• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Purpose - This study analyzed how image affects customer trust and satisfaction in the online shopping mall market, which is becoming more competitive; future implications for customer management in online shopping malls were presented. Consumers visit and prefer a few shopping mall sites instead of many sites. Consumers do not visit sites that cannot provide trust and satisfaction. Therefore, establishing trust and satisfaction with differentiated image is essential for survival and growth. Specifically analyzing company image, shop image, and brand image, I studied how symbolic image, functional image, and empirical image affect satisfaction mediated by trust in the online shopping malls of hypermarket retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - To investigate the relationship between image and satisfaction of big box retailers' shopping malls in the online market, the study is based on analyzed data from questionnaires involving advanced research. From May 1st to 20th in the year 2014, a questionnaire survey targeting university students using big box retailers' shopping malls in Seoul was conducted. A total of 282 questionnaires were conducted, and 276 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis, excluding invalid data. Using the SPSS 21.0 statistics package, factor analysis and regression analysis were implemented, and effects of image on trust and satisfaction were presented. Results - First, symbolic image can affect satisfaction with only trust. Among 3 image factors, symbolic image exerts the most influence on trust; trust is important in coupling the medium to satisfaction. Second, functional image and empirical image affect satisfaction directly and indirectly with trust. Conclusions - As I classified the image of hyper market retailers' online shopping malls into symbolic, functional, and empirical image, I analyzed the effects of image on trust and satisfaction empirically. The results of the study and strategic implications are as follows. First, symbolic image can affect satisfaction with only trust. Among 3 image factors, symbolic image exerts the most influence on trust; trust is important in coupling the medium to satisfaction. The establishment of a distinctive symbolic image, such as the online shopping mall's loyalty, level of awareness, and special service, is needed. With the establishment of symbolic image, trust and satisfaction could be improved. Second, functional image and empirical image affect satisfaction directly and indirectly with trust. Especially, as functional image affects trust more than empirical image, setting and implementing a strategy for empirical image based on the right price, service, and convenience could raise trust and satisfaction. Empirical image affects trust and satisfaction substantially. Even though empirical image's influence on trust is lower than that of other three image factors, empirical image's influence on satisfaction is higher than symbolic image. Therefore, it requires a strategy for providing joyful use, and information research functions and distinctive use experience are important to improve satisfaction. This study analyzed image characteristics of hyper-market retailers' online shopping malls in the fast-growing online market; future strategic implications were presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.525-532
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• 2024

This study explores the impact of physical characteristics (e.g., shape, color, material, size, weight, technical features) of smart wristbands and smartwatches on consumers' perceived functional, aesthetic, and symbolic values using an extended technology acceptance model. An online survey was conducted with adult residents of the United States who had experience using smart wristbands or smartwatches. Participants were asked about various physical characteristics of products they had used in the past year or were currently using, and their evaluations of these characteristics. The results revealed that the shape of the front display shape significantly influenced symbolic value, with circle shape and square shpae showing significantly higher symbolic value than rectangle shape. Wristband materials also had a significant impact on symbolic value, with metal and leather showing higher symbolic value among various materials. Additionally, an increase in product size was associated with higher symbolic value. Moreover, certain technical features such as activity tracker, alarm clock, and distance tracking influenced perceived functional value, while functions like time display, GPS, and email influenced perceived aesthetic value. Pedometer, GPS, and email were found to enhance perceived symbolic value. These findings provide valuable insights into consumer preferences for smart wristbands and smartwatches, serving as valuable information for product improvement and new product development.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

An optical parallel modified signed-digit(MSD) number adder system is proposed by using triple rail-coding input patterns and serial arrangement method of symbolic substitution. By combing overlapped arithmetic results. which are produced by encoding MSD input as triple rail-coding patterns. into the same patterns, symbolic substitution rules are reduced and also by using serialized and space-shifted input patterns in optical experiments, the optical adder without space-shifting operation, NOR operation and threshold operation is implemented.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.471-486
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• 2014

