• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.586-594
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose interventions on emotional labor and health issues through verifying the mediating effects of depression and anxiety on the relationship between emotional labor and somatic symptoms in medical workers. For this study, a sample of 200 medical workers completed the questionnaires of the Korean Emotional Labor Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Results showed a risk of emotional labor, depression, and somatic symptoms in medical workers. 2. The risk group of the emotional labor's 4 factors (excluding organizational support and protection system) had a significantly higher level of depression compared with the normal group. Particularly in emotional dissonance and impairment, depression in the risk group was moderate, while depression in the normal group was normal. 3. Only emotional dissonance and impairment had a significant influence on somatic symptoms. Reflecting the results, the mediating effects of depression and anxiety on the relationship between emotional dissonance and impairment and somatic symptoms were verified. Results showed that depression had a partial mediating effect, whereas anxiety did not have a mediating effect. Finally, we discuss the necessity of dealing with emotional dissonance and depression in emotional labor and health issues.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a pioneering concept of DPD(Disaster Prevention Design) to realize a securable society in the future. Features of danger in the future society are expected to be diverse, abrupt occurring, large scale, and complicated ways. Due to increment of dangers with their features of uncertainty, interactivity, complexity, and accumulation, human-oriented design concept naturally participates in activities to prevent our society against disasters effectively. We presented DPD is an essential design activity in order to cope with dangers expected in the future societies as well as realize securable environments. DPD is also an integrated design aids including preemptive protections, rapid preparing, recovery, and interactive cooperation. We also expect these activities of DPD is effective for generation of new values in the market, satisfaction of social needs, expansion of design industry, and a novel chance for development in the future society. Throughout this paper, we submit various aspects of DPD concepts including definition, classification, scope, necessity, strategy, influencing elements, process, and its principle. We expect these concepts will be the seed and/or basement of DPD research for the future works. For the direction of study for DPD in the future, we emphasize alarm system for preemptive protection rather than recovery strategy for the damage occurred. We also need to research about progressive prevention techniques and convergence with other areas of design. In order to transfer the concept of product design from facility-oriented mechanism to human-oriented one, we should develop new kinds of city basis facilities, public-sense design concepts referred to social weak-party, e-Learning content design preparing disasters, and virtual simulation design etc. On the other hand, we have to establish laws and regulations to force central and/or provincial governments to have these DPD strategies applying their regional properties. Modern design activities are expanding to UI(user interface) content design area overcoming the conventional design concept of product and/or service. In addition, designers are recognized as art directors or life stylists who will change the human life and create the social value. DPD can be divided into prevention design, preparedness design, response design, and recovery design. Five strategies for successful DPD are Precaution-oriented, Human-oriented, Sense-oriented, Legislation, and Environment Friendly Strategies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-28
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• 2017

Entrepreneurship is an important factor not only for start-ups, but also for scale-up of businesses. In other words, the two aspects of establishment and growth of businesses must be balanced through entrepreneurship. However, it is true that entrepreneurship has been biased toward the former in previous researches and government policies. Here in this research, the causal relationships between the entrepreneurial characteristics of Korean firms and the performance of the company, which is measured by proposal, activity, and business performance are examined as a growth perspective. Based on these relationships, a model describing the operating mechanism of corporate entrepreneurship is derived and policy implications are provided. In conducting research, the hypotheses on the interrelationship of variables are builded using '2016 Entrepreneurship Situation Survey(Corporate)' data from Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation and analyzed by structural equation modeling. In addition, the moderating effect according to the firm size and the mediating effect between entrepreneurship and business performance are analyzed. As a result of this research, the fact that entrepreneurship affects business performance is identified and it is necessary to prioritize corporate vision and strategy for enhancement of entrepreneurship. In particular, necessity of operating system for SMEs is confirmed considering SMEs' entrepreneurship level. The implications of this research are expected to be applied by the government in establishing policy direction to enhance corporate entrepreneurship of SMEs in the future.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.122-132
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the teacher expertise to be evaluated in the secondary science teacher employment test (TET, hereafter) in order to respond to changes in educational environments including the transition to competency-based curriculum, and ways to improve the first exam in major areas in the current TET. For this purpose, Delphi surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 professors of science education who have experience in the TET. According to the research results, teacher expertise such as subject teaching, student understanding, intelligence information utilization, community competencies, and so on were suggested. Ways to improve science content exam in the TET include securing fairness and validity by increasing the number of questions, strengthening the connection with the secondary school curriculum, updating assessment areas for certificate subjects periodically, etc. Ways to improve science education exam in the TET include research and development on the types of science education questions, introducing essay test to science education exam, development of a standardized curriculum on science education, etc. Based on the research results, the necessity of revising the curriculum for teacher training colleges, differentiating curriculum between teachers' colleges and natural science colleges, and reforming the teacher training system by introducing graduate school of education were suggested.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 2010

