• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.827-834
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of $36.5^{\circ}C$ and $38.5^{\circ}C$ incubation temperatures on the maturation of bovine oocytes and developmental competence of embryos. Methods: In experiment 1, oocytes were maturated in bicarbonate-buffered TCM-199 for 22 hours in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in the air at either $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $38.5^{\circ}C$ and nuclear maturation status were determined. In experiment 2, in vitro fertilized oocytes were allocated randomly into synthetic oviductal fluid medium with or without a mixture of 1 mM L-glutathione reduced and 1,500 IU superoxide dismutase and cultured in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, and 90% $N_2$ in the air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. Results: There were no significant differences between incubation temperatures in terms of oocyte maturation parameters such as cumulus expansion, first polar body extrusion and nuclear maturation. Incubation temperatures during in vitro maturation had no effects on developmental competence of embryos, but supplementation of antioxidants increased (p<0.05) developmental competence of the embryos. Blastocysts from oocytes matured at $38.5^{\circ}C$ had comparatively higher inner cell mass, but low overall and trophectoderm cell numbers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that maturation of bovine oocytes at $36.5^{\circ}C$ may provide a suitable thermal environment for nuclear maturation and subsequent embryo development.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.388-400
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop chicken meat patties by incorporating pomegranate peel and bagasse powders and their extracts. Patties were developed by incorporating pomegranate peel powder (PPP, 2 g), pomegranate aril bagasse powder (PABP, 4 g), pomegranate peel powder aqueous extract (PPAE, 6 g) and pomegranate aril bagasse powder aqueous extract (PABAE, 9 g) individually per 100 g of minced meat. Both types of powders and extracts treated patties had significantly higher total phenolic content than control and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) treated patties. Both types of powder (PPP and PABP) treated patties had significantly higher water holding capacity, ash, crude fibre content, and hardness values, and significantly lower moisture content and lightness values in comparison to control patties. Emulsion stability and cooking yield of PABP treated patties were significantly higher than control. Addition of extracts and BHT did not influence the physico-chemical properties and proximate composition of chicken patties. Both types of powders and extracts provided better protection to chicken meat patties against oxidative rancidity and microbial proliferation in comparison to control and BHT treated patties during refrigerated storage. It is concluded that pomegranate fruit byproducts in the form of peel powder, aril bagasse powder and their extracts can be successfully utilised in development of healthier chicken meat patties and these byproducts can also be effectively used as a replacement of synthetic antioxidants such as BHT.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2001

A cell-based assay system for monitoring NF-$textsc{k}$B activity was developed to determine the influence of activated NF-$textsc{k}$B in human HaCaT cells. The pNF-$textsc{k}$B-SEAP-NPT plasmid that permits expression of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reported gene in response to the NF-$textsc{k}$B activity and contains neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene for the geneticin resistance in host cells was constructed and transfected into human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Human HaCaT transfectant cells secreted the SEAP enzyme into the culture medium in a time-dependent manner until 72h. NF-$textsc{k}$B activities were measured in the SEAP reporter gene assay using a fluorescent detection method. The treatment of HaCaT cell transfectants with known antioxidants [e.g., N-acetyl-L-cysteine and vitamin C] showed inhibition of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) known as a stimulator of NF-$textsc{k}$B expression demonstrated that it increased NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This assay system could be used to determine the quantitative measurement of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in the human skin and allow the screening of anti-inflammatory agents from various synthetic chemicals and natural products for dermatological purpose. Abbrevitions used: NF-$textsc{k}$B, nuclear factor kappa B; I-$textsc{k}$B, Inhibitory kappa B; SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase; NPT, neomycin phosphotransferease; PCR, polymerase chain reaction: dNTP, deoxynucleoside triphosphates; DMEM, dulbecco’s modified eagle medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PBs, phosphate-buffered saline; MUP, 4-methylumbellifery phosphate; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2004

