• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate how trauma and personality system was related by comparing TCI profiles of the trauma versus non-trauma groups and PTSD symptom positive (PTSD symptom [+] group) and PTSD symptom negative groups (PTSD symptom [-] group). Methods : We compared the difference of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles between the trauma (n=61) and the non-trauma (n=61) groups, and between the PTSD symptom [+] group (n=40) and PTSD symptom [-] group (n=21). Results : Comparison of the TCI's seven higher dimensions between the PTSD symptom [+] and [-] groups showed significant differences only in C (Cooperativeness). And in the analysis of TCI's lower dimensions the significant differences were observed in the HA1 (Worry and pessimism), HA2 (Tension regarding uncertainty), and C4 (Compassion) subscales. However, significant differences in the higher dimensions appeared more clearly between the non-traumatized group and the traumatized group. Compared to the non-traumatized group, the traumatized group scored significantly higher in HA (Harm avoidance) and RD (Reward dependence), while lower in SD (Self-directedness). Conclusion : Overall, present results suggest that traumatic experiences may affect personality systems regardless of the development and of PTSD symptoms.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 2001

1. Purpose 'Gu-Bon' of ${\ulcorner}$Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ found lately was written in 1940, through comparing with 'Gu-Bon' and 'In-Bon'. In 'Gu-Bon' and 'In-Bon', there are many different contents. The aim of the present study was to find changes of Dong-Mu's recognition on Symptom of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease from 1894 to 1900 2. Methods Comparing with 'Gu-Bon' and 'In-Bon' on Symptom of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease, Mechanism . region . main symptom and treatment of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease are arranged. and changes of Dong-Mu's recognition on Symptom of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease from 1894 to 1900 was found 3. Results 1) In 'Gu-Bon' of ${\ulcorner}$Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, Dong-mu recognized Symptom of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease, mainly through the conception of 'ventral-dorsal--interior-exterior' and 'Main Qi of life protection' 2) In 'In-Bon' of ${\ulcorner}$Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, Dong-mu recognized Symptom of Soeumin's Disease and Soyangin's Disease, mainly through the conception of 'ventral-dorsal-interior-exterior' and 'Ascending of Yang-Qi and Descending of Yin-Qi' 3) In 'Gu-Bon' of ${\ulcorner}$Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, Symptom of Soeumin's Disease was classified into 'Taeyang Disease' and 'Yang-myoung Disease'. But In 'In-Bon' of ${\ulcorner}$Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$, Symptom of Soeumin's Disease was classified into 'Mang-yang' and 'Ul-guang'

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.57-89
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• 2021

Objectives This study is aimed to develop a standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for the original symptom of Taeeumin. Methods 1. Based on the clinical practice guidelines, the works of Dong-mu, and the expert clinical judgment of the research team, the items to be used in the instrument of diagnosis and assessment for the original symptom of Taeeumin were extracted, and translation was proceeded in plain Korean for easy application and feasible use in daily clinical practice. As a result, candidate items for the diagnosis and assessment tool were derived. 2. An online questionnaire survey was conducted on the candidate items derived through the above process to the expert advisory group for (1) inclusion/exclusion as diagnosis and assessment index (2) evaluation of importance and (3) the validity of translation. Results & Conclusions Through survey of expert advisory group, the number of candidate items were reduced and the preliminary weights were assigned. And based on this, was developed. There were a total of 9 items for Exterior Cold[Wiwanhan] original symptom diagnosis and assessment tool, 21 items for Interior Heat[Ganyeol] original symptom, 15 items for Exterior Disease Unfavorable Patterns[Wiwanhan-paejo] original symptom, and 17 items for Interior Disease Unfavorable Patterns[Ganyeol-paejo] original symptom, and the weights were reflected in each response score so that the final total score could be calculated.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and to determine the effects of an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Subjects consisted of 58 CAD patients (experimental group: 30, control group: 28). The experimental group participated in an integrated symptom management program for 6 months which was composed of tailored education, stress management, exercise, diet, deep breathing, music therapy, periodical telephone monitoring and a daily log. The control group received the usual care. Results: The experimental group significantly decreased symptom experiences and the level of LDL compared to the control group. The experimental group significantly increased self care activity and quality of life compared to the control group. Although no significant difference was found in cardiac recurrence, the experimental group had fewer recurrences. Conclusion: These results suggest that an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention can improve symptom aggravation, recurrent rate, self care activity and quality of life. Nursing interventions are needed to maintain and further enhance the quality of life of these patients and the interventions should be implemented in the overall transition period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-care and the physical symptom and to analyse the correlation between self-care and physical symptom in type2 diabetic patients. Method: 201 Participants were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. The data were collected by self report self-care and physical symptom questionnaire. Results: The alcohol drinking frequency was lower in female than in male patients. The frequency of nausea or vomiting, morning headaches, lightheadedness, weakness, pain in the heart, pain in the back, stiffness in any join or muscle, and getting very tired in a short time were higher in female than in male diabetic patients. The exercise frequency was negatively correlated with physical symptom in female patients. Conclusion: The alcohol drinking frequency was lower in female than in male patients. The female patients had more physical symptoms than the male patients. The exercise frequency was negatively correlated with physical symptom in female patients.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2015