Objectives : It surveyed the recognition level of oral health in class teachers who have influence of students' oral health knowledges and behaviors in our country, developed a program available for supplementing reinforcement in school oral health education, and planned the knowledge contents necessary for school oral health education hereafter. Methods : To arrange the basic data necessary for school oral health program, it carried out questionnaire survey by personal self-administration targeting 460 teachers for 19 elementary schools where are located in Jinhae city from May 7, 2007 to June 13. The following conclusions were obtained. Results : 1. The path of acquiring oral health knowledge was shown the high frequency with 23.9% and 23.3%, respectively, through publicity brochure and dental clinic. As for the opinion about the aim of maintaining dental hygiene, the prevention of dental caries was the highest with 53.7%. 2. The opinion about which the regular visit to the dentist is very effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 56.7%. The opinions about which the limit to sugar intake and the use of dental floss are effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 52.2% and 46.3%, respectively. 3. The opinion about which the fluoridation beverage intake and the sealant are effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 33.9% and 33.0%, respectively. 4. The opinion about which the regular toothbrushing without toothpaste has a little effect and has no effect on preventing dental caries accounted for 42.6% and 38.5%, respectively. Conclusions : The elementary-school age period, which is the most core field out of the whole oral health, is the important period that is formed the basis of lifelong oral health care. It surveyed the recognition level of oral health in class teachers who are in charge of direct health care while making continuous life with students, and developed program available for supplementing reinforcement in school oral health education. Through this, there will be necessity for cultivating ability available for properly managing oral health for the whole life by allowing elementary-school students, who will be led to future adults' oral health, to be formed the attitudes toward the rationally oral health care.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2003

Integrated approach is presented by developing the technology and the ways of the practical use of the integrated digital map of and Electronical Navigational Chart (ENC) and Digital Terrain Map (DTM) for the effective and scientific based conservation, development and management of coastal area in this study. At first as preliminary studies to make eventual integrated maps, the necessity of the integrated map is described with the concept of coastal areas. Then, the characteristics of digital maps developed by Korean Geography Institute and National Marine Investigation Institute are carefully analyzed and integrated to a digital map as a test for edge matching in coastal line. Developed test coastal map was overlayed with a high-resolution satellite image (KVR-1000). The ground survey using Global Positioning System was conducted for the analysis of edge matching along the coastal line. Results from the edge matching analysis of coastal lines showed about 14 meters mean difference in artificial terrain and 4 meters mean difference in natural terrain. The problems, causes and solutions for the edge-matched differences are described. Furthermore, the value of utilization, the future use and various fields of application produced by the integrated digital map database are suggested as a basis for ICZM implementation in South Korea.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.541-552
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• 2017

