• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

Pediatric rheumatologic diseases are rare systemic diseases that can involve various organs, including the kidneys. Each rheumatologic disease can exhibit characteristic renal involvement, which requires proper treatment and diagnosis. In this review, we discuss renal involvement in classic rheumatologic diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Reviews addressing lupus nephritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated renal disease are complex and tend to cover a wide array of topics, and thus were excluded from this review.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-60
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• 2014

As every commentators has noted, bureaucratic corruption, which has complicated causes, is prevalent phenomenon in Korean society. Especially, most people realize that systemic corruption has a strong negative effect on society; however, only few studies reflect on the nature of 'systemic corruption' and it seems that no established theory explains the phenomenon. Thus, this study suggest that we look more carefully into the nature and mechanisms of 'systemic corruption'. Interdisciplinary approach based on the integrated model of structure-behavior to analyse the nature of bureaucratic corruption. The system dynamics method can test the mechanisms of 'systemic corruption'. With this way, the factors generating systemic corruption represent the relationships reinforcing and balancing within system dynamics model. This paper also consider 'isomorphism' and 'dominance' as control mechanisms to systemic corruption. From the CLD(Causal Loop Diagram), three main areas(rent in organization, networking, control mechanisms) are overlapped and it indicates dynamic relationships of systemic corruption in organizations.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

Epinephrine is one of the most widely-used vasoconstrictors in dental treatment including endodontic microsurgery. However, the systemic safety of epinephrine has been in debate for many years because of its potential risk to cause cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this review was to assess the cardiovascular effect of epinephrine use in endodontic microsurgery. Endodontic microsurgery directly applies epinephrine into the bone cavity, and the amount is reported to be much larger than other dental surgeries. Moreover, when considering that systemic potency of intraosseous application is reported to be comparable to intravenous application, the systemic influence of epinephrine could be increased in endodontic microsurgery. Besides, pre-existing cardiovascular complications or drug interactions can enhance its systemic influence, resulting in increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications. Although clinical studies have not reported significant complications for patients without severe systemic complications, many epinephrine-induced emergency cases are warning the cardiovascular risk related with pre-existing systemic disease or drug interactions. Epinephrine is a dose-sensitive drug, and its hypersensitivity reaction can be fatal to patients when it is related to cardiovascular complications. Therefore, clinicians should recognize the risk, and the usage of pre-operative patient evaluation, dose control and patient monitoring are required to ensure patient's safety during endodontic microsurgery.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Nowadays, Rheumatic diseases are increasing more and more. So, it's important knowing the pathophysiology and extra-risk of each rheumatic disease so as to do sound underwriting. Here is brief review and long-term prognosis of some rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sj$\ddot{o}$gren syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Takayasu's arteritis, and Behcet syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Background: The multitude of the therapeutic usefulness of intra-articular injection of hyaluronate on oateoarthritis of the knee is still in question. The objective of this systemic review was to elucidate both the therapeutic efficacy and the safety of intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee joints. Methods: I searched MEDLINE and Korea Medical Database (KMbase) from January 1990 to April 2007 using a combination search terms for knee osteoarthritis and hyaluronic acid and a filter for randomized controlled trials. I extracted data on pain at rest, and during or just after movement, on joint function, and on adverse events. Results: Ten trials that reported usable quantitative information on any of the predefined end points were identified and included in the systemic review. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid can decrease symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee. The study revealed significant improvements in pain and functional outcomes with few adverse effects. However, there was significant between-study heterogeneity in the estimates of the efficacy of hyaluronic acid. Sub-group analysis showed that lower methodological quality such as a single-blind or single-center design resulted in higher estimates hyaluronic acid efficacy, and that patients older than sixty years of age and those with the most advanced radiographic stage of osteoarthritis were less likely to benefit from intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid. Conclusion: According to the currently available evidence, intra-articular hyaluronic acid has been proven clinically effective for the patients bearing the knee osteoarthritis with NSAID-induced GI troubles or inapplicable to any surgery, and may be associated with lower risk of adverse events.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.637-642
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• 2013