A majority of menopausal women experience serious depressive symptom because they are disturbed by their menstruation stop and by multiple physiological symptoms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the related factors of depressive symptom of menopausal women in Korea. A multiple regression model was used to study in association with depressive symptom, controlling for socio-economic characteristics, health status and behavior characteristics, women's health, and family support characteristics. For the data, Menopausal women were 4,680 peoples were selected for this study. PASW 18.0 was used to study in association with affecting factors of depressive symptom in the menopausal women The study shows that Education level, Marital status, Income, Employment status, Activity limitations, Perceived health status, Perceived body Image recognition, Current smoking, AUDIT, Frequency of induced abortion, Frequency of eating out, Breakfast with family, Lunch with family were associated with depressive symptom of menopausal women in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, relationships between symptom experience and quality of life in a cross-sectional sample of patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) were investigated. Methods: This descriptive study involved a convenience sample of AF patients from S university hospital, C city. One hundred and two AF patients completed psychometric validated measures of AF related symptoms and quality of life. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS WIN 14.0 were used for data analysis. Results: Of 16 atrial arrhythmia-related symptoms, the patients reported 'tiredness' as the most frequent and 'shortness of breath' as the most severe. The level of overall quality of life for patients with AF was 53.92. There were significant differences in symptom frequency according to religion, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and left ventricular ejection fraction ; symptom severity according to monthly income and stroke ; quality of life according to age, job, alcohol intake, NYHA class and stroke. Quality of life for these patients was positively correlated with symptom frequency and symptom severity. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients with more frequent and severe symptoms perceive poorer quality of life than patients with less frequent and less severe symptoms. Symptom experience should be assessed early to improve quality of life for patients.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.4 s.62
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

This research is based on self-filling survey which 220 dental hygienists who work in seoul participated on July 2006 through August 2006. This survey was analyzed the experience item and occurred time of the symptoms and the time of acute and vanish of the symptoms that dental office's working environment effects on physical subjective symptom. We suggest a plan to minimizing physical subjective symptom for health manage of dental hygienist. We found out the fact that dental hygienists were unsatisfied with hospital air condition and this polluted air condition cause them physical subjective symptom in work place. As follows analyzed results ventilation time is below the 3-times a day, this may be have some trouble in indoor air quality. The experience the symptoms level is higher then non-experience level in "Fatigue and sleepiness", "Dorsalgia, omarthralgia, cervicodynia", "Hypersensitivity", "Dry eye, itch, smarting", "Headaches" and a subjective symptom is occurred at after 11:00(am) more then 60%, 50% of the dental hygienist. This experience the symptom' pain is vanished after the work and reduced when go out the office and building, respectively. The ratio of the experience the symptoms and starting time the symptoms is anywhere from 12 noon to 4 pm (73.2%) in a day. The time of acute pain the symptoms is anywhere from 12 noon to 4 pm (78.7%) refer to the individual characteristics and work environment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.297-309
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• 2018

Purpose: To develop Pregnancy Risk symptom Perception Scale (PRPS) and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: A preliminary 30-item version of PRPS was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, and Content Validity. Each item was scored on a four-point Likert scale. The preliminary scale was developed based on 301 pregnant women who visited a hospital. Date were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ (0.90 for total item, 0.80 to 0.88 for factors). Results: The PRPS consisted of 27 items. Three factors (physical, environmental, and emotional factors) explained 55% of the total variance. Cronbach's Criterion validity was supported by comparison with the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (r=0.34). In reliability test, the reliability coefficient of pregnancy risk symptom perception was high at 0.90. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pregnancy risk symptom perception scale developed in this study comprises items that can assess the level of pregnant women's pregnancy risk symptom perception in Korea. Its validity and reliability were proven. PRPS can be utilized to measure pregnant women's risk symptom perception during pregnancy. PRPS will contribute to the development of systematic prenatal care and effective risk management.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.318-328
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of self-care, symptom experience and disease state among the patients with liver cirrhosis and to identify its correlation. Methods: The subjects were 220 patients with liver cirrhosis who were treated in D-university hospital in Busan. The instruments used for study were the self-care inventory, the symptom experience inventory and modified childpugh classification scale. Results: The average points of the patient's self-care performance, symptom experience, and disease status were 3.67, 29.10 and 6.12 respectively. Their self care was negatively correlated to symptom experience, and symptom experience was positively correlated to disease state. Conclusion: This research findings suggested that active self-care by patients with liver cirrhosis might contribute to reduce various symptoms they can undergo and to prevent aggravation of disease state. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis have to carry out self care actively in daily life and discreet nursing intervention should be offered to facilitate their self-care.