Aerial parts of Compositae plants were harvested from pastures and crop fields of Sunchon area at vegetative stage to determine their antioxidant activity. Among 13 species, three species Taraxacum officinate, Breea segeta, and Artemisia princeps were selected as potent plant materials. Through measurement by Rancimat and TBARS method, antioxidative effect was the greatest in Taraxacum officinate among plant species. Antioxidative index (AI) investigated by Rancimat showed Siegesbeckia glabrescensi was 1.51 while commonly-used antioxidants, BHT and ascorbic acid were 3.86 and 2.43, respectively. The highest TBARS value was also obtained from Taraxacum officinate(0.18) at 4 weeks after storage, indicating the plant had the strongest antioxidant activity during long time. Even though TBARS value (0.18) in Taraxacum officinate sample showed lower in all plants than two synthetic antioxidants(0.05-0.09), antioxidant activities of the plants were much higher than that of a control (1.01). The results suggest that the plants have antioxidant potential as an alternative natural antioxidant based on natural plant resources.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2000

Wood of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) and bark of poplar(Populus alba x glandulosa), ash(Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and elm(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) trees were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$(7:3. v/v), fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and $H_2O$. then freeze dried to get some dark brown powder for bioactive tests. Decay-resistant activity was tested using wood block specimens from the hardwood trees and expressed by weight loss rate. Black locust specimens indicated the best anti-decaying property and poplar blocks were the worst. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also investigated against each wood or bark extractives. Antifungal and antibacterial activities did not indicate any significant differences among the tested fractions. In antioxidant activity. ${\alpha}$-tocopherol one of natural antioxidants. and BHT, one of synthetic antioxidants, were used as references to compare with the antioxidant activities of the extracted fractions. Ethylacetate fraction of ash bark indicated the highest activity besides BHT in this test and all fractions of black locust extractives also indicated higher activities compared with the other fractions.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.174-186
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• 2007

Amphora coffeaeformis and Achnanthes longipes are commonly found as dominant benthic microalgae in Jeju coastal water throughout the year. In order to investigate pharmaceutical uses of these diatoms, each single species was isolated with micropipette under phase contrast microscope and subcultured with synthetic seawater media which was enriched with F/2 media, trace metal solution and $Na_2SiO_3$). Growth characteristics of these species were also determined with different combination of salinity, nutrients concentration and temperature. Thereafter, mass culture of each species was done based on the maximum growth condition. Biomass was collected after two weeks of mass culture and freeze dried for antioxidant study. The antioxidant properties of different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate) obtained by solvent fractionation of 80% methanolic extract of two microalgae were investigated for free radical, reactive oxygen species scavenging (Super oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl radical and Nitric oxide), metal chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. All fractions of A. longipes showed higher $DPPH^{\cdot}$ (free radical) scavenging activities (n-hexane: 89.0%, Chloroform: 76.0%, Ethylacetate: 66.0%, Methanol: 90.6% and aqueous residue: 63.0%). N-hexane fraction of A. longipes showed significantly higher activity (49.0%) on nitric-oxide. Ethylacetate fraction of A. longipes and aqueous residue of A. coffeaeformis exhibited 64.0% and 75.6% metal chelating activity which was higher than commercial antioxidants (${\alpha}$-tocopherol: 18.0% and BHT: 16.0%). The n-hexane fraction of A. coffeaeformis had 67.5% activity on $DPPH^{\cdot}$. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of A. coffeaeformis exhibited 46.2% and 47.6% $H_2O_2$ scavenging effects which were closely similar to commercial antioxidants (${\alpha}$-tocopherol: 49.2% and BHT: 58.6%). Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions of A. longipes and fraction of n-hexane and chloroform of A. coffeaeformis showed better lipid peroxidation activities than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. These data suggest that both organic and aqueous fractions have good antioxidative compounds with different antioxidant properties.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.662-668
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• 2009