Because the implant is regarded as a common treatment. It is clinically important that systemic and local risk factor of threatening peri implant mucosa should be considered during the process. The most risk factors are detected in clinical diagnosis, but it might be difficult and not clear to recognize systemic or combined factors. This article reviews risk factors of peri-implantitis. Local factors are biomechanics, periodontal soft tissue characteristics, infected site and oral hygiene. Systemic factors are alcohol, smoking and genetic traits.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this systemic review was to summarize and compare adverse effect of spinal manipulation at domestic and abroad. Methods : We searched articles in Korean databases and Pubmed. We selected and analysed the articles met inclusion criteria. Results : 51 cases were included. 32 cases in Pubmed show that adverse effect related to cervical rotation and high velocity low amplitude(HVLA) thrust manipulation. It leads to severe adverse effect and sequela about vascular. While, 19 cases in Korean articles shows that domestic spinal manipulation is more safe becase of lower use of high velocity low amplitude(HVLA) thrust. It leads to low incidence of vascular adverse effect and no sequela. Conclusions : We concluded that Chuna is difficult manipulation because of possibility of adverse effect. Chuna is recommended to be taken by licensed medical practitioners who are skilled and complete the regular curriculum. Further studies like meta analysis about spinal manipulation are needed to estimate incidence of adverse effect. And adverse effects are going to be collected continually through randomized controlled trials(RCT) related to spinal manipulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.289-301
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammation characterized by fixed airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sputum, and dyspnea. COPD is a progressive disease characterized by a decline in lung function. During the natural course of the disease, acute deterioration of symptoms leading to hospital visits can occur and influence further disease progression and subsequent exacerbation. Moreover, COPD is not only restricted to pulmonary manifestations but can present with other systemic diseases as comorbidities or systemic manifestations, including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, sarcopenia, and metabolic abnormalities. These pulmonary and extrapulmonary conditions lead to the aggravation of dyspnea, physical inactivity, decreased exercise capacity, functional decline, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. In addition, pneumonia, which is attributed to both COPD itself and an adverse effect of treatment (especially the use of inhaled and/or systemic steroids), can occur and lead to further deterioration in the prognosis of COPD. This review summarizes the long-term outcomes of patients with COPD. In addition, recent studies on the prediction of adverse outcomes are summarized in the last part of the review.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.781-788
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• 2010

An often overlooked issue in the field of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy is its limited capacity for effective systemic delivery. Although primary tumors can be treated effectively with intralesional injection of conventional Ad vectors, systemic metastasis is difficult to cure. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, non-specific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed for the purpose of maximizing Ad anti-tumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Integration of viral and non-viral nanomaterials will substantially advance both fields, creating new concepts in gene therapeutics. This review focuses on current advances in the development of smart Ad hybrid nanocomplexes based on various design-based strategies for optimal Ad systemic administration.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.319-331
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate current criteria for insurance coverage by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) on the systemic therapy used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), by reviewing all available clinical evidences including a variety of clinical practice guidelines. Methods: We searched clinical databases and collected data from published phase 1 through 3 randomized clinical trials on all systemic therapies used in RCC, including novel targeted therapies. Additionally, current clinical practice guidelines on the management of kidney cancer or RCC were reviewed. Based on the collected data we evaluated the appropriateness of the HIRA criteria for insurance coverage on the systemic therapy of RCC whether they are evidence-based and up to date. Results: On the basis of the collected data we concluded that there was a need for a revision in HIRA criteria for systemic therapy of RCC. Despite recent emerging therapeutic advances and changes in therapeutic strategies of management of RCC, some of anticancer regimens were inappropriately listed even though they were not proven to provide efficacy or safety superior to those of other therapies. We thus proposed an updated recommendation based on current clinical evidences. Conclusion: Systemic therapy of RCC is being rapidly changed with the advancement of understanding of the molecular biology of cancer. Consequently newly developed targeted therapies are becoming the standard therapy in the management of medically or surgically unresectable advanced or metastatic RCC. To provide effective and safe therapy to patients with RCC, the criteria for insurance coverage should be made carefully taking into consideration of most up-to-date and high-quality clinical evidences, and should be continuously reviewed so as to reflect evidence-based clinical practice.