• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-131
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of receptive and expressive language development of cleft palate infants aged under 3. Twenty-six cleft palate infants and 52 normal infants were grouped into 3 chronological age groups with 1 year intervals: less than 1, 1, and 2 years old. The cleft palate infants were divided into 2 groups: cleft palate only, and cleft lip & palate. Each mother of the infants was asked to complete the questionnaire, Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI). Receptive and Expressive language scores of SELSI were computed. The scores of receptive and expressive language were respectively analyzed into 4 categories of language: phonology/prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the differences of language development between the cleft palate and the normal infants, were as follows: (1) expressive language scores were significantly different at age 2 between the cleft palate and the normal infants; (2) cleft plate groups aged less than 1 and 1 showed lower scores of phonology/prosody of expressive language than the normal groups; (3) cleft palate group aged 2 showed lower scores than the normal group in semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the characteristics of language development between the cleft palate only and the cleft lip & palate infants, were as follows: (1) the scores of expressive and receptive language were not statistically different between the 2 groups; (2) both groups did not show any difference in .the scores of phonology/ prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of receptive and expressive language.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.411-420
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• 2002

The left-associative grammar model (LAG) has been applied successfully to the morphologic and syntactic analysis of various european and asian languages. The algebraic definition of the LAG is very well suited for the application to natural language processing as it inherently obeys de Saussure's second law (de Saussure, 1913, p. 103) on the linear nature of language, which phrase-structure grammar (PSG) and categorial grammar (CG) do not. This paper describes the so-called Loom-LAGs (LLAG) -a specialization of LAGs for the analysis of natural language. Whereas the only means of language-independent abstraction in ordinary LAG is the principle of possible continuations, LLAGs introduce a set of more detailed language-independent generalizations that form the so-called loom of a Loom-LAG. Every LLAG uses the very smut loom and adds the language-specific information in the form of a declarative description of the language -much like an ancient mechanised Jacquard-loom would take a program-card providing the specific pattern for the cloth to be woven. The linguistic information is formulated declaratively in so-called syntax plans that describe the sequential structure of clauses and phrases. This approach introduces the explicit notion of phrases and sentence structure to LAG without violating de Saussure's second law iud without leaving the ground of the original algebraic definition of LAG, LLAGS can in fact be shown to be just a notational variant of LAG -but one that is much better suited for the manual development of syntax grammars for the robust analysis of free texts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

This study examines the process of urban formation in the city of Yanji. The analysis is done by the change of street pattern and major facility location in a timely manner by appling space syntax method. This research categorizes the pattern of the urban growth focused on two urban forms, street and major buildings, in the city and is offered of the meaning of the first value on interpretation of the urban growth in the city of Yanji. The result of the research are as follows. First, the period of the city transformation is divided into four stage; intuitive period, grid-iron formative period, consolidation period, and urban expansion period. Second, characteristics of each stage have been analyzed. At the first stage, the city started to frame along both buildings and streets which were placed without a plan. At the second stage, the city was planned and constructed into new grid-iron pattern ignoring existing context by Jananese colony. At the consolidation period, the road system expands from the city center toward suburban. At the last expansion period, the shape of the city has complicated its shape with complex road system. This study contributes to provide a basic analysis and data to investigate how the Yanji city has evolved over period of time. But further continuous research should be done for future urban development of the Yanji city.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1705-1712
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• 2009

Recently, most Korean syntactic analysis systems use Dependency Grammar, because it is quite good to analysis of Korean language structures. But Dependency Grammar makes many ambiguities during syntax analysis of Korean. We implement a system which decreases many ambiguities in syntax analysis. To decrease ambiguities we suggest several methods. First, we use about 200 dependency rules, second, we suggest a new segmentation method and third, one predicate can not have more than one subject or object. Using these methods, we can reduce many ambiguities in Korean syntactic analysis.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examines construction core plans for the users of vertical-typed general hospitals to effectivly use the flow line. Methods: The study sampled representative 9 hospitals, calculated the depth value through Convex Map of Space Syntax and Justified Graph according to the determination of form of construction cire, and analyzed its functional connectivity. Results: The analysis of the connectivity between operation core part and emergency part of core space with high importance in the hospitals showed that the types of hospital and hospital have the lowest depth value in the spatial phase diagram, where central treatment part and outpatient part are arranged well vertically. Elevators for patients at these hospitals are close to operation and emergency parts actually separated from the elevators for passengers. For shortening of flow line of patients and private movement environment, however, it is desirable to arrange the elevators for patients to be adjacent to the operation parts and to arrange the emergent patient entrances more effectively to separate them from the flow line of visitors and guardians. Implications: Consideration should be taken into account for the effective flow line design. This study hopefully may serve as a stepping stone for the standard design of horizontal/vertical flow line.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.236-244
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• 2005