This study introduces a new type of symbolic data, a candle chart-valued time series. We aggregate four stock indices (i.e., open, close, highest and lowest) as a one data point to summarize a huge amount of data. In other words, we consider a candle chart, which is constructed by open, close, highest and lowest stock indices, as a type of symbolic data for a long period. The proposed candle chart-valued time series effectively summarize and visualize a huge data set of stock indices to easily understand a change in stock indices. We also propose novel approaches for the candle chart-valued time series modeling based on a combination of two midpoints and two half ranges between the highest and the lowest indices, and between the open and the close indices. Furthermore, we propose three types of sum of square for estimation of the candle chart valued-time series model. The proposed methods take into account of information from not only ordinary data, but also from interval of object, and thus can effectively perform for time series modeling (e.g., forecasting future stock index). To evaluate the proposed methods, we describe real data analysis consisting of the stock market indices of five major Asian countries'. We can see thorough the results that the proposed approaches outperform for forecasting future stock indices compared with classical data analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.7-9
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• 2010

이에 본 논문에서는 이동 객체의 위치를 향상 명시적으로 결정할 수 있는 추적 가능 실내 기호 공간(Trackable Indoor Symbolic Space)을 정의하고, 이러한 공간을 정의하기 위한 규칙들을 제안한다 위치를 좌표로 나타내는 실외 공간의 응용 프로그램들과는 달리, 대부분의 실내공간의 응용 프로그램들은 위치를 방 번호와 같은 기호적 값으로 표현하는 기호참조체계를 이용한다 이에, 본 논문에서는 실내기호공간의 개념과 실내 기호공간에서의 이동객체의 위치 추정에 대해 소개하고, 추정 가능한 실내공간을 만들기 위한 규칙과 방법을 제안하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 1990

This paper describes and implements a design method of register allocation as a required module of RISC compiler systems. It compiles a C program to a machine-independent intermediate language, translates each variable into symbolic register. After local allocation process for the symbolic registers, global register allocation is executed by applying the graph coloring algorithm. This register allocation phase is designed for a system with the large register file like RISC machines.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.581-592
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• 2010

With the help of some techniques based upon certain inverse pairs of symbolic operators initiated by Burchnall-Chaundy, the authors investigate decomposition formulas associated with Saran's function $F_E$ in three variables. Many operator identities involving these pairs of symbolic operators are first constructed for this purpose. By employing their decomposition formulas, we also present a new group of integral representations for the Saran function $F_E$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 1989

A Symbolic cover Minimization Algorithm and State CHDL Description for Finite State Machine Synthesizer are Presented. State CHDL are used for design of PLA based finite state machine, also the symbolic cover minimization algorithms are based upon single cube containment and distance 1 merging algorithms. The procedure for state machine synthesizer has been applied to practical example, including traffic light controller by using Boulder Optimal Logic Design System.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.474-482
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• 2023

Data mining is a technique for extracting valuable information from vast amounts of data by analyzing statistical and mathematical operations, rules, and relationships. In this study, we employed data mining technology to analyze the data concerning the painting poetry of Maehwado (plum blossom paintings) from the early Joseon Dynasty. The data was extracted from the Hanguk Munjip Chonggan (Korean Literary Collections in Classical Chinese) in the Hanguk Gojeon Jonghap database (Korea Classics DB). Using computer information processing techniques, we carried out web scraping and classification of the painting poetry from the Hanguk Munjip Chonggan. Subsequently, we narrowed down our focus to the painting poetry specifically related to Maehwado in the early Joseon Dynasty. Based on this, refined dataset, we conducted an in-depth analysis and interpretation of the text data at the syllable corpus level. As a result, we found a direct correlation between the corpus statistics for each syllable in Maehwado painting poetry and the symbolic meaning of plum blossoms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.2310-2316
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• 2010

This paper presents an application of retiming to model checking, a branch of formal verification. Retiming can change the transition relation of a circuit without changing its input-output behaviour by relocating its registers. With the retiming, a given circuit can have a different structure more adequate for model checking. This paper proposes a cost function to reflect the number of registers and the characteristic of its transition relation and develops a heuristic annealing algorithm to search efficiently the circuit structures obtained by retiming. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the model checking performance.