All excavated "buried cultural properties" are supervised by the Cultural Heritage Administration that decides whether to conserve them or not, depending on the necessity for conservation. Currently, there is no legal regulation concerning the administration of relics (including artifacts) and remains (including archaeological sites) that are relocated and restored based on such conservation decisions. Thus, administration of these cultural properties is inadequate. Under these circumstances, this paper recommends the current state of conservation and conservation methods for buried cultural properties excavated at Chungcheongnam-do thus far. Conservation of buried cultural properties excavated at Chungcheongnam-do primarily employ the "relocating and restoration" method; 23 relics and 46 remains employed relocation after dismantling and soil layer transcription method. Moreover, 27 remains were relocated after dismantling and 14 remains employed the transcription method. In terms of area, Buyeo-gun and Gongju-si had 12 relics accounting for about 50%, while according to the period, Baekjae period had 16 relics, accounting for about 70%. In terms of conservation facility, open-air facility had 33 relics, accounting for about 72%. Results of investigating the state of relics' management indicated that public institutions like a museum with a recognizable management system had their own work force and consequently ensured excellent conservation, whereas if there were no apparent responsible bodies, remains were subjected to considerable damage due to mismanagement. Therefore, this problem can be resolved by identifying a recognizable management body as well as ensuring periodical management and supervision. The excavated buried cultural properties are utilized not only for academic purposes, but also for PR or as exhibition material. Hence, this study confirms that meticulous management of buried cultural properties is currently required.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.281-290
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• 2003

In the knowledge and information-based age of today, it would be fair to say that the compatibility of each person, enterprise, and nation can be evaluated by how each of them manages and maintains the knowledge created from data and information. Since the importance and necessity of knowledge management has been acknowledged, there have been studies to create, apply, and evaluate the knowledge concerning design. Previous studies done on this subject can be divided into three main categories - CRM, online statistical research, and eCRM - according to the materials used to create knowledge. These studies are meaningful in that they can create knowledge in their respective fields, although they are somewhat inadequate because the designers can't create as much knowledge as can be applied in business; design-related consumers demand composite knowledge integrating the characteristics of all three fields. In other words, they want to know the ordinary customers'preferences in the previous off-line market in the CRM field, the research results of statistical questionnaires to the various elements of design in statistical research fields, and even the pattern of preference and consumption of many and unspecified persons transcending the time and place in eCRU field. This study proposes to solve the problem related with web-based design knowledge maintenance through the synthetic application of CRM, Statistical Research, and eCRM The information proposed in the solution can De expected to help designers working at design-related enterprises, as well as research institutes, to develop the knowledge necessary to design more consumer-oriented products.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2006

Background : The necessity of unify and standardize codes used at hospital has been emphasized since OCS (Order Communicating System) was adopted. Therefore, the purpose of this study were to standardize operation code by continuous training of the ICD-9-CM code that is used as standard code in OCS program at operating room. Method : In 400 operation data, operation code entered in OCS program at operating room was compared to operation name recorded in medical record. In addition, a matching rate between input data of operation code by medical record department and computing input data of operation code in 3,710 cases was compared for each department. User operation name and operation code were matched and major diagnosis by operation department and operation name were also matched. Results : User operation name was reflected in operation classification code in detail, and operation code entered on user was registered. Input rate and matching rate of operation code were gradually improved after improvement activity. In particular, a matching rate was high at ophthalmology where operation name is segmented. Plastic surgery and orthopedics with a lot of emergency operation and comprehensive operation name show low input rates. Conclusions : As the medical field makes progress in computerlization, awareness of information exchange and sharing becomes higher. Among codes to classified medical institution, codes related to surgical operation are all different by user of hospital and department. Computerlization and standardization is essential. And when efforts of standardization continue in alliance with individual hospital and institution, initiative of preparing medical policy data at a national level will be accelerated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.419-427
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to address the difficulties and inconveniences of an electric wheelchair. We focused on improving usability of initially completed products by augmenting the prototypes designed in the previous study. For evaluation of usability, 10 elderly women aged over 65 years, capable of movements and physical activities in daily life, were enrolled as subjects. The experimental method included a subjective satisfaction questionnaire evaluation of the elderly women using the target product, and the observation evaluation was achieved using video recording data, etc. Usability evaluation revealed that the elevating sector requires improvement of intuition through separation of the elevating control panel and the driving control panel. Improvements in the driving sector include corrections of the front wheel mechanism or driving control algorithm, UI, and sudden stop system. Transferring section assessment revealed a necessity to secure structures and add structures that support power. We believe that based on the inconveniences and improvements presented in the usability evaluation, appending the existing prototype with complementary products will improve the quality of life of elderly women with limited mobility.