applied to roll-based transfer process and selective transfer process as an elastomeric stamp.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

Background: Astragalus membranaceus is a well known oriental medicinal herb. The polysaccharides of the aboveground parts (AMA) and the radix (AMR) of A. membranaceus are the most important functional constituents. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMA and AMR on the oxidative damage induced in the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise groups; in the groups receiving the test compounds, AMA and AMR were administered orally for 30 days. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from each rat after running to exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and the concentation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px of skeletal muscle of AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and commercial sports drink (SPD)-treated groups in exhaustive exercise rats. In addition, MDA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of the AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control and SPD-treated groups. In the present study, the effects of AMA and AMR on exercise endurance capacity were also evaluated in mice subjected to a swimming exercise test. AMA and AMR supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice and enhanced exercise endurance capacity. AMA and AMR possess the ability to retard and lower the production of blood lactate, and prevent the decrease of serum blood glucose. Conclusions: These results showed that, AMR and AMA exerted beneficial effect in mice, increasing the activity of the antioxidant systems and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. The compounds improved exercise performance and showed anti-fatigue effects against exhaustive exercise.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to develop an image processing algorithm for finding the sick or the dead layers(SDL) rearing in the multi-tier layer battery, which is a core technology of remote monitoring systems for layers, and to test the performance of algorithm developed in the experimental poultry housing. Based on the literature study and experiment, the standing up of layer was set as a criterion for judging layers whether sick or dead. Then, by the criterion set, an algorithm was developed. The image processing algorithm developed was tested how well it could and SDL at the experimental poultry housing. Test results showed that its monitoring correctness of layers standing up in the cages having all healthy layers was $92\%$, and $96\%$ in the cages having SDL. Therefore, it would be concluded that the image processing algorithm developed in this study was well suited to the purpose of development.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2015

Background: Issues concerning with the classification accuracy of Korean Outpatient Groups (KOPGs) have been raised by providers and researchers. The KOPG is an outpatient classification system used to measure casemix of outpatient visits and to adjust provider risk in charges by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service in managing insurance payments. The objective of this study were to refine KOPGs to improve the classification accuracy and to evaluate the refinement. Methods: We refined the rules used to classify visits with multiple procedures, newly defined chemotherapy drug groups, and modified the medical visit indicators through reviews of other classification systems, data analyses, and consultations with experts. We assessed the improvement by measuring % of variation in case charges reduced by KOPGs and the refined system, Enhanced KOPGs (EKOPGs). We used claims data submitted by providers to the HIRA during the year 2012 in both refinement and evaluation. Results: EKOPGs explicitly allowed additional payments for multiple procedures with exceptions of packaging of routine ancillary services and consolidation of related significant procedures, and discounts ranging from 30% to 70% were defined in additional payments. Thirteen chemotherapy drug KOPGs were added and medical visit indicators were streamlined to include codes for consultation fees for outpatient visits. The % of variance reduction achieved by EKOPGs was 48% for all patients whereas the figure was 40% for KOPGs, and the improvement was larger in data from tertiary and general hospitals than in data from clinics. Conclusion: A significant improvement in the performance of the KOPG was achieved by refining payments for visits with multiple procedures, defining groups for visits with chemotherapy, and revising medical visit indicators.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

In case of an emergency such as a fire on a building and there is a need to evacuate the occupant in that building, it is important to have the guidance information effectively delivered to the evacuating occupants to guide them toward a safe direction using audio sensual media. And, it is also very important to prevent the evacuating occupants getting lost or falling astray, away from the direction toward safety. The purpose of this study, in this respect, is to examine the possible application of the precedent sound effect, with which the evacuating occupants may get a sense of the direction where the announcement comes from. With such an effect, an experiment was conducted to measure the extent to which people can hear the preceding and the following sound in terms of the acoustic pressure level changes and delay time changes, with a view to make the optimal evacuation-guidance announcement or sound. The optimal evacuation guidance sound (announcement) per each of the experimental indoors environments were as follows; 1) Regarding the optimal condition for the evacuation guidance announcement sound in the space of a lecture room, the direction of the advanced sound is positively recognized when the follow-up sound has the delaying time of 10 ms~50 ms in comparison with the advanced sound or when there is no difference between the acoustic pressures of the advanced and follow-up sounds or the acoustic pressure of the advanced sound is higher than that of the follow-up sound. 2) Regarding the optimal evacuation guidance announcement sound in the space of a hall, the advanced sound is positively recognized when the follow-up sound has the delaying time of 20 ms~60 ms in comparison with the advanced sound. 3) Regarding the optimal evacuation guidance announcement sound in the space of a gymnasium, the advanced sound is positively recognized when the follow-up sound has the delaying time of 10 ms~40 ms in comparison with the advanced sound or when the sound pressure of the advanced sound has a higher level than or the same level as that of the follow-up sound.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.592-604
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• 1999

