• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.360-365
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• 2012

The simultaneous surgical correction of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity has become a more common surgical technique that has greatly changed conventional strategies for secondary nasal correction. Mulliken has been known as one of the earliest proponents for the synchronous repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity, and he emphasized the responsibility of the treating surgeon to evaluate nasolabial growth by comparing anthropometric measurements with age-matched normal patients. Good outcomes from this surgical method have been reported in clinical cases worldwide. Herein, we describe the management of two cases of bilateral cleft repair, following the principles and methods established by Mulliken. We also provide a relevant review of the literature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2009

The principles for repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity are 1) symmetry, 2) primary muscular continuity, 3) proper philtral size and shape, 4) formation of the median tubercle and vermilion-cutaneous ridge from lateral labial elements, and 5) primary positioning of the alar cartilages to construct the nasal tip and columella. The authors underscore the essential role of preoperative premaxillary positioning for the synchronous closure of the cleft lip and primary palate, and describe Mulliken's operative technique. We discuss three-dimensional adjustments based on predicted fourth-dimensional changes. In a consecutive series of 50 patients, no revisions were necessary for philtral size or columellar length. Preoperative premaxillary positioning and primary repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity may impair maxillary growth. Nevertheless, a symmetric nasolabial appearance, rather than emphasis on maxillary growth, is the priority for the child with bilateral cleft lip.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.1715-1720
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• 2007

The CSC-based HVDC system links the Jeju system to the mainland system. Because CSC-based HVDC is installed in Jeju, the reactive power is needed to transfer active power through the HVDC. In order to supply reactive power, switched capacitors and synchronous condensers are installed in Jeju system. The deterioration of established synchronous condensers, however, causes a reactive power supply capability decline and high maintenance cost. It brings about the instability of Jeju system and the incremental of maintenance and repair costs. In the future the installation of wind generators and additional HVDC system would aggravate the stability of Jeju system. Therefore, it needs to consider a countermeasure against above problems. In this paper, Analysis of several contingencies of Jeju system was peformed, and some contingencies caused voltage-reactive power problem was known. CPF method was introduced in order to make countermeasures to replace the synchronous condensers and to solve the voltage-reactive power problem. The location and capacity of reactive power sources were also decided. It could guarantee medium and long term stability of Jeju system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.366-373
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in patients with chronic complex sternum dehiscence, the use of muscle flap repair minimizes the occurrence of paradoxical motion of the chest wall (CWPM) when compared to sternal rewiring, eventually leading to better respiratory function and clinical outcomes during follow-up. Methods: In a propensity score matching analysis, out of 94 patients who underwent sternal reconstruction, 20 patients were selected: 10 patients underwent sternal reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis muscle flaps (group 1) and 10 underwent sternal rewiring (group 2). Eligibility criteria included the presence of hemisternum diastases associated with multiple (${\geq}$3) bone fractures and radiologic evidence of synchronous chest wall motion (CWSM). We compared radiologically assessed (volumetric computed tomography) ventilatory mechanic indices such as single lung and global vital capacity (VC), diaphragm excursion, synchronous and paradoxical chest wall motion. Results: Follow-up was 100% complete (mean $85{\pm}24months$). CWPM was inversely correlated with single lung VC (Spearman R=-0.72, p=0.0003), global VC (R=-0.51, p=0.02) and diaphragm excursion (R=-0.80, p=0.0003), whereas it proved directly correlated with dyspnea grade (Spearman R=0.51, p=0.02) and pain (R=0.59, p=0.005). Mean CWPM and single lung VC were both better in group 1, whereas there was no difference in CWSM, diaphragm excursion and global VC. Conclusion: Our study suggests that in patients with complex chronic sternal dehiscence, pectoralis muscle flap reconstruction guarantees lower CWPM and greater single-lung VC when compared with sternal rewiring and it is associated with better clinical outcomes with less pain and dyspnea.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2002

In this paper, we simulate the power system transient stability of Kwang Yang steel works using object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP is a more flexible method than procedural programming. There are several advantages in dynamic system simulation using OOP, The maintenance and repair of program are easy because it is sufficient to modify necessary parts which correspond to the change of system without overall change of program. We have implemented a graphical man-machine interface (MMI) that can be used draw one-line system diagram and analyze power flow and dynamic stability. The implemented MMI also provide a graphical viewer that display dynamic stability analysis results by mouse event handling. The proposed method have been applied to Kwang Yang steel works network for on-line dynamic stability analysis. The dynamic behaviour of 17 synchronous generators and 25 synchronous motors has been studied in the Kwang Yang network.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.59-74
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• 1987

