• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

In East-South Asia it has been said that ginseng(Panax ginseng) induces flushing and epistaxis, whereas American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius) dosen't. This study was designed to find out if ginseng really could increase flushing and epistaxis, compared with American ginseng. Double-blind randomized controlled trials on general symptom, such as flushing and epistaxis, of ginseng and American ginseng in Koreans and Chinese were performed by questionnaire. There was no significant accident or improvement in Koreans. But in Chinese dried mouth was significantly observed in placebo group and chest discomfort was significant in placebo group and American ginseng(4 years) group. In addition in Chinese chest discomfort was significantly observed in American ginseng(4 years) group and American ginseng(6 years) group. It was revealed that ginseng might not increase flushing and epistaxis.토양환경학회 홈페이지 ( http://www.kossge.or.kr ) 을 참조하십시오.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Introduction The clinical usefulness of Sasang Digestive Function Inventory (SDFI) for analyzing Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptom was illustrated repeatedly. It was revised to enhance its validity, reliability and clinical usefulness, however its clinical studies supporting these were not sufficient yet. Methods 193 healthy university students responded once to Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean (NDIK), Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life (FDQOL), and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and twice to SDFI with four weeks of interval. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were also calculated. The 4-week test-retest reliability and correlation coefficients between NDIK, FDQOL, DEBQ, and SDFI were examined using Pearson's correlation. The significant differences between Sasang types in SDFI and its subscales were examined using ANCOVA with the age as covariate. Results The range of test-retest reliability for SDFI and its subscales was from 0.801 to 0.887. The SDFI-total correlated positively with BMI (r=0.323) and DEBQ-External Eating (r=0.433), while the SDFI-Digestion negatively with NDIK (r=-0.472) and FDQOL-total (r=-0.364). The SDFI-Habit correlated positively with BMI (r=0.310) and DEBQ-total (r=0.481), and the SDFI-Appetite with DEBQ-total (r=0.322). The SDFI-total, SDFI-Digestion, and SDFI-Habit scores of Tae-Eum type (35.6±6.25, 12.38±3.24 and 9.89±3.38, respectively) were significantly bigger than those of So-Eum type (29.84±8.31, 9.93±4.28 and 7.66±3.96). Discussion The SDFI was found to be an objective clinical measure with sufficient concurrent validity for measuring eating behavior and quality of life related to overeating and dyspepsia, and illustrated distinctive differences between Sasang types. It might be useful for the effective medical education and integrative medical practice.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the efficiency of short track-related sports injury prevention program consisted of muscle strength and neuromuscular training on non-contact injury incidence and characteristics in knee and ankle joints and low back for elite short track speed skaters. Twenty-five short track athletes who belonged to G-City Team were participated in this study from Nov. 2017 to Jul. 2018. Information on their sports injuries occurred were collected and injury prevention program was applied in their warm-up every training sessions and competition. Also their symptom-level of knee and ankle joint and low back were measured by using OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire and Cumberland ankle instability(CAIT). The injury incidence rate after application of prevention program was 2.79 injuries/1,000 hour exposures(HEs), which was lower than before (3.04 injuries/1,000HEs). The OSTRC score (30.89±28.34 and 23.84±23.61, respectively) in knee and low back after application of prevention program were lower than before (58.47±26.77 and 52.36±21.55, respectively), and the CAIT score (13.47±6.07) in ankle joint after application of program was higher than before (16.26±7.28), which means that their symptom-level was alleviated with sports injury prevention program. In conclusion, the sports injury prevention program designed for short track's motion and characteristic can have positive influences on the occurrence of non-contact injury for short track speed skaters.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

