• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1981

The effect of fatty acid content in oily soil and conditions of washing on the removal of triglyceride have been studied. Cotton lawn was soiled with the four-component soil-tripalmitin, palmitic acid, dodecyl alcohol and dodecane-and washed in constant temperature waterbath shaker. The detergency was estimated by analysis of triglyceride labelled carbon-14 on fabrics before and after washing by means of liquid scintillation counting. It was shown that the detergency of triglyceride washed with the nonionic, nonylphenol poly (10)-ethylene oxide and soap was increased steadily with increasing temperature, whereas with the anionics Na-DBS and SLS, the detergency was rather decreased when the temperature was elevated above $40^{\circ}C$. To investigate the effects of free fatty acid content in soil on the removal of triglyceride, the fabrics were soiled altering palmitic acid content, and then washed. From the results, the detergency of triglyceride was developed with increasing free fatty acid content. With soils containing less than $30\%$ of free fatty acid, of the three detergents tested, the nonionic was by far the most effective soil removal. Soap was intermediate and the synthetic anionic was the poorest. With soil containing $45\%$ of free fatty acid, soap was the most effective soil removal. When NaOH was added to detergent solution. the detergency of triglyceride was improved without regard to detergents. The optimum alkalinity was obtained according to free fatty acid content. And the alkalinity changed to low NaOH concentration with increasing free fatty acid content. From the results mentioned above, it could be concluded that the major removal mechanisms of triglyceride containing oily soil were mesomorphic phase formation, solubilization and soap forma-tion when alkali was added in detergent solution.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.707-714
• /
• 2007

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate nitrogen removal by the soil column. The addition of 20% waste oyster shell to the soil accelerated nitrification in soil column. The $NO_3^--N$ concentration in the effluent decreased with the decrease of HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time). When methanol and glucose added as carbon sources, the average removal rates of T-N(Total Nitrogen) were 82% and 77.9%, respectively. The $NO_3^--N$ removal by methanol supplementation in soil column can likely be attributed to denitrification. In continuous removal of nitrogen using the soil column, the COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) and $NH_4^+-N$ removed simultaneously in organic matter decomposing column. The greater part of $NH_4^+-N$ was nitrified by the percolated through nitrification column, and the little $NH_4^+-N$ was found in the effluent. The T-N of 87.4% removed at HRT of 36 hrs in denitrfication column. Because of nitrified effluents from nitrification column are low in carbonaceous matter, an external source of carbon is required.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1987

담수상태(湛水狀態)의 논토양(土壤)에서 광합성미생물(光合成微生物) 및 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)에 의한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)을 알기 위하여 우리나라 전국(全國) 수도(水稻) 삼요소시비량시험지(三要素施肥量試驗地) 16개소(個所)의 무질소구(無窒素區) 표토(表土)를 채취(採取)하여 초자실(硝子室)에서 항온(恒溫)하면서 토양통(土壤統), 농업기후대(農業氣候帶), 논토양유형(土壤類型), 토성(土性) 및 배수정도(排水程度)에 따른 질소고정량(窒素固定量) 차이조사(差異調査)를 한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수항온기간중(湛水恒溫期間中) 광합성질소고정미생물(光合成窒素固定微生物)에 의한 Acetylene 환원력(還元力)은 항온(恒溫) 7일째, 그리고 타양성질소고정미생물(他養性窒素固定微生物)에 의한 Acetylene 환원력(還元力)은 항온(恒溫) 35일째 가장 높았다. 2. 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)에 의한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 가장 높은 토양통(土壤統)은 장계(長溪), 옥천(沃泉) 및 화동통(華東統)이었으며 질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 낮은 토양(土壤)은 부용(芙蓉) 및 대정통(大靜統)이었다. 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)에 의한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 가장 높은 토양(土壤)은 대정(大靜) 및 지산통(芝山統)이였으며 낮은 토양(土壤)은 장계(長溪), 함창통(咸昌統)이였다. 3. 항온(恒溫) 105 일간(日間) Acetylene 환원법(還元法)에 의한 생물질소고정량(生物窒素固定量)은 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)에 의하여 3.0mg, 그리고 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)에 의하여 4.9mg/100g이었다. 4. 농업기후대별(農業氣候帶別) 생물질소고정량(生物窒素固定量)은 광합성미생물(光合性微生物)의 경우 기온(氣溫)이 온난(溫暖)한 남부해안지역(南部海岸地域)에서 높고 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)은 산간지(山間地)와 충청내륙지역(忠淸內陸地域)에서 높았다. 5. 답토양유형별(沓土壤類型別) 질소고정량(窒素固定量)은 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)의 경우 보통답(普通沓) 토양(土壤)에서 높고 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)의 경우는 조립질(粗粒質)의 사질답(砂質畓) 토양(土壤)에서 높았다. 6. 토양(土壤)의 특성별(特性別) 질소고정력(窒素固定力)을 볼 때 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)은 배수(排水) 약간불량(若干不良)한 식질(埴質) 혹(或)은 식양질토양(埴壤質土壤)에서 높고 타양성미생물(他養性微生物)은 배수양호(排水良好)한 사질토양(砂質土壤)에서 높았다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.217-220
• /
• 2002

