• 재활간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: This was a methodological study to develop a valid and reliable health assessment tool for middle-aged adults in long-term care settings (HATMAL). Methods: At the first stage of this study, initial 56-items HATMAL were derived via literature review, survey for needs assessment, and focus group interviews with experts. At the second stage, 54 items HATMAL were finalized via content validity test with 5 experts and a pilot study with 30 nurses. At the third stage, validity and reliability tests were conducted with 100 middle-aged patients in a long-term care hospital. Data were analyzed by factor analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 3 factors; functional assessment, symptom assessment, and comfort assessment. These 3 factors explained 83.8% of total variance and construct validity was confirmed. Test-retest reliability was .67 for appetite changes, .76 for regulating for behavior problems, and 1.0 for other items. Conclusion: Results indicate that HATMAL is valid and reliable to assess the health for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings. This study would contribute to provide more effective personalized treatment and care for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings considering their own characteristics.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2008

Objective: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in childhood. Phellinus linteus, an orange color mushroom, has been used as a traditional herb medicine for years. Recent preliminary animal experiments suggest that Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice is effective in chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice in the treatment of atopic dermatitis(AD). Methods: 35 patients, 2 to 14 years of age, with mild to moderate AD were treated with Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice powder per oral, $6{\sim}12g$/day adjusted by the body weight, divided three for up to 12 weeks without other treatment. The mean age of patients was 7.3 years. The disease activity has been monitored by objective SCORAD index. The symptom score of the pruritus was measured by using a traditional visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, the global assessments of clinical response were also monitored by patients or their parents. Results: After 12 weeks of the study, significant reductions in mean severity scores and mean symptom scores were observed. The mean objective SCORAD indices of 35 patients decreased from 25.31${\pm}$8.96 to 18.73${\pm}$13.89(p<0.05). And the mean symptom score of pruritus assessment decreased from 7.37${\pm}$1.33 to 4.6${\pm}$2.3(p<0.05). The patient's global assessment of clinical response were also improved through the period of treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions: Phellinus linteusgrown on germinated brown rice may play a role in the treatment of mild and moderate AD in Children.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the general health status of radiological technologists by using Todai Health Index(THI) that has been employed as a standard health assessment tool for a specific group. The subjects in this study were 800 radiological technologists who were working in clinics, hospitals and university hospitals in and around Seoul and in some provincial cities. A survey was conducted directly or by mail in June and July, 2001. And the response rate was 68%. Using THI, the following findings were acquired: 1. By gender, both male and female radiological technologists complained about multiple subjective symptom(I) the most. And the women made more significant complaint of eight items including irregular life. 2. By age group, the radiological technologists whose age ranged from 20 to 24 got higher marks in most of the items, including multiple subjective symptom(I) and symptoms related to eyes and skin. 3. For career, those who had worked for a year or less or for one to five years got higher marks in most of the items. 4. Concerning marital status, the unmarried people complained about many items more, and the married people's symptom was more associated with live scale(L). 5. By the type of medical institution, the radiological technologists in the university hospitals got higher marks in two items including aggressiveness(F), but those in the clinics complained about the others more. 6. Regarding a place of service, there were little differences between the radiological technologists in basement and on the ground.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2007

목적: 말기 암환자의 여명을 예측하는 것은 환자와 가족들에게 '평안한 임종'을 맞기 위한 준비를 할 수 있도록 하고, 의료진에게는 적극적 증상완화와 전인간적 돌봄을 가능하게 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 말기 암환자에서 임종 전 48시간 동안의 임상증상을 파악하고 임종을 예측하는 임상증상을 확인하여 환자 가족 및 의료진에게 이 시기에 나타나는 변화들을 이해하여 준비된 평안한 임종을 맞는데 도움이 되고자 한다. 방법: 2003년 7월부터 2006년 3월까지 한 대학병원에 입원하여 사망한 말기 암환자 89명을 대상으로 하여 임종 전 48시간 동안의 임상증상을 조사하였고 입원 시, 임종 48시간-24시간전, 임종 24시간전$\sim$임종시까지 시간대별 증상의 빈도 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 대상 환자의 중앙 연령은 62세(범위, $16{\sim}97$세)였다. 임종 48시간전 임상증상의 빈도는 의식혼탁(57%)이 가장 흔하였으며 이외 통증(30%), 발열(22%), 호흡곤란(19%)의 순이었다. 원발암에 따른 임종 48시간전 임상증상도 유사한 빈도를 보였으나 담도계암환자에서 발열의 빈도가 다른 암종에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P=0.012). 임종이 임박할수록 입원 시에 호소하던 전신 쇠약감과 식욕부진은 감소한 반면 의식혼탁은 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.001). 결론: 말기 암환자에서 의식혼탁은 임종이 임박했음을 나타내는 가장 중요한 임상 지표로 생각된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