The steady state and dynamic characteristics of large cell area MCFC stacks were analyzed to solve the problems such as temperature difference generated in stacks and pressure difference between anode and cathode. Manipulated variables (current density, duel utilization rate, oxidant utilization rate) and controlled variables (temperature difference, anode and cathode pressure difference) which had an important effect on the MCFC stack performance were determined using operation results of two types of MCFC stacks (5kW (3,000 $\textrm{cm}^2$, 20 ea). 3kW (6,000 $\textrm{cm}^2$, 5ea)). The stability and transfer function representing system dynamics were obtained by steady state gain rate which showed the relative change between MVs and CVs. The transfer function was a 3$\times$3 matrix and a typical first order system without time delay. The optimal operating condition of large cell area MCFC stacks could be determined by analyzing dynamic characteristics. In case of a 5 kW MCFC stack, pressurized operation with recycle flow should be used to control the outlet temperature less than 68$0^{\circ}C$ and to control the MCFC system effectively. MIMO control or decoupler should be used to remove the interaction between MVs and CVs. This result will be used as important data in determining the control structure design and operation mode of large cell area MCFC systems in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2769-2777
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• 2014

This research herein aims to assist maximizing performance of introduced systems by managing the acceptance factor of uTradeHub that is easily overlooked in the system installation process by trading companies aiming to install uTradeHub system in future by conducting the two following things: i) grasping factors affecting system usefulness and user satisfaction derived from uTradeHub acceptance factor, and ii) analyzing the effect relationship of system usefulness on user satisfaction at an inspection level of system usefulness and user satisfaction, since the uTradeHub system introduced for mid- and small-sized trading companies in export and import works in mid-2008. Proof analysis was conducted by using SPSS 19.0 statistic package on data of 112 effective responses collected through questionnaire surveys, whose results are as follows. First, the uTradeHub acceptance factors having a significant effect on system usefulness are relative advantage, easy of use, task adaptedness, support of CEO, maturity of IT infrastructures, and degree of education/training. Second, the uTradeHub acceptance factors having an effect on user satisfaction are relative advantages, task adaptedness, support of CEO, maturity of IT infrastructures, and degree of education/training. Third, system usefulness showed a significant effect on user satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 2017

Recently, local government has established a development strategy which takes into account the quality of each area, in order to solve the problems posed by poor development, hindrance of the urban landscape, the limits imposed by relevant laws, etc. However, the number of floors is an important factor which determines the urban landscape, planning density and quality of the external space. This planning factor has a very different effect according to the terrestrial circumstances, number of households, underparking ratio, green space ratio and floor area ratio. Therefore, in this study, a case analysis and case study are conducted and the correlation between each index is clarified. The conclusions of this study are follows. Firstly, flexibility should be ensured by taking into consideration the density indicators, average number of floors, and residential environmental performance measures in related laws and systems. Secondly, it is necessary to develop a wide-area planning method that extends the planning concept from the beginning of planning to neighboring blocks or cities. Thirdly, deregulation measures should be implemented, such as establishing specialized strategies for each region, and regulatory measures for encouraging different types of development.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.372-381
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• 2001

In this paper SEED, the Korea Standard 128-bit block cipher algorithm is implemented with VHDL and mapped into one FPGA. SEED consists of round key generation block, F function block, G function block, round processing block, control block and I/O block. The designed SEED is realized in an FPGA but we design it technology-independently so that ASIC or core-based implementation is possible. SEED requires many hardware resources which may be impossible to realize in one FPGA. So it is necessary to minimize hardware resources. In this paper only one G function is implemented and is used for both the F function block and the round key block. That is, by using one G function sequentially, we can realize all the SEED components in one FPGA. The used cell rate after synthesis is 80% in Altem FLEXI0KlOO. The resulted design has 28Mhz clock speed and 14.9Mbps performance. The SEED hardware is technology-independent and no other external component is needed. Thus, it can be applied to other SEED implementations and cipher systems which use SEED.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

This paper proposes a reconfigurable scheduler model that can support various real-time scheduling algorithms. The proposed model consists of two hierarchical upper and lower components, task scheduler and scheduling framework, respectively. The scheduling framework provides a job dispatcher and software timers. The task scheduler implements an appropriate scheduling algorithm, which supports a specific real-time application, based on the scheduling framework. If system developers observe internal kernel interfaces to communicate between two hierarchical components, they can implement a new scheduling algorithm independent of complex low kernel mechanism. Once a task scheduler is developed, it can be reused in a new real-time system in future. In Real-Time Linux (5), we implemented the proposed scheduling framework and several representative real-time scheduling algorithms. Throughout these implementations, we confirmed that a new scheduling algorithm could be developed independently without updates of complex low kernel modules. In order to confirm efficiency of the proposed model, we measured the performance of representative task schedulers. The results showed that the scheduling overhead of proposed model, which has two separated components, is similar to that of a classic monolithic kernel scheduler.