Objectives : To identify the relationship between somatization, stress, depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms risk for nurses working in the intensive care unit. Create clinical evidence of psychosomatic medicine research and complement the meaning of somatization. Methods : Seventy of the mental health checkups conducted by the National Mental Health Center among the nurses using tools including Perceived Stress scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Patient Health questionnaire-15, Korean Beck Depression Inventory, Korean Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision. Results : 12.9% of the patients experienced more than moderate somatization. There was no statistical relationship between somatization and psychological stress perception, but feeling of anxiety and decreased self-confidence were related to the level of somatization. The group with severe somatization experienced more depression and anxiety. The group with high physical fatigue also had no statistical relationship with psychological stress perception, but had an effect on the feeling of tension, stress, or decreased control. Physical fatigue level was increased by experience of depression, not by anxiety. For psychological symptoms the higher the level of somatization, the higher the obsession and hostility was explored. In the linear regression model, stress, depression, and anxiety accounted for 39.3% of somatization and 16.1% of physical fatigue symptoms. Conclusions : We can estimate the decrease in stress cognitive symptoms, accompanying depression and anxiety, compulsion and hostility as characteristics of somatization. The causal relationship between somatization and psychological symptoms cannot be confirmed in this study, but the interrelationships are observed, can be referred to mediation strategies.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of symptom and pain control in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods : The study population consisted of 66 cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and the data was collected by chart audit and using questionnaire from 19 clinicians in an university hospital during the period of August 7 to 24, 2001. The degree of symptom, analgesics type, dose, administration route, and pain control method of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was investigated. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, and SD using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results : The number of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was 66, male 35 (53.0%), female was 31 (47.0%). The largest of age group was $61{\sim}69$(34.8%) years old. Most frequent cancer site was stomach 19 case (28.8%), cole-rectal 17 case (25.8%), urinary 11 case (16.7%) in the respective order. The most common stage of cancer was stage 3, 14 case (29.2%). The most frequent duration of diagnosis was under 3 month, 25 (37.9%). The frequent symptom of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was marasmus ($2.4193{\pm}1.2220$), pain ($1.9333{\pm}1.2194$), sleep disorders ($1.7142{\pm}1.0384$), personality change ($1.5806{\pm}0.8971$) in the respective order. 3) The analgesics used for pai control were narcotic analgesics 66.2% and nonnarcotic analgesics 33.8%. Pain control method were regular basis+as needed 47.4%, as needed 31.6%, regular basis 21.0% in order. Administration route were oral 50.7%, injection 41.8%, patch 7.5% in order. Conclusion : The most frequent symptom of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were marasmus and pain. The frequent analgesics was narcotic analgesics but 21% of the clinician regularly prescribed analgesics for pain control. Thus this prescription was insufficient for pain control. Administration route that were used more oral or injection than patch. Based on this evidence, it seemed that more active practice and education about evaluation and pain control of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.139-162
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• 2008

Objectives : Korean tradithional acupuncture Theory, Sa-am's 5 phases acupuncture method was originated in 1644-1742, in the middle of the Cho Sun dynasty. This study was to vertify the effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment on Primary dysmenorrhea of Women. Methods : The subjects were 80 volunteers who was suffering for dysmenorrhea, employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including Sa-am acupuncture treatment group(n=25), minimal acupuncture treatment group(n=22). They had agreed to take part in this experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. In the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at G41, $SI_3$, B66, $SI_2$(Small intestine jung-guk), $SP_6$, $CV_6$ and one points were inserted additionally depending the symptoms among $ST_{36}$ or $LI_2$. In the control group, subjects were needled at 5 non-acupuncture points have any effect on Dysmenorrhea. A total of 8 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle The MMP score by using 7 questions and the Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL-D) was measured before and after menstruation cycle. Collected data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. Results : Acupuncture treatment produced a significant decreasing the symptom of Primary dysmenorrhea in two groups, but a statistically significant difference was not shown in the acupuncture group compare to control group. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it was verified that Acupuncture Treatment was effective in decreasing the symptom of Primary Dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.728-739
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• 1998

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7079-7083
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• 2014