연구목적 : 갑상선기능은 기분, 인지기능, 불안, 수면 등의 증상과 관련된다. 갑상선기능이상 시에 정신분열병 환자에서 음성증상, 기분, 신체증상에 어떤 차이가 있는지, 또 각각의 증상 변화와 어떻게 연관되는지를 연구하였다. 방법 : 정신분열병으로 입원했던 환자 65명을 입원 당시의 갑상선호르몬 수치에 따라 갑상선기능불안정 군과 갑상선기능정상 군으로 나누었다. 두 군의 입원 당시와 8주 후에 평가했던 음성증상평가척도(Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ; 이하 SANS), 양성증상평가척도(Scale for the for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms ; 이하 SAPS), 벡우울증척도(Beck Depression Inventory ; 이하 BDI), 신체감각증폭척도(Somatosensory Amplication Scale ; 이하 SSAS)의 변화를 비교하였다. 각 환자들은 항정신병약물 치료를 포함한 입원 치료를 받았으며, 갑상선기능이 불안정했던 경우 4주 후에 갑상선호르몬의 정상화를 확인하였다. 결과 : 8주 뒤에 갑상선기능정상 군과 갑상선기능불안정 군에서 SANS, BDI, SSAS 변화 차이가 의미 있게 나타났다. 갑상선기능정상 군에서 갑상선기능불안정 군에 비해 척도 점수가 크게 낮아졌는데, SANS는 23.3%(F=57.0, p<0.01), BDI는 19.6%(F=12.9, p<0.01), 신체감각증폭척도는 16.2%(F=17.1, p<0.01) 더 변화가 컸다. SANS, BDI, SSAS 세 지표 간에 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 결론 : 정신분열병 환자들에게서 갑상선기능이 음성증상, 우울감, 신체증상에 관련된 예후에 표지가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3129-3133
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• 2012

Diagnosis and treatment procedures in cancers and resulting anxiety negatively affect the individual and the family. Particularly treatment methods may generate psychological symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the level of such symptoms in Turkish gynecologic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. A total of 41 patients who were referred to our gynecologic oncology research clinic between January-March 2012, receiving 3 months or more chemotherapy and who agreed to participate were enrolled in study. All the data were collected using a personal information form, Edmonton Symptom Assesment System and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Patients received highest point average from fatigue symptom ($6.53{\pm}2.67$) and lowest point average from dyspnea ($1.53{\pm}3.03$) according to Edmonton Symptom Assesment System. The mean State Anxiety score of patients was $43.1{\pm}9.77$ and mean Trait Anxiety score was $46.7{\pm}7.01$. Comparing symptoms of patients and mean State Anxiety score it was found that there was a statistically significant corelation with symptoms like pain (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.001), insomnia (p<0.05), state of well being (p<0.001) and dyspnea (p<0.05). Similarly comparing symptoms of patients and mean Trait Anxiety score demonstrated significant correlations for fatigue (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.01), insomnia (p<0.01) and state of well-being (p<0.01). As a result, patients with gynecological cancers experienced symptoms related to chemotherapy and a moderate level of anxiety. In accordance, appropriate interventions should recommended for the evaluation and improvement of anxiety and symptoms related to treatment in cancer patients.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

Objective : This study was to investigate the utility and relation of dementia rating test(K-DRS and IADL, NPI-Q(symptom), NPI-Q(suffering), CCDR, SDS Method : For this study, we carried out dementia assessment examination of 34 patients with memory disturbance who have come to Cheongju oriental hospital of Daejeon university from April 2005 to February 2006. This study classified the patients as none-dementia(ND), questionable dementia(QD), and dementia(DA) groups and analyzed the result of examination. Results: 1. K-DRS and SDS, K-DRS and SDS, NPI-Q(symptom) and NPI-Q(suffering), NPI-Q(symptom) and CCDR showed clear correlations statistically each other. 2. K-DRS scores showed the significant differences from that of ND and the other groups ; attention and conceptualization showed the significant differences between ND and DA, management and memorization showed the significant differences between DA and the other groups. 3. IADL scores showed the significant differences from that of DA and the other groups, NPI-Q(symptom) scores showed the significant differences between QD and DA, NPI-Q(suffering) scores showed no differences among all groups. 4. CCDR scores showed the significant differences from that of DA and the other groups, SDS scores showed the significant differences between ND and DA 5. MMSE- K and K-DRS showed strong correlations statistically each other. Conclusion : The study results suggest that dementia rating tests is useful to esteem the dementia and the dementia rating tests have strong corelations each other. We use the above mentioned tests for correct diagnosis.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

