• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 1976

Implantation of a permanent pacemaker is a widely accepted procedure for the patient with complete heart block.As a result of these device, the prognosis for patients with Adams-Stokes syndrome caused by complete A-V block and other cardiac arrhythmia have become much more optimistic. Permanent pacemaker implantation by means of a transvenous approach has made the operative risk much less and the procedure simpler. However, a number of complications have been reported in the literature regarding transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation during the last a decade. The patient presented in this paper is a 26-year old girl who was implanted with a permanent pacemaker at 14 years of age because of a congenital A-V block. Following first exchange of pulse generator, the electrode (lead) was fractured, so that by the pulse generator, a change to the transvenous technique of implantation was made, After this, there were episodes of recurrent wound infection on three occasions, even though the site of pulse generator implantation was exchanged to the contralateral side of chest wall, massive doses of antibiotics were administered and sensitivity tests for coagulase positive staphylococcal infection were performed. Though there was no definite evidence of blood stream infection by blood culture, we decided not to use the transvenous technique and not to implant the pulse generator in the chest wall because the venous system and the entire anterior chest wall appeared to be diseased or contaminated by virulent pyogenic organisms. Finally this intractable systemic and local wound infection was successfully controlled by myocardial lead implantation via a subxiphoid approach and implantation of the pulse generator far down in the abdominal wall. The causes and routes of recurrent wound infection and possible blood born infection in this particular patient are still obscure. We strongly believe that myocardial pacemaker implantation is much safer than transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation & myocardial pacemaker implantation is a definite method for controlling such an intractable wound infection. following transvenous pacemaker implantation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1980

The heart block and bradyarrhythmia with or without Stokes-Adams attacks are serious, usually terminal events and the immediate mortality is very high. Stimulation with an artificial pacemaker is now an accepted form of treatment in cases of Stokes-Adams syndrome in which medication in unable to produce any lasting improvement. Permanent pacemaker therapy is indicated in these circumstances. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful use of pacemaker in 3 cases of Stokes-Adams syndromes and a case of sinoatrial block with bradyarrhythmia at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine. Electrode catheter was passed through the right external jugular vein and attached to the endocardial surface of the right ventricle. In case 1, fixed type generator was used at first and for the case 2, 3, 4, and case 1 at second, demand type generators were used. The bipolar electrode catheters were used for the three cases and unipolar electrode catheter for case 4. The results of immediate and late period were satisfactory.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 Modified Euclid 알고리즘을 이용하여 고속의 Reed-Solomon 복호기를 설계하였다. Reed-Solomon 부호의 복호 알고리즘은 오증을 계산하고, 에러 위치 다항식을 구한 후, 에러를 판단하여, 에러 크기 값을 구하는 4단계로 이루어지는데, 본 논문에서는 복호기의 속도를 증가시키고 Latency를 줄이기 위하여 병렬구조의 신드롬 생성기와 빠른 클록 속도의 Modified Euclid 알고리즘 블록을 사용하였으며, Chien Search 블록에서는 에러 위치 다항식을 짝수항과 홀수항으로 나누어 설계하였다. 먼저, 알고리즘과 회로의 동작을 확인하기 위해 C++로 프로그램을 작성하여 검증을 한 후, 이를 바탕으로 Verilog로 하드웨어를 기술하였다. 또한, 각 블록에 대한 로직 시뮬레이션을 거친 후, $.25{\mu}m$ CMOS 라이브러리를 이용하여 Synopsys사의 합성 툴로 합성을 하고, 최종적으로 후반부 설계인 레이아웃을 시행하였다. 본 논문의 칩은 최대 동작 주파수가 250MHz로서 최대 데이터 전송률은 1Gbps이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2020

Chronic severe pain results in a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life. Such patients have to take a large number of medications, including opioids, often without satisfactory effect, sometimes leading to medication abuse and the pain worsening. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is one of the most effective technologies that, unlike other interventional pain treatment methods, achieves long-term results in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain. The first described mode of SCS was a conventional tonic stimulation, but now the novel modalities (high-frequency and burst), techniques (dorsal root ganglia stimulations), and technical development (wireless and implantable pulse generator-free systems) of SCS are becoming more popular. The improvement of SCS systems, their miniaturization, and the appearance of new mechanisms for anchoring electrodes results in a significant reduction in the rate of complications and revision surgeries, and the appearance of new waves of stimulation allows not only to avoid the phenomenon of addiction, but also to improve the long-term results of chronic SCS. The purpose of this review is to describe the current condition of SCS and up-to-date technical advances.