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is often used as an interview sheet for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at the time of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing during population-based screening for prostate cancer. However, the relationship between prostate cancer detection and LUTS status remains controversial. To elucidate this relationship, the cumulative probability of prostate cancer detection using IPSS in biopsy samples from patients categorized by serum PSA levels was investigated. The clinical characteristics of prostate cancer detected using IPSS during screening were also investigated. A total of 1,739 men aged 54-75 years with elevated serum PSA levels who completed the IPSS questionnaire during the initial population screening in Kanazawa City, Japan and underwent systematic transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy between 2000 and 2013 were enrolled in the present study. Of the 1,739 men, 544 (31.3%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the observation period. The probability of cancer detection at 3 years in the entire study population was 27.4% and 32.7% for men with $IPSS{\leq}7$ and those with $IPSS{\geq}8$, respectively; there was no statistically significant difference between groups. In men with serum PSA levels of 6.1 to 12.0ng/mL at initial screening, the probability of cancer detection was significantly higher in men with $IPSS{\leq}7$ than in those with $IPSS{\geq}8$. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between groups of patients stratified by IPSS. These findings indicate that the use of IPSS for LUTS status evaluation may be useful for prostate cancer detection in the limited range of serum PSA levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2006

Purpose : To identify general characteristics of school personnel with recent fatigue which was the most frequent symptom among subjective symptoms and to explore fatigue-related factors by evaluating physical and perceived health status, life style, and symptoms through data mining techniques. Methods : We collected a data of the 1,147(male 545, female 602) who were elementary, middle, or high school personnel, answered a questionnaire, and received physical examination in Seoul School Health Center from September to November in 2000. And we investigated the differences between fatigue group and non-fatigue group for demographic characteristics, physical health status, perceived health status, symptoms, and laboratory values by frequency, chi-square test, t-test, or simple logistic regression analysis by SAS package 8.1, and then selected significant variables as input variables of a decision tree analysis of CART model by SAS E-miner. Results : In general characteristics, the fatigue consisted of 41.1%(male 35.2%, female 46.4%) among 1,147 school personnel. In classical statistics, factors related with fatigue were female, lower means of systolic and diastolic pressure, young age, personnel in middle school, irregular eating habit, no exercise a week or less than 30minutes exercise a day, perception of unhealthy status, and subjective symptoms including short of breath at exercise. In simple logistic regression to examine the relationship between selected independent variables and fatigue as a dependent variable, the odds ratio of gender (female vs male) was 1.58 times, and young age ( 20s vs 60s) 20.67 times, and middle vs high school personnel 1.86 times. However, we mined combined several characteristics by SAS-E miner. In CART model, if health perception was healthy, and age was >= 37.5 years, the proportion of the fatigue was only 19.3%. but if health perception was not healthy and symptom was severe 'short of breath' during exercise and age was < 53.5 years, and BMI was >= 22.69, the proportion of the fatigue was up to 84.8%. Conclusions : The fatigue consisted of 41.1%(male 35.2%, female 46.4%). In classical statistics, fatigue-related factors among school personnel were young age, female gender, perceived unhealthy status, subjective physical symptoms, poor life-style, and lower blood pressure rather than only physical health status. However, in data mining, if health perception was healthy and age was >= 37.5 years, the proportion of the fatigue was only 19.3%. but if health perception was not healthy and symptom was severe 'short of breath' during exercise and age was < 53.5 years, and BMI was >= 22.69, the proportion of the fatigue was up to 84.8%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2156-2169
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• 2012

This study was performed to find out the relationship between farmer's syndrome and self-conscious fatigue symptoms in farmers of suburban area. The questionnaire was prepared to survey the socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, farming activities, farmer's syndrome, and self-conscious fatigue symptoms of the farmers, and the survey was carried out from April 1 to June 30, 2011 by interviewing 296 farmers residing suburban area of Daejeon city. As a results, the ratio of farmers who had positive farmer's syndrome, doubtful syndrome, and no syndrome were 34.1%, 47.6%, and 18.2%, respectively. The farmer's syndrome was positively correlated with the self-conscious fatigue symptoms, and farmers with self-conscious fatigue symptoms in high risk group were at higher risk of having farmer's syndrome. The results of hierarchic multiple regression analysis indicated that sex, education, health, and self-conscious fatigue symptom were correlated with the farmer's syndrome. Among the affective factors variables, independently self-conscious fatigue symptom was the most influential. As a conclusion, the occurrence of farmer's syndrome was influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and self-conscious fatigue symptoms of the farmers. Especially, self-conscious fatigue symptom was independently influenced the occurrence of farmer's syndrome.