완화의학에서 환자의 평가는 치료의 의사결정과 그 결과에 이르기까지 중요한 역할을 한다. 평가도구의 사용 목적은 이를 환자 진료에 반영하여 개개인 환자와 가족들에 대한 돌봄의 질을 높이는 데 있다. 환자의 기능 상태와 통증 및 비 통증 증상을 평가하는 다양한 단일 영역 및 다차원 평가 척도들이 사용 가능하며, 삶의 질을 측정하는 다양한 도구들이 존재한다. 삶의 질이나 증상 측정에서 우월하다고 추천되는 단일 도구는 없는 실정이다. 도구마다 측정하는 시간의 틀이 다르고, 특성이 다르므로 사용 목적과 상황에 따라 적절한 도구를 선택하여야 한다. 여명 예측을 위해서는 예후 지수의 병용이 권고되는 추세이고, 웹을 기반으로 하는 예측 프로그램들도 등장하였다. 예후지수로는 최근 우리나라에서 다기관 연구를 통해 개발한 객관적 예후지수가 임상적인 여명 예측을 포함하지 않으면서 새로운 객관적인 예후 요인을 반영하여, 누구나 쉽게 사용이 가능하다. 완화의학 입문자의 경우 상대적으로 사용이 용이한 도구가 좋다. 따라서 기능의 평가에는 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 기능지수를 사용하고, 통증에서는 10점만점의 숫자 통증 등급(Numeric Rating Scale) 도구를 활용하면서 초기 통증 평가로는 간이 통증 조사지를 추천한다. 여러 가지 증상을 한꺼번에 측정하기 위해서는 숫자 등급으로 직접 물어보거나 혹은 M.D. Anderson 증상조사지(the Korean version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory) 설문지를 사용하기 바란다. 삶의 질을 평가하는데에는 European Organization Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care, 예후 지수로는 객관적 예후 지수(Objective Prognostic Score)를 사용하기를 권한다. 향후 완화의학에서 평가도구의 발전방향은 국제 공동 연구의 활성화와 디지털 기기를 통한환자 보고의 전산화이고, 머지않은 앞날에 우리나라에도 이러한 경향이 도입될 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1183-1200
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• 2015

Reinforcement corrosion can cause serious safety deterioration to aging concrete structures exposed in aggressive environments. This paper presents an approach for reliability analyses of deteriorating reinforced concrete structures affected by reinforcement corrosion on the basis of the representative symptoms identified during the deterioration process. The concrete cracking growth and rebar bond strength evolution due to reinforcement corrosion are chosen as key symptoms for the performance deterioration of concrete structures. The crack width at concrete cover surface largely depends on the corrosion penetration of rebar due to the expansive rust layer at the bond interface generated by reinforcement corrosion. The bond strength of rebar in the concrete correlates well with concrete crack width and decays steadily with crack width growth. The estimates of cracking development and bond strength deterioration are examined by experimental data available from various sources, and then matched with symptom-based lifetime Weibull model. The symptom reliability and remaining useful life are predicted from the predictive lifetime Weibull model for deteriorating concrete structures. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach for forecasting the performance of concrete structures subject to reinforcement corrosion. The results show that the corrosion rate has significant impact on the reliability associated with serviceability and load bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures during their service life.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze physical symptom-related and life-style factors affecting suicidal ideation of senior grade students in elementary school. Methods: Physical symptom-related and life-style factors were used to investigate suicidal ideation among 663 elementary school students. From February 11 to 15, 2018, data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the $x^2$ test, Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 22.0. Results: The factors affecting suicidal ideation were gender, family structure, economic status, academic performance, exposure to school violence during the past year, physical symptoms, drinking experience, smoking experience, sleeping time, and ramen noodle consumption. The regression analysis showed that exposure to school violence during the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 102.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.19~207.19, p=.001), number of physical symptoms (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12~1.41, p=.001), drinking experience (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.66~6.06, p=.001), and game and internet usage time (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.08~4.01, p=.029) affected suicidal ideation. Conclusion: This study revealed that physical symptoms and life-style significantly influenced suicidal ideation. Therefore, interventions to reduce suicidal ideation in children must focus on improving children's physical symptoms and life-style.