In this dissertation, a complete model of commutatorless static Kramer type slip power recovery system of 3.phi. induction motor has been designed and tested in the laboratory, and the experimental results are compared with the numerical values. The main results of this study are summerized as follows. (1) Maintenance and repair of the mechanical commutator is obviated by adopting a thyristor commutator in place of the mechanical commutator in the conventional Kramer system. (2) The experimental results of developed torque, and stator current are generally coincided with the numerical values obtained by the derived equation, proving their validity. (3) This system is simulated and the following operational characteristics are obtained with suitable design values : (a) The speed control range of 7:1 is obtained when the turn ratio of induction motor is lowered to about 3:1 to 4:1 and the generating constant of auxiliary synchronous motor is increased to 120-175 range. (b) Its efficiency can be increased to 75-85%, the range for static Scherbius system and its power factor takes values in the range of 65-85%, which is twice of the range for static Scherbius system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

Scan design is a structured design-for-testability technique in which flip-flops are re-designed so that the flip-flops are chained in shift registers. The scan design cannot be used in a design with scan design rule violations without modifying the design. The most important scan design rule is concerning clock and reset signals to pins of the flip-flops or scan cells. Clock and Reset pins of every scan cell must be controllable from top-level ports. We propose a new technique to re-design gated clocks and resets which violate the scan design rule concerning the clock and reset pins. This technique substitutes synchronous sequential circuits for gated clock and reset designs, which removes the clock and reset rule violations and improves fault coverage of the design. The fault coverage is improved from $90.48\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $92.31\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $95.45\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $97.50\%$ to $100.00\%$ in a design with gated clocks and resets.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2022

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. It may present with typical symptoms of intestinal obstruction with or without biliary sepsis. Its management strategies vary depending on the patient and operative factors. Enterotomy and stone removal alone versus synchronous cholecystectomy and fistula disconnection at the same stage, often pose a debate among surgeons. The decision for operative strategies largely depends on the surgeon's experience, patient's physiology, and operative difficulties. As literature on gall stone ileus remains insufficient at a regional level, we report four cases of gallstone ileus managed with different approaches. Three patients were managed in a staged-manner, whereas one patient received a definitive procedure performed at index surgery. Clinical challenges and associated operative strategies are discussed. Findings of the current study were compared to those of the literature. The need for a definitive fistula disconnection and repair or cholecystectomy following stone removal in these patients was subsequently discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3767-3771
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• 2015

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited predisposition to colorectal, endometrial (uterine) and other cancers. Although most cancers are not inherited, about 5 percent (%) of people who have colorectal or endometrial cancer have the Lynch syndrome. It involves the alteration of mismatch repair (MMR) genes; MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. In this study, we analyzed the expression of MMR proteins in colorectal cancer in a Malay cohort by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 patients were selected fulfilling one of the Bethesda criteria: colorectal cancer diagnosed in a patient aged less than 50 years old, having synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer or with a strong family history. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin embedded tumour tissue samples using four antibodies: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Results: Twelve out of 17 patients (70.6%) were noted to have a family history. A total of 41% (n=7) of the patients had abnormal immunohistochemical staining with one or more of the four antibodies. Loss of expression were noted in 13 tumour tissues with a negative staining score <4. Of 13 tumour tissues, four showed loss expression of MLH1. For PMS2, loss of expression were noted in five cases. Both MSH2 and MSH6 showed loss of expression in two tumour tissues respectively. Conclusions: Revised Bethesda criteria and immunohistochemical analysis constituted a convenient approach and is recommended to be a first-line screening for Lynch syndrome in Malay cohorts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.674-682
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• 2018

Large industrial motors require a large area because of the high risk of shutdown accidents and large industrial accidents due to the lowering of the dielectric strength of the armature windings and overheating problems. Therefore, there is a demand for a large-capacity motor that has small size, light weight, and excellent dielectric strength compared with conventional motors. Superconducting motors have advantages of high efficiency and output power, low size, low weight, and improved stability. This results from greatly increasing the magnetic field generation by using superconductive field coils in rotating machines such as generators and motors. It is very important to design and analyze the cooling system to lower the critical temperature of the wires to achieve superconducting performance. In this study, a field loss analysis and low-temperature heat transfer analysis of the cooling system were performed through the conceptual design of a 100-HP high-temperature superconducting synchronous motor. The field loss analysis shows that a uniform pore magnetic flux density appears when high-temperature superconducting wire is used. The low-temperature heat transfer analysis for gaseous neon and liquid neon showed that a flow rate of 1 kg/min of liquid neon is suitable for maintaining low-temperature stability of the high-temperature superconducting wire.