• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.14-20
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most typical rheumatic diseases, and is characterized by chronic inflammation, cartilage destruction and joint deformity ［1,2］. During this process, profound hypertrophic changes of the synovium with infiltration of immune cells, increased vascularity, and hyperplasia result in the formation of a synovial pannus that invades cartilage and bone ［3］. In early stages of RA, the synovial membrane begins to invade the cartilage. In established RA, the synovial membrane becomes transformed into inflammatory tissue, the pannus (Fig. 1). The cell types that occupy cartilage-pannus junctions include synovial macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNs), and displaced, probably differentiated condrocytes ［4-6］. Recent studies of rheumatoid synovial tissue have demonstrated localized accumulations of mast cells and evidence of their activation/degranulation［7］.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare disease. The knee is the most commonly affected joint but the shoulder joint is very rarely affected. We report typical synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder joint which was managed by arthroscopic removal of multiple loose bodies, synovectomy, good objective and functional outcome was obtained until postoperative 7-year follow-up. Arthroscopy can be used as an effective and useful therapeutic method for synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder joint.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.306-309
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• 2010

We recently experienced a case of synovial sarcoma in the posterior neck, which involved adjacent bony structures. Synovial sarcoma is rare, malignant soft tissue tumor that occur predominantly in the lower extremities. Wide surgical excision with involved tissue is the treatment of first choice, because most synovial sarcomas reveal aggressive features. We removed the tumor with involved bony structures and patient was given postoperative radiation therapy. Despite these treatment options, the patient died 1 year after surgery. We report this case with a review of the literature.

• 대한스포츠의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by cartilaginous proliferation within the synovial membrane of the articular joint. Smaller joints are rarely affected and it may be progressed to osteochondromatosis after ossification or calcification of metaplastic cartilage. It is commonly presented in the third to fourth decade of life, but rarely presented in adolescence. We report a unique case of synovial osteochondromatosis of the subtalar joint in 14-year-old baseball player. Arthroscopic removal of loose body and complete excision of the osteochondral mass with concomitant synovectomy resulted in satisfactory outcome without recurrence at final follow-up.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

악관절부위의 활액성 연골종증은 매우 드물기 때문에 확진하기 까지 종종 몇 개월 몇 년이 걸리도 한다. 활액성 연골종증은 드문 양성 병소로 활액 내 수 많은 연골성, 골연골성 결정과 관절강내의 소성체가 형성되는 질환으로 관절강 내에 소성체를 형성하는 활액막의 연골성 변성으로 정의할 수 있다. 본 증례에서 29세 여자 환자로 저작시 동통을 주소로 내원하였다. 방사선 소견상 상관절강내에 석회화된 소성체가 발견이 되었다 치료는 석회된 소성체와 활액막 일부를 제거하였다. 술 후에 환자의 저작시의 동통이 완전히 사라졌다. 현재 아무런 재발 증상을 보이지 않고 있다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

지방종은 연부 조직에서 발생하는 양성 종양의 절반을 차지하는 가장 흔한 종양이나 관절 내 발생은 매우 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 관절내 수지상 지방종(lipomal arborescens)의 경우 간혹 보고되고 있다. 그러나 진정한 의미의 관절 내 윤활막 지방종(intra-articular synovial lipoma)과는 명확히 다른 병리 소견 및 임상 양상을 보이므로 관절 내 윤활막 지방종과 수지상 지방종과 같은 지방 침착증성 질환들과는 구별되어야 한다. 본 연구에서 저자들은 슬관절에 발생한 관절 내 윤활막 지방종 환자 1예를 치료하였기에 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.1227-1233
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• 2020

윤활막육종은 주로 사지, 특히 무릎 근처에 발생하는 악성 연부조직 종양으로, 가슴벽에 발생한 경우는 매우 드물다. 저자들은 26세 여성에서 앞가슴벽에 발생한 윤활막육종의 증례를 CT 및 MRI 소견을 중심으로 보고하고자 한다. CT에서 흉막하에 위치한, 경계가 좋으며 석회화를 동반한 작은 종괴로 관찰되어, 처음에는 양성 종양으로 생각하였다. 하지만 갑자기 심한 통증과 함께 종괴의 출혈과 혈흉이 동반되어 악성의 가능성을 고려하였다. MRI에서는 다엽성 종괴 내부에 액체액체층이 보였고, 이는 윤활막육종의 특징적인 영상 소견이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

Weibull distribution with two parameters, shape (k) and scale (s) parameters are used to model the fatigue failure analysis due to periodic vortex shedding of the synovial fluid in knee joints. In order to determine the later parameter, a suitable statistical model is required for velocity distribution of synovial fluid flow. Hence, wide applicability of Weibull distribution in life testing and reliability analysis can be applied to describe the probability distribution of synovial fluid flow velocity. In this work, comparisons of three most widely used methods for estimating Weibull parameters are carried out; i.e. the least square estimation method (LSEM), maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the method of moment (MOM), to study fatigue failure of bone joint due to periodic vortex shedding of synovial fluid. The performances of these methods are compared through the analysis of computer generated synovial fluidflow velocity distribution in the physiological range. Significant values for the (k) and (s) parameters are obtained by comparing these methods. The criterions such as root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination ($R^2$), maximum error between the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) or Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and the chi square tests are used for the comparison of the suitability of these methods. The results show that maximum likelihood method performs well for most of the cases studied and hence recommended.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.86-101
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• 1994

The development of synovial membrane from knee joint was studied by electron microscope in human fetuses ranging from 20mm to 260mm crown rump length (40days to 30weeks of gestational age). At 40mm fetus, developing synovial tissue was observed in homogenous interzone as a vascular mesenchyme around the periphery. The primitive joint space was appeared after the intermediate layer of the interzone in direct contact with chondrogenic layer at 60mm fetus. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincided with clarification of the joint cauity. When dilatation of the synovial cavity occurred, the two types of synovial cells were well endowed with rough endoplasmic reticulum. At 100mm fetus, type A cells with a markedly attenuated cytoplasm were found as well as those cells which contained pinocytotic vesicles and vacuoles. By 150-200mm fetuses a majority of the intimal cells were type B. These cells were characterized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and well developed Golgi complex. In contrast, A-type cell had numerous filopodia, pinocytotic vesicles lysosomes, and large vacuoles containing amorphous material. At 260mm fetus, the intimal cells were well developed and plentiful. The most marked difference between the synovial membrane of full-term fetus and adult was the large amount of collagen in the latter. During fetal period, the B-cells were most numerous cell type in the intimal cells. The B-cells were clearly distinguishable from the A-cells by their content of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and well developed Golgi complex.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Objective : This study is aimed to investigate the effects of bee venom and purified bee venom on cell death in synovial cell line. Methods : It was evaluated by using MTT assay, morphological method, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR. Results : The result obtained is as follows. 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that synovial cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control. And the inhibitory effect of BV and PBV was almost same. 2. The morphologic study demonstrated that synovial cell showed apoptotic body resulted from apoptosis after treatment with BV and PBV for 6 hours using microscope. 3. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of synovial cell treated with BV and PBV was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of G0/G1. 4. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that COX-II and iNOS were slightly expressed by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. 5. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that COX-II were almost down-regulated by high dose treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. iNOS were well down-regulated by treatment with $5{\mu}g/ml$ BV and PBV whereas it was well expressed in control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that bee venom and purified bee venom have significant effect on cell death in synovial cell line and further study is needed in vivo.