Mulberry being a foliage crop is grown extensively for feeding of silkworms and are also used for cattle feeding. These loaves are highly nutritious, which contain various mineral elements and bio-molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and other essential amino acids, etc. In the present study, deproteinized mulberry leaf juice was used for preparation of the medium for cultivation of various types of microbes. Results revealed that deproteinized mulberry leaf juice medium is best for isolation of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes and this medium can be substituted with synthetic media, which are haying the costly ingredients for isolation and identification of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Further, this deproteinized mulberry juice medium can also be used in mass multiplication of useful/beneficial microbes to enhance soil microflora to improve soil fertility and to avoid root diseases. Perspective enterprises can take up the mass multiplication/large-scale production of useful microbes such as Trichoderma, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Bacillus to use in mulberry and in other agricultural crops using deproteinized mulberry leaf juice.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2004

Acid mine drainage(AMD) is one of the most serious environmental concerns associated with the mining industry around the world. The objective of this study is to assess the potential of sewage sludge as a carbon source for sulfate reducing bacteria and waste lime and steel slag as a neutralize agent for acid mine drainage bioremediation for use in permeable reactive materials. The study was performed using synthetic AMD in six column experiments. The effluent solution was systematically analysed throughout the experiments. The results of the study indicated that sewage sludge, waste lime and steel slag were the most effective for the AMD treatment as a permeable reactive materials.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
• /
• pp.379-380
• /
• 2002

기계적 성질이 우수한 PVC와 생분해성이 우수한 고분자로 알려져 있는 폴리카프로락톤 (PCL)과 블렌드하여 새로운 소재의 생분해성 필름을 제조하여 생분해성 효과에 대해 조사하였으며, 그 결과 PCL/PVC 필름의 표면은 8주 후에 다수의 작은 구멍이 형성되었으며, 이러한 결과는 PCL의 함량이 9%로 낮아도 생분해성을 지닌다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2005

In this study, abiotic transformation of 1-naphthol via oxidative-coupling reaction was evaluated using Mn oxide which is ubiquitous in natural soils. The transformation of 1-naphthol catalyzed by synthetic birnessite $({\delta}-MnO_2)$ followed pseudo-lst order reaction, and the rate constants was in the range of $0.053{\sim}0.13\;min^{-1}$ with birnessite loadings of $12.5{\sim}50\;mg/20\;mL$. Since the oxidation of 1-naphthol was occurred on the reactive surface of the oxide particles, the rate constants with various birnessite loadings were correlated with birnessite surface area concentration. The correlation showed a strong linearity, which confirms the supposition of the surface reaction. From the correlation, therefore, the surface area normalized rate constant, $k_{surf}$, was determined to be 0.032 $L/m^2\;min$.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.348-351
• /
• 2005

In this study, solute breakthrough curves through the unsaturated zone were predicted using artificial neural network (ANN) by numerical tests and laboratory experiments. In the numerical tests, applicability of ANN model to prediction of breakthrough curves was evaluated using synthetic data generated by HYDRUS-2D. An appropriate strategy of ANN application and input data form were recommended. The ANN model was validated by laboratory experiments comparing with HYDRUS-2D simulations. The results show that the ANN model can be an effective method for forecasting solute breakthrough curves through the unsaturated zone when hydraulic data are available.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.309-325
• /
• 2014

Geotextile tubes are basically a huge sack filled with sand or dredged soil. Geotextile tubes are made of permeable woven or non-woven synthetic fibers (i.e., polyester or PET and polypropylene or PP). The geotextile tubes' performances in strength, dewatering, retaining solid particles and stacked stability have been studied extensively in the past. However, only little research has been done in the observation of the deformation behavior of geotextile tubes. In this paper, a large-scale apparatus for geotextile tube experiment is introduced. The apparatus is equipped with a slurry mixing station, pumping and delivery station, an observation station and a data station. For this study the large-scale apparatus was utilized in the studies regarding the stresses on the geotextile and the deformation behavior of the geotextile tube. Model tests were conducted using a custom-made woven geotextile tubes. Load cells placed at the inner belly of the geotextile tube to monitor the total soil pressure. Strain gauges were also placed on the outer skin of the tube to measure the geotextile strain. The pressure and strain sensors are attached to a data logger that sends the collected data to a desktop computer. The experiment results showed that the maximum geotextile strain occurs at the sides of the tube and the soil pressure distribution varies at each geotextile tube section.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2017

The permafrost active layer plays an important role in permafrost dynamics. Ecological patterns, processes, and water and ice contents in the active layer are spatially and temporally complex depending on landscape heterogeneity and local-scale variations in hydrological processes. Although there has been emerging interest in the application of optical remote sensing techniques to permafrost environments, optical sensors are significantly limited in accessing information on near surface geo-cryological conditions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate capability of L-band SAR data for monitoring spatio-temporal variability of permafrost ecosystems and underlying soil conditions. This study exploits information from different polarimetric SAR observables in relation to permafrost environmental conditions. Experimental results show that each polarimetric radar observable conveys different information on permafrost environments. In the case of the dual-pol mode, the radar observables consist of two backscattering powers and one correlation coefficient between polarimetric channels. Among them, the dual-pol scattering powers are highly sensitive to freeze/thaw transition and can discriminate grasslands or ponds in thermokarst area from other permafrost ecosystems. However, it is difficult to identify the ground conditions with dual-pol observables. Additional backscattering powers and correlation coefficients obtained from quad-pol mode help understanding seasonal variations ofradar scattering and assessing geo-cryological information on soil layers. In particular, co-pol coherences atHV-basis and circular-basis were found to be very usefultools for mapping and monitoring near surface soil properties.