Brazilin was added to frying oil used in the production of potato chips and their antioxidative effects against Caesalpinia sappan L. were evaluated. Additionally, the antioxidative activity was tested under the same conditions that commercial antioxidants are evaluated. The peroxide value of the oil and fat extracted from the potato chips was 134 meg/kg oil, 84.06 meg/kg oil, 117.10 meg/kg oil and 68.56 meg/kg oil in the control group, BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group, $\delta$-tocopherol (100 ppm) group and brazilin(100 ppm) group after storage for 30 days. The antioxidative effect of chips subjected to these treatments were 1.6 times, 1.14 times and 1.97 times greater than that of the control. In addition, the peroxide value was lower in the brazilin(100 ppm) group than in the BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group and this group also had a superior effect at inhibiting the production of peroxide. Furthermore, an experiment conducted at high temperature using the Rancimat resulted in the antioxidant activity of brazilin(100 ppm) and BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) being 1.53 and 1.4 times greater than that of commonly used synthetic antioxidants. Finally, brazilin(100 ppm) effectively decreased the palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$)/linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$) value and increased the conjugated dienoic acid content to a greater degree than commercial antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1787-1794
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• 2008

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and six derivatives of coenzyme $Q_n$ were synthesized and tested for their antioxidative effects occurred in proximal tubular epithelial cell (LLC-PK1 cell) and cytotoxicities using in NIH/3T3 cell. As the result, synthetic coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives showed a potent antioxidative effect compared to coenzyme $Q_{10}$. Among these synthetic compounds, coenzyme $Q_3$-C at ranged 0.04 to 0.4 mmol showed the $107.7{\sim}135.9%$ of cell viability in LLC-PK1 cell. In the test of NIH/3T3, all synthesized coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives showed the similar effect compared with coenzyme $Q_{10}$. A correlation between isoprene unit number of coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives and its biological effects, we suggest reduction of isoprene unit number of $Q_n$ derivatives may be related to the increase of antioxidants effects and the reduction of cytotoxicities.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1988

The effect of antioxidants on the myocardial cellular damage which occurs during reoxygenation of hypoxic myocardium was examined in isolated rat hearts. The roles of oxygen free radical and lipid peroxidation in reoxygenation injury of myocardium were also investigated. In Langenorff preparation of isolated rat heart, which was made hypoxic by perfusion with the substrate free, hypoxic cardioplegic solution ($37^{\circ}C$, 90 min), the release of cytosolic enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase) and a lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde into the coronary effluent were abruptly increased by reoxygenation. The release of enzymes was closely parallel to that of MDA. These increases of enzymes and lipid peroxidation product were suppressed to various degrees in the presence of scavengers of superoxide anion (superoxide dismutase, 10,000 U), hydrogen peroxide (catalase, 25,000 U) and hydroxyl radical (dimethyl sulfoxide, 10%). A natural antioxidant, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$(4.5 uM) and a synthetic one, butylated hydroxytoluene (2 uM) suppressed the release of cytosolic enzymes with the concomittent reduction of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde release into the coronary effluent. These effects of antioxidants were dose dependent, and were more pronounced when the antioxidants were administered throughout hypoxic and reoxygenation periods than given during reoxygenation period only. These results suggest that cytotoxic oxygen free radicals produced in the myocardium during reoxygenation may be responsible fur the myocardial cellular injury by enhancing the lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Furthermore, the antioxidants may exert protective effect against reoxygenation damage of hypoxic myocardium through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation reaction.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Pine needle extract on lipid oxidation and free radical reaction in iron sources reacted with active oxygen species. The results were summarized as follow; The pine needle extracts didn`t show a distinct effect on reduction of lipid oxidation if the iron ion didn`t exist in oil emulsion. The pine needle extracts played role as a strong chelating agents to bind iron ion if Ferrous iron(Fe\ulcorner) exist in oil emulsion. Ferric iron(Fe) was lower effect than Ferrous iron(Fe) on free radical reaction in oil emulsion. And also, the Fe\ulcorner reacted with pine needle extract did not show distinct effect on free radical reaction, compared to Fe\ulcorner reacted with pine needle extract. And also, Pine needle extracts reacted with H\ulcornerO\ulcorner were tended to show a low oxygen scavenging ability in case of H\ulcornerO\ulcorner only was existed, compared to those of H\ulcornerO\ulcorner + Fe\ulcorner complex. Pine needle extracts were the most powerful Fe\ulcorner binding agents, compared to other strong synthetic antioxidants such as EDTA and DTPA.