This study investigates the effects of the spatial elements of the mulit-purpose commercial complex on visitors' circulation pattern and wayfinding by employing method of space syntax, observation, and interview survey. Two commercial complexes were investigated; Techno-mart represented a vertical type and COEX mall rendered a horizontal one. Analysis of the spatial elements using space-syntax method provided a base line for comparing analyses by the two other methods. Analysis of the interview additionally survey identified the factors affecting wayfinding behavior and contributing satisfaction. The findings suggest that level of the effects of the spatial configuration on visitors' circulation pattern is greater in Techno-mart(vertically oriented) than COEX(horizontally). In COEX, for instance, specific route that connects sub-way station and cinema complex carries far more traffic than main route, even though the main route indicates higher degree of integration of spatial configuration. Similar with observation, the degree of integration is corresponding with the satisfaction and easiness of wayfinding behavior In COEX, specific place and feature seem to have more effects on visitors' wayfinding behavior and circulation pattern than the level of integration of spatial configuration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

ARM processors are being utilized in a variety of embedded systems. It is also that most ARM processor accepts C application, and then generates ARM assembly code using GNU gcc Cross-compiler. For the purpose of improving the quality of code generated and the efficient code generation, the various researches are underway. In this paper, we generates the ARM assembly code from the ANSI C programs using Syntax-directed Translation Techniques, and then the performance evaluation results for our research experimental compare to GNU gcc Cross-compiler are described. The techniques are presented in this research compared to GNU gcc cross-compiler very simple and convenient in extension of the production rules.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.3 s.99
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• pp.447-454
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• 2005

Generally, Diagram Systems related XML document are designed for certain purpose. It is also difficult to create DML document, because there is no definition of diagram component. In this paper, we design and implement the diagram system to execute the XML document. This diagram system defines the diagram component with WYSIWIG concept ,md it is designed to generate DML document automatically. Therefore, it is possible to develop diagram efficiently and maintain consistency by definition of syntax about diagram with DTD. And this system uses the concept of VPL(Visual Programming Language) to check syntax and semantic about diagram sentence. Though this system, DML documents can be generated easily, and it can also check syntax and perform semantic.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

As it gets nearer to the modern society, social and cultural situations are changing and the spatial form of public space is changing into the complex structure where it is interlinked with each other diversely. In particular, as the development of large-scale complex spreads nationwide, the form of complex commercial space assuming the nature of malls appears prominently. In such a large-scale complex commercial space, the diverse visual elements make the environment difficult to be perceived. Like this, the attention in the commercial space where a variety of visual stimuli are in the presence, is important element, so the plan of VP(visual presentation) is needed for effectively selecting or inducing the space. Thus, in this study, human visual and perception process will be reviewed and a method to evaluate the attention will be proposed. Also, the attention of each stores in the complex commercial spaces will be evaluated to propose the indicators for resonable spatial panning in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analysis the change of rural house type and house plans in Bonghwa province. According to definition of rural area, the scopes of the research of rural houses limited the Bonghwa rural area(1 eup, 9 myeon). The method of study is to compare and analyze about housing situation, structure of house, housing type and construction of house space etc. through the statistical data of Bongwha statistical yearbook, space syntax(convex analysis) and other various data etc. during these 10 years. As a results of the analysis 1) According to Change of family member the supply ratio of detached house is steadily decreasing and changing from a detached house to multi-household house in Bongwha areas. 2) Most of houses structure were using lightweight steel construction because of cost-cutting of construction and easy way to construct etc.. 3) The highest Integration space is living space in rural house plans 4) The highest segregation space is bathroom space of master bed room in rural house plans. Some of bed rooms are classed as segregation space regardless of Integration space 5) Traditional front yard's function is changing from the place with the various functions to